Transplant-Free Approach in Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Retrieval strategies for children, adolescents, and young adults with relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) aim to maintain efficacy while minimizing long-term toxic effects. Children, adolescents, and young adults with low-risk, relapsed cHL may benefit from replacing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant with less intensive involved-site radiotherapy (ISRT).

Objective: To evaluate a risk-stratified, response-adapted, transplant-free approach for treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with low-risk relapsed cHL with nivolumab plus brentuximab vedotin (BV) followed by BV plus bendamustine for patients with suboptimal response and ISRT (30.

Transplant and Nontransplant Salvage Therapy in Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: The EuroNet-PHL-R1 Phase 3 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The current standard-of-care salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) includes consolidation high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT)/autologous stem cell transplant (aSCT).

Objective: To investigate whether presalvage risk factors and fludeoxyglucose-18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) response to reinduction chemotherapy can guide escalation or de-escalation between HDCT/aSCT or transplant-free consolidation with radiotherapy to minimize toxic effects while maintaining high cure rates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: EuroNet-PHL-R1 was a nonrandomized clinical trial that enrolled patients younger than 18 years with first relapsed/refractory cHL across 68 sites in 13 countries in Europe between January 2007 and January 2013.

Backtracking Cell Phylogenies in the Human Brain with Somatic Mosaic Variants.

Somatic mosaic variants, and especially somatic single nucleotide variants (sSNVs), occur in progenitor cells in the developing human brain frequently enough to provide permanent, unique, and cumulative markers of cell divisions and clones. Here, we describe an experimental workflow to perform lineage studies in the human brain using somatic variants. The workflow consists in two major steps: (1) sSNV calling through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of bulk (non-single-cell) DNA extracted from human fresh-frozen tissue biopsies, and (2) sSNV validation and cell phylogeny deciphering through single nuclei whole-genome amplification (WGA) followed by targeted sequencing of sSNV loci.

Multicolor Cell Lineage Tracing Using MAGIC Markers Strategies.

Multicolor MAGIC Markers strategies are useful lineage tracing tools to study brain development at a multicellular scale. In this chapter, we describe an in utero electroporation method to simultaneously label multiple neighboring progenitors and their respective progeny using these multicolor reporters. In utero electroporation enables the introduction of any gene of interest into embryonic neural progenitors lining the brain ventricles through a simple pipeline consisting of a micro-injection followed by the application of electrical pulses.

Anatomical study of the vascularization of the pedicled osteo-myo-cutaneous scapulo-dorsal flap.

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to conduct a radioanatomical study of the osteo-myo-cutaneous scapulo-dorsal pedicled flap.

Methods: A radiological study was performed to study the anatomical variations of the dorsal scapular pedicle (origin, course of the deep branch of the dorsal scapular artery (DSA) in relation to the medial border of the scapula, perforators from the superficial branch of the DSA). Perforators from the superficial branch of the DSA were also identified on anatomical subjects, and their cutaneous vascular territory was determined.

How to Study Gene Expression and Gain of Function of Hoxb1 in Mouse Heart Development.

Anterior Hox genes are required for genetic identity and anterior posterior patterning of the second heart field (SHF), which contributes to the formation of the embryonic heart in vertebrates. Defective contribution of SHF cells to the arterial or venous pole of the heart is often associated with severe congenital heart defects. The mouse Cre-lox system allows the activation of expression of any gene of interest in restricted tissues.

Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) with Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM) to Analyze Hox/Cofactor Interactions at the Super Resolution Scale in Drosophila Salivary Glands.

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) is a powerful molecular imaging method used to visualize protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in living cells or organisms. BiFC is based on the reassociation of hemi-fragments of a monomeric fluorescent protein upon spatial proximity. It is compatible with conventional light microscopy, providing a resolution that is constrained by the diffraction of light to around 250 nm.

DPYD genotype should be extended to rare variants: report on two cases of phenotype / genotype discrepancy.

The enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the primary catabolic pathway of fluoropyrimidines including 5 fluorouracil (5FU) and capecitabine. Cases of lethal toxicity have been reported in cancer patients with complete DPD deficiency receiving standard dose of 5FU or capecitabine. DPD is encoded by the pharmacogene DPYD in which more than 200 variants have been identified.

FAIR data - the photon and neutron communities move together towards open science.

The topic of data storage, traceability, and data use and reuse in the years following experiments is becoming an important topic in Europe and across the world. Many scientific communities are striving to create open data by the FAIR principles. This is a requirement from the European Commission for EU-funded projects and experiments at