Deep Multitask Learning-Driven Discovery of New Compounds Targeting .

Visceral leishmaniasis caused by is a severe and often fatal disease prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Existing treatments are hampered by toxicity, high costs, and the emergence of drug resistance, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutics. In this context, we developed an explainable multitask learning (MTL) pipeline to predict the antileishmanial activity of compounds against three species, with a primary focus on .

Chitosan Nanoparticles, a Novel Drug Delivery System to Transfer Squalene for Hepatocyte Stress Protection.

The Mediterranean diet is a well-known dietary pattern that has gained considerable popularity worldwide for its ability to prevent the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This is largely attributed to the use of virgin olive oil as the primary source of fat, which contains a substantial amount of squalene, a natural antioxidant. In order to enhance the delivery of squalene and amplify its effects due to its highly hydrophobic nature, herein, squalene has been incorporated into chitosan nanoparticles.

Tumor burden with AFP improves survival prediction for TACE-treated patients with HCC: An international observational study.

Background & Aims: Current prognostic models for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) are not extensively validated and widely accepted. We aimed to develop and validate a continuous model incorporating tumor burden and biology for individual survival prediction and risk stratification.

Methods: Overall, 4,377 treatment-naive candidates for whom TACE was recommended, from 39 centers in five countries, were enrolled and divided into training, internal validation, and two external validation datasets.

Effect of randomised blood pressure lowering treatment and intensive glucose control on dementia and cognitive decline according to baseline cognitive function and other subpopulations of individuals with type 2 diabetes: Results from the ADVANCE trial.

Background And Aims: Accumulating evidence indicates that reducing high blood pressure (BP) prevents dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Furthermore, although diabetes is a risk factor for dementia and MCI, there is uncertainty of the effect of intensive glucose control on these endpoints. This study aimed to determine the effects of BP-lowering (vs placebo) and intensive glucose-lowering (vs standard control) treatments according to baseline cognition and other characteristics on dementia and cognitive decline (CD) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Exploring Quality of Life in Adults Living With Late-onset Pompe Disease: A Combined Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Patient Perceptions from Australia, France, Italy, and the Netherlands.

Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a rare, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that is heterogeneous in disease presentation and progression. People with LOPD report a significantly lower physical, psychological, and social quality of life (QoL) than the general population. This study investigated how individuals' self-reported LOPD status (improving, stable, declining) relates to their QoL.

Using visual methods to further enhance qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background: The use of visual methods in qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) adds a valuable dimension to the synthesis process by enhancing understanding and knowledge generation. Visual methods are currently underused and underreported in QES.

Methods: This is the first study to describe accessible visual methods that support various stages of QES and to show the application of visual methods to a Cochrane QES of 43 studies using meta-ethnography and systematic review methods.

Long-term effect of repeated application of pig slurry digestate on microbial communities in arable soils.

Anaerobic digestion represents an opportunity for converting organic waste (OW) into valuable products: renewable energy (biogas) and a fertilizer (digestate). However, the long-term effects of digestates on soil biota, especially microorganisms, need to be better documented to understand the impact of digestate on soil ecosystem functioning and resilience. This study assessed the cumulative effect of repeated pig slurry digestate applications on soil microbial communities over a decade, using an in-situ approach to compare digested feedstock with undigested feedstock and other fertilization treatments.

Effect of maternal beta-blocker treatment on mean fetal heart rate.

Background: During pregnancy, the prescription of beta-blockers to the mother may be necessary for pre-existing chronic conditions. Their use raises concerns due to potential effects on the fetus.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of beta-blockers on mean fetal heart rate in pregnant women treated with these medications compared to an untreated patient group.

Dietary nitrate supplementation very slightly mitigates the oxidative stress induced by high-intensity training performed in normobaric hypoxia.

