Human motivation is organized hierarchically, from proximal (means) to ultimate (ends).

Murayama and Jach raise a key problem in behavioral sciences, to which we suggest evolutionary science can provide a solution. We emphasize the role of adaptive mechanisms in shaping behavior and argue for the integration of hierarchical theories of goal-directed cognition and behavioral flexibility, in order to unravel the motivations behind actions that, in themselves, seem disconnected from adaptive goals.

Motivation needs cognition but is not just about cognition.

Murayama and Jach offer valuable suggestions for how to integrate computational processes into motivation theory, but these processes cannot do away with motivation altogether. Rewards are only rewarding because people want and like them - that is, because of motivation. Sexual desire is not primarily a quest for rewarding information.

From Paper to Digital: Evaluating Electronic Medical Records and their Compliance with EMA Guidelines in European Clinical Trials.

Background: Over the past decade, there has been a significant shift from paper-based to digital medical record management, driven largely by advances in digital technology. This transition has led to widespread adoption of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), with the expectation that paper documentation will soon be fully replaced. In response, the European Medicines Agency's "Guideline on Computerised Systems in Clinical Trials" outlines essential criteria for validated EMR systems to ensure data integrity and security, and sets standards for electronic source documents in clinical trials.

Smart Applications of Lanthanide Chelates-based Luminescent Probes in Bio-Imaging.

Luminescent Lanthanide (III) (Ln(III)) bioprobes (LLBs) have been extensively used in the last two decades as intracellular molecular probes in bio-imaging for the efficient revelation of analytes, to signal intracellular events (enzymes/protein activity, antigen-antibody interaction), target specific organelles, and determine parameters of particular biophysical interest, to gain important insights on pathologies or diseases. The choice of using a luminescent Ln(III) coordination compound with respect to a common organic fluorophore is intimately connected to how their photophysical sensitization (antenna effect) can be finely tuned and especially triggered to respond (even quantitatively) to a certain biophysical event, condition or analyte. While there are other reviews focused on how to design chromophoric ligands for an efficient sensitization of Ln(III) ions, both in the visible and NIR region, this review is application-driven: it is a small collection of particularly interesting examples where the LLB's emissive information is acquired by imaging the emission intensity and/or the fluorescence lifetime (fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, FLIM).

Validation of the PANAMA-Score for Survival and Benefit of Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with Resected Pancreatic Cancer After Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX.

Aim: To validate the prognostic value of the PAncreatic NeoAdjuvant MAssachusetts (PANAMA)-score and to determine its predictive ability for survival benefit derived from adjuvant treatment in patients after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX.

Background: The PANAMA-score was developed to guide prognostication in patients after neoadjuvant therapy and resection for PDAC. As this score focuses on the risk for residual disease after resection, it might also be able to select patients who benefit from adjuvant after neoadjuvant therapy.

Mapping QTLs for early leaf spot resistance and yield component traits using an interspecific AB-QTL population in peanut.

Early leaf spot (ELS), caused by (syn. ), is a highly damaging peanut disease worldwide. While there are limited sources of resistance in cultivated peanut cultivars, wild relatives carry alleles for strong resistance, making them a valuable strategic resource for peanut improvement.

Pooled safety analysis of two phase 3 studies investigating trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is approved as monotherapy and in combination with bevacizumab for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab showed good tolerability in the phase 3 SOLSTICE (first-line) and SUNLIGHT (later-line) trials. This pooled analysis was performed to further characterize the safety of FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab and to compare safety in untreated and previously treated patients with mCRC.

Experimental support for partial compensation, not matched, partner response rules in blue tits.

Outcomes of theoretical models on conflict resolution between investing partners in bi-parental care systems typically predict "partial compensation" or "matched" response rules, depending on underlying assumptions. Further, although experimental tests in birds suggest that care levels by pair members are largely associated with partial compensation responses, this outcome partly depends on the type of experiment used and its effects on model assumptions. To elucidate support for both the underlying assumptions and predictions of models predicting partner compensation versus matching, we performed temporary, bi-directional brood size manipulations during late nestling provisioning in blue tits () in the French Pyrenees.

