Communicating scientific evidence: drugs for Alzheimer's disease as a case study.

This paper reviews the scientific evidence on new anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for treating Alzheimer's disease as a case study for improving scientific evidence communication. We introduce five guidelines condensed from the biomedical evidence literature but adapted to the short format of science communication in e.g.

SMARCB1-deficient malignant melanocytic uveal tumours: a new neural crest-derived tumour entity with SMARCB1-related germline predisposition.

Rhabdoid tumours (RT) are an aggressive malignancy affecting <2-year-old infants, characterised by biallelic loss-of-function alterations in SWI/SNF-related BAF chromatin remodelling complex subunit B1 (SMARCB1) in nearly all cases. Germline SMARCB1 alterations are found in ~30% of patients and define the RT Predisposition Syndrome type 1 (RTPS1). Uveal melanoma (UVM), the most common primary intraocular cancer in adults, does not harbour SMARCB1 alterations.

Ultrasensitive Chemiresistive Gas Sensors Based on Dual-Mesoporous Zinc Stannate Composites for Room Temperature Rice Quality Monitoring.

The integration of dual-mesoporous structures, the construction of heterojunctions, and the incorporation of highly concentrated oxygen vacancies are pivotal for advancing metal oxide-based gas sensors. Nonetheless, achieving an optimal design that simultaneously combines mesoporous structures, precise heterojunction modulation, and controlled oxygen vacancies through a one-step process remains challenging. This study proposes an innovative method for fabricating zinc stannate semiconductors featuring dual-mesoporous structures and tunable oxygen vacancies via a direct solution precursor plasma spray technique.

Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Apixaban in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Haemodialysis.

Background And Objective: Apixaban is increasingly being used for stroke prevention in patients with end-stage kidney disease with atrial fibrillation undergoing haemodialysis, but no pharmacostatistical model is available for dosage adjustment. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of apixaban in these patients to characterise its dialytic clearance and determine optimal dosing regimens and discontinuation timing before surgery.

Methods: Patients received 2.

Improving benign paroxysmal positional vertigo management in the emergency department: A longitudinal study post-GRACE-3.

Background: Vertigo is a priority for training and decision support in emergency departments (ED). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), though manageable at bedside, remains frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. This study assessed the effectiveness of a two-tiered educational intervention on posterior and horizontal BPPV management in the ED setting.

Huscher modified technique for robotic pancreaticojejunostomy: a video report.

Pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) is a critical step in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), often complicated by the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). This video report demonstrates a novel robotic PJ technique employing a self-expandable metallic stent. The method involves the use of the Da Vinci Xi robotic system and the WallFlex™ Biliary RX Stent for improved anastomotic support, particularly in high-risk cases defined by soft pancreatic texture and narrow duct diameter (<3 mm).

Pollen-Derived Fatty Acids and Amino Acids Mediate Variance in Pollinator Visitation.

Pollinators help maintain functional landscapes and are sensitive to floral nutritional quality. Both proteins and lipids influence pollinator foraging, but the role of individual biochemical components in pollen remains unclear. We conducted an experiment comprising common garden plots of six plant species (Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Onagraceae, Boraginaceae, and Plantaginaceae).

Characterizing the underlying microangiopathy of deep cerebellar intracerebral hemorrhage.

Introduction: While cerebral amyloid angiopathy is likely responsible for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) occurring in superficial (grey matter, vermis) cerebellar locations, it is unclear whether hypertensive arteriopathy (HA), the other major cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), is associated with cerebellar ICH (cICH) in deep (white matter, deep nuclei, cerebellar peduncle) regions. We tested the hypothesis that HA-associated neuroimaging markers are significantly associated with deep cICH compared to superficial cICH.

Patients And Methods: Brain MRI scans from consecutive non-traumatic cICH patients admitted to a referral center were analyzed for cSVD markers.

Blood management protocol for baseline anemic patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.

Introduction: Patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) with preoperative anemia are at higher risk for transfusion. Blood-conserving interventions can reduce perioperative transfusions. This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a patient blood management (PBM) protocol in elective primary THA patients with preoperative anemia.

Associations of Global Burden of Diseases study-derived dietary scores with mortality and chronic disease risk: a comprehensive analysis from the prospective NutriNet-Santé study.

The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) network has proposed theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) for leading risk factors associated with diet that minimize the risk of morbimortality from chronic diseases. TMREL can be applied to develop follow-up or evaluation indicators in individual studies. The validity of these scores can be tested by assessing associations with health outcomes in prospective cohorts.

Favorable long-term cognitive outcomes following recurrent ARIA linked to amyloid-lowering therapies: two cases.

Introduction: The large-scale approval of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) has raised concerns about their safety due to treatment-emergent amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA).

Methods: We present two cases of patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment due to AD who were enrolled in the GRADUATE I clinical trial. They received subcutaneous gantenerumab every two weeks during the study period.

Curative and preemptive treatment of amputee pain by targeted muscle reinnervation: experience from a French military trauma center.