Oxidative stress is augmented under hypoxic environments, which may be attenuated with antioxidant supplementation. We investigated the effects of dietary nitrate (NO-) supplementation combined with high-intensity training performed under hypoxic conditions on antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance. Thirty trained participants were assigned to one of three groups - HNO: hypoxia (13% FO) + NO-; HPL: hypoxia + placebo; CON: normoxia (20.

More injury stoppage time in women compared to men in elite level football tournaments: Retrospective comparison of match injuries in 2018 FIFA Men's World Cup and 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.

To identify the incidence of injury time-out due to field injuries in highest level professional football (soccer) international tournaments and to compare the features of these incidents between men's and women's football. The incidence of stoppage time due to incidents and the resulting injury characteristics of professional football players participating in the 2018 FIFA Men's World Cup (MWC) in Russia and the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup (WWC) in France were examined retrospectively through video analysis. In the 2018 MWC, a total of 123 injury time-outs with 132 treatments occurred in 64 matches, while in the 2019 WWC, 142 incidents with 150 injured players were recorded in 52 matches.

'Setting the Benchmark' Part 3: Contextualising the Match Demands of Specialised Positions at the FIFA Women's World Cup Australia and New Zealand 2023.

This study aimed to benchmark the match demands of specialised positions at the FIFA Women's World Cup Australia and New Zealand 2023. With FIFA's official approval, all sixty-four games at the tournament were analysed using an optical tracking system alongside FIFA's Enhanced Football Intelligence metrics. During a typical match, defensive and central midfielders covered 5-15% more total distance than centre backs, wide defenders and centre forwards (P < 0.

Technical-tactical evolution of women's football: a comparative analysis of ball possessions in the FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019 and Australia & New Zealand 2023.

The aim of this study was to analyse and compare, both individually and multivariately, the technical-tactical similarities and differences associated with the offensive phase between the FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019 and the FIFA Women's World Cup Australia & New Zealand 2023. Following an observational follow-up design, 4,669 ball possessions were analysed in both tournaments (FWWC19: n = 2,323; FWWC23: n = 2,346). Differences between the two editions were examined using the chi-square statistic (p < .

Effects of linear versus curvilinear sprint training on multidirectional speed in young soccer players: a randomized parallel-group trial.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of linear sprint training (LST) compared to curvilinear sprint training (CST) using an equivalent session training volume, on linear (LS) and curvilinear (CS) sprint performance, horizontal force-velocity profile, and change of direction (COD) ability in young soccer players. In a randomized pre-post parallel-group trial design, nineteen U16 male soccer players were randomly assigned to LST (n = 9) and CST (n = 10) groups. Both groups performed 11 sprint training sessions over 6 weeks.

Follicular Helper T-cell Lymphoma With Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg-Like Cells Versus Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Comparative Study.

Lymphomas of T-follicular helper origin (T-follicular helper-cell lymphoma [TFHL]) are often accompanied by an expansion of B-immunoblasts, occasionally with Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg-like (HRS-like) cells, making the differential diagnosis with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) difficult. We compared the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of 15 TFHL and 12 CHL samples and discussed 4 challenging cases of uncertain diagnosis. Compared with CHL, TFHL disclosed more frequent sparing of subcortical sinuses, high-endothelium venule proliferation, dendritic cell meshwork expansion, T-cell atypia, and aberrant T-cell immunophenotype.

Surgical Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: New Light on the Horizon?

After 30 years of disappointment, 2 randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of neurosurgical treatment on functional outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were published in 2024. The ENRICH trial (Early Minimally Invasive Removal of Intracerebral Hemorrhage) studied the efficacy of early minimally invasive hematoma removal in patients with lobar or anterior basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage, whereas the SWITCH trial investigated the effect of decompressive craniectomy without hematoma removal in severe deep intracerebral hemorrhage. In this critique article, we will discuss the main findings of these trials, their implications and future perspectives.

sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov. isolated from batfish () in Tahiti Island, French Polynesia.