Shape-tailored semiconductor dot-in-rods: optimizing CdS-shell growth for enhanced chiroptical properties the rationalization of the role of temperature and time.

Colloidal chemistry provides an assortment of synthetic tools for tuning the shape of semiconductor nanocrystals. To fully exploit the shape- and structure-dependent properties of semiconductor nanorods, high-precision control on growth and design is essential. However, achieving this precision is highly challenging due to the high temperatures (>350 °C) and short reaction times (<8 minutes) often required for these reactions.

Merging Copper Catalysis with Nitro Allyl and Allyl Sulfone Derivatives: Practical, Straightforward, and Scalable Synthesis of Diversely Functionalized Allyl Boranes.

We report here the first example of a copper-catalyzed transformation involving nitro allyl derivatives. This borylation reaction, which exploits the high versatility of the aforementioned precursor, tolerates a variety of functional groups and allows practical, scalable, and highly straightforward access to diversely substituted allylboronic esters in high yields. The method was also extended to allyl sulfones, which provides a very complementary approach, offering additional structural diversity along with improved stereoselectivities.

Molecular Basis for Short-Chain Thioester Hydrolysis by Acyl Hydrolases in -Acyltransferase Polyketide Synthases.

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are multidomain enzymatic assembly lines that biosynthesize a wide selection of bioactive natural products from simple building blocks. In contrast to their -acyltransferase (AT) counterparts, -AT PKSs rely on stand-alone ATs to load extender units onto acyl carrier protein (ACP) domains embedded in the core PKS machinery. -AT PKS gene clusters also encode stand-alone acyl hydrolases (AHs), which are predicted to share the overall fold of ATs but function like type II thioesterases (TEs), hydrolyzing aberrant acyl chains from ACP domains to promote biosynthetic efficiency.

Therapeutic potential of against monkeypox: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and computational insights.

Background: Monkeypox (Mpox) is a re-emerging zoonotic disease with limited therapeutic options, necessitating the exploration of novel antiviral agents. (turmeric) is a widely used medicinal plant known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, primarily attributed to its bioactive curcuminoids.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of aqueous extract (CAE) against monkeypox through phytochemical characterization, biological assays, and computational analyses.

Colo-colic intussusception secondary to a giant lipoma: A case report.

Intussusception in adults is a rare condition often associated with a pathological lead point, which is frequently malignant but can occasionally be benign, such as colonic lipomas. We report the case of a 60-year-old male who presented with colicky abdominal pain, and a computed tomography (CT) revealed a colo-colic intussusception caused by a 6 cm lipoma in the transverse colon, accompanied by ischemic changes in the colonic mucosa. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy, and histopathology confirmed the benign nature of the lesion.

NISCAHN: a phase II trial of nivolumab in patients with salivary gland carcinoma (Unicancer ORL-08).

Objective: Salivary gland cancers (SGC) are rare cancers with currently no standard treatment for recurrent/metastatic disease. Based on checkpoint inhibitors benefit in a broad range of tumours, NIvolumab in Salivary gland CArcinoma of the Head and Neck (NISCAHN) evaluated nivolumab efficacy in SGC.

Methods And Analysis: In this phase II single-stage Fleming design, patients with SGC with a progressive disease progression within 6 months prior to entering the study, were divided into ACC (adenoid cytic carcinoma) and non-ACC.

Predictive biomarkers and specific immune responses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in patients with cancer: prospective results from the CACOV-VAC trial.

Objective: Vaccinated patients with cancer in follow-up studies showed a high seropositivity rate but impaired antibody titres and T cell responses following mRNA vaccine against COVID-19. Besides clinical characteristics and the type of anticancer treatment before vaccination, the identification of patients susceptible to non-response following vaccination using immunological markers is worth to be investigated.

Methods And Analysis: All patients (n=138, solid cancers) were included in the CACOV-VAC Study comprising three cohorts ((neo)-adjuvant, metastatic and surveillance).

The role of conscious attention in auditory statistical learning: Evidence from patients with impaired consciousness.

The need for attention to enable statistical learning is debated. Testing individuals with impaired consciousness offers valuable insight, but very few studies have been conducted due to the difficulties inherent in such studies. Here, we examined the ability of patients with varying levels of disorders of consciousness (DOC) to extract statistical regularities from an artificial language composed of randomly concatenated pseudowords by measuring frequency tagging in EEG.

Identifying the Activated Carbon Electrode Aging Pathways in Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors.

This paper reports on several mechanisms of carbon aging in a hybrid lithium-ion capacitor operating with 1 mol L LiPF in an ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate 1:1 vol/vol electrolyte. Carbon electrodes were subjected to a constant polarization protocol (i.e.

Exploiting the inherent promiscuity of the acyl transferase of the stambomycin polyketide synthase for the mutasynthesis of analogues.

The polyketide specialized metabolites of bacteria are attractive targets for generating analogues, with the goal of improving their pharmaceutical properties. Here, we aimed to produce C-26 derivatives of the giant anti-cancer stambomycin macrolides using a mutasynthesis approach, as this position has been shown previously to directly impact bioactivity. For this, we leveraged the intrinsically broad specificity of the acyl transferase domain (AT) of the modular polyketide synthase (PKS), which is responsible for the alkyl branching functionality at this position.

Surgical Repair of Anatomically Corrected Malposition of the Great Arteries Associated With Ventricular Septal Defect.

Anatomically corrected malposition (ACM) of the great arteries is an exceedingly rare congenital heart disease. This conotruncal anomaly manifests with an L-malposition of the aorta (situs solitus, D loop, aorta to the left of the pulmonary artery) with normal ventriculoarterial concordance. A 14-month-old boy presented with an ACM associated with a ventricular septal defect that was successfully repaired.

P2X7R antagonism suppresses long-lasting brain hyperexcitability following traumatic brain injury in mice.

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most common life-quality reducing consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, to date there are no pharmacological approaches to predict or to prevent the development of PTE. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a cationic ATP-dependent membrane channel that is expressed throughout the brain.

Impact of pathogenic mutations of the GLUT1 glucose transporter on solute carrier dynamics using ComDYN enhanced sampling.

The solute carrier (SLC) family of membrane proteins is a large class of transporters for many small molecules that are vital for cellular function. Several pathogenic mutations are reported in the glucose transporter subfamily SLC2, causing Glut1-deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS1, GLUT1DS2), epilepsy (EIG2) and cryohydrocytosis with neurological defects (Dystonia-9). Understanding the link between these mutations and transporter dynamics is crucial to elucidate their role in the dysfunction of the underlying transport mechanism, which we investigate using molecular dynamics simulations.

Inflammation biomarkers and Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study using NULISAseq.

Introduction: Increasing evidence links amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation with inflammation. This pilot study investigated the use of an immunoassay panel to map biomarker changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, we evaluated the stability of protein quantification after multiple freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs).

Water-Soluble Mn(III)-Porphyrins with High Relaxivity and Photosensitization.

Three water-soluble Mn(III)-porphyrin complexes with cationic pyridyl side groups bearing COOH- or OH-terminated carbon chains in the meta or para positions have been synthesized as probes for both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The complexes , , and are highly water-soluble, and their relaxivities range between 10 and 15 mM s, at 20-80 MHz and 298 K, 2-3 times higher than that of commercial Gd(III)-based agents. The complexes containing carboxylate () or alcoholic () side chains in the para position are endowed with higher relaxivities and have also shown efficient photoinduced DNA cleavage and singlet oxygen (O) generation.