Introduction: Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a technique that has proven effective for the treatment and prevention of chronic pain following amputation, though its adoption remains limited. The authors report on their initial experience using TMR.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a military trauma center involving traumatic amputees treated with either curative or preemptive TMR.

Efficacy and complications of the induced membrane technique for immediate bone reconstruction in complex hand injuries.

Purpose: To report the radiological outcomes and complications of the Masquelet induced membrane technique (IMT) for acute bone reconstruction in complex hand injuries.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 22 patients treated primarily by the IMT for bone defect of the phalanx and/or metacarpals bones in 26 injured digits. The median bone defect length was 17 mm (IQR 13-25).

A multivariable prediction model for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure (IPA-GRRR-OH score).

Purpose: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis is often made late, with mortality reaching 90% when mechanical ventilation is needed. We sought to develop and validate a risk prediction model for the diagnosis of IPA.

Response to functional restoration in non-specific chronic low back pain with Modic type 1 changes.

Purpose: Little information exists on the potential differential response to functional restoration between non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) individuals with and those without Modic type 1 changes. Therefore, this case-control study investigated the response profile of NSCLBP patients with and without Modic type 1 changes undergoing functional restoration.

Methods: The present study included patients participating in a functional restoration program (day-hospital program lasting five weeks) at a French tertiary care center from 2009 to 2019.

Trichogerminoma with malignant transformation.

Trichogerminoma (TG) is a rare adnexal tumor with hair follicle differentiation with less than 50 cases reported in the literature. In 2022, by investigating the genetic profile of 21 cases, our group identified recurrent rearrangements of the GRHL1/2/3 genes in this tumor entity, suggesting such alteration as the main oncogenic driver in TG. Up to now, only one TG case of malignant transformation has been reported.

External validation of a CT score for predicting ischaemia in adhesive small-bowel obstruction.

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic accuracy, in a validation cohort, of a score based on three CT items, which has shown good performance for predicting ischaemia complicating acute adhesive small-bowel obstruction (SBO).

Methods: This retrospective single-centre study of diagnostic accuracy included consecutive patients admitted for acute adhesive SBO in 2015-2022, who were treated conservatively or underwent surgery within 24 h after CT. The gold standard for ischaemia was an intraoperative diagnosis for operated patients, while the absence of ischaemia was confirmed either by its absence during surgery or by clinical follow-up in patients who did not undergo surgery.

Prognostic value of coronary plaque composition in symptomatic patients with obstructive coronary artery disease.

Objectives: To determine whether plaque composition analysis defined by cardiac CT can provide incremental prognostic value above coronary artery disease (CAD) burden markers in symptomatic patients with obstructive CAD.

Materials And Methods: Between 2009 and 2019, a multicentric registry included all consecutive symptomatic patients with obstructive CAD (at least one ≥ 50% stenosis on CCTA) and was followed for major adverse cardiovascular (MACE) defined by cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Each coronary segment was scored visually for both the degree of stenosis and composition of plaque, which were classified as non-calcified, mixed, or calcified.

Role of Heterogeneous Reactions in the Atmospheric Oxidizing Capacity in Island Environments.

The source of nitrous acid (HONO) and its importance in island or marine environments are poorly understood. Herein, based on comprehensive field measurements at a hilltop on Corsica Island, we find an inverse diel variation of HONO with higher concentrations during daytime. Night-time HONO budget analysis indicates significant HONO formation during air mass transport along the hillside.

Molecular study of the status of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats in Haiti.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis, commonly known as the rat lungworm, causes Eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of this parasite in rats in Haiti. Rats were trapped at 8 sites, 7 in Artibonite (rural region) and one in an urban area of Port-au-Prince.

Interactions among Zinc, Iron, and Paraquat in the Physiological and Toxicological Responses of the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm .

Agricultural pollutants co-interact and affect the vital functions, stress tolerance, resistance, immunity, and survival of insect pests. These metal-herbicide interactions have inevitable but remarkable effects on insects, which remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of the interactions among zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and paraquat (PQ) at a sublethal dose on the physiological response of the Egyptian cotton leafworm .

Does Clostridium Perfringens Epsilon Toxin Mimic an Auto-Antigen Involved in Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated neurological disorder, characterized by progressive demyelination and neuronal cell loss in the central nervous system. Many possible causes of MS have been proposed, including genetic factors, environmental triggers, and infectious agents. Recently, epsilon toxin (ETX) has been incriminated in MS, based initially on the isolation of the bacteria from a MS patient, combined with an immunoreactivity to ETX.

Viscoelastic Study of Hemostasis Disorders Associated with Envenoming in North Benin Using a Quantra Analyzer.

envenomings are a public health problem in West Africa, leading to bleeding and hypocoagulability. The aim of this study was to assess the hemostasis disorders associated with envenoming. Envenomed patients with an abnormal whole blood clotting test (WBCT) were prospectively included at Tanguiéta, Benin.