Ten novel Gram-negative, aerobic, non-sporulating, yellow-pigmented rod-shaped bacterial strains motile by gliding were isolated from marine organisms/environments in French Polynesia. Three of them designated as 190524A05c, 190524A02b and 190130A14a were retrieved from orbicular batfish () mucus. Online database comparisons using 16S rRNA amplicons resulted in over 95% similarity to the genus .

Predicting Antidepressant Treatment Response From Cortical Structure on MRI: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA-MDD Working Group.

Accurately predicting individual antidepressant treatment response could expedite the lengthy trial-and-error process of finding an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested and compared machine learning-based methods that predict individual-level pharmacotherapeutic treatment response using cortical morphometry from multisite longitudinal cohorts. We conducted an international analysis of pooled data from six sites of the ENIGMA-MDD consortium (n = 262 MDD patients; age = 36.

Reinforcing chemically treated human hair with citric acid.

Objective: The objective of this work was to conduct a systematic study to evaluate the performance of citric acid (CA), an example of a commonly used organic acid in hair cosmetics, on different types of chemically treated hair and to better understand how CA works.

Methods: Consumer-centric routines were used to prepare the chemically treated hair, namely high-lift bleached, middle-lift bleached, permanently coloured and a combination of permed and coloured hair. Hair was subsequently treated with CA and hair reinforcement was investigated by physical techniques: High Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (HPDSC), Miniature Tensile Test (MTT), Cyclic Fatigue Tensile Test (CFTT) & Micro X-ray Diffraction (μXRD) as well as chemical analysis (elemental, amino acids).

Single-Molecule Tracking and Super-Resolution Microscopy Unveil Actin-Driven Membrane Nanotopography Shaping Stable Integrin Adhesions in Developing Tissue.

Single molecule tracking and super-resolution microscopy of integrin adhesion proteins and actin in developing Drosophila muscle attachment sites reveals that nanotopography triggered by Arp2/3-dependent actin protrusions promotes stable adhesion formation. The nanodomains formed during this process confine the diffusion of integrins and promote their immobilization. Spatial confinement is also applied to the motion of actin filaments, resulting in enhanced mechanical connection with the integrin adhesion complex.

Climate Change Influences via Species Distribution Shifts and Century-Scale Warming in an End-To-End California Current Ecosystem Model.

Climate change can impact marine ecosystems through many biological and ecological processes. Ecosystem models are one tool that can be used to simulate how the complex impacts of climate change may manifest in a warming world. In this study, we used an end-to-end Atlantis ecosystem model to compare and contrast the effects of climate-driven species redistribution and projected temperature from three separate climate models on species of key commercial importance in the California Current Ecosystem.

Is preloading with amikacin a measure able to mitigate sequestration? A preliminary in vitro study.

Introduction: Amikacin is sequestered in polyacrylonitrile filters. Methods mitigating sequestration are unknown. Amikacin elimination in a polyacrylonitrile-derived filter preloaded with amikacin was studied in a preliminary study.

Hypereosinophilia and Hypereosinophilic Syndromes: First Findings From a Nationwide Multicenter Cohort.

Background: Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) are a heterogenous group of eosinophilic disorders. To date, only retrospective studies of limited sample-size and/or follow-up duration are available.

Methods: The COHESion study is a national prospective multicenter multidisciplinary cohort recruiting both adults or children with the spectrum of eosinophilic disorders (including reactive HE/HES [HE/HES-R], idiopathic HES [HES-I], lymphocytic HES [HES-L], neoplastic HE/HES [HE/HES-N], HE of unknown significance [HE-US], as well as IgG4-related disease [IgG4RD] or ANCA-negative eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [EGPA] overlaps).

Exploring Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use for the Management of Acne Vulgaris Among University Students: Forms, Trends, and Information Sources.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease that has physical and psychological impacts. Patients diagnosed with acne often use complementary and alternative medicine, despite the insufficient evidence.

Aims: This cross-sectional study sought to identify the types, trends in and reasons for utilizing complementary and alternative medicine for acne among university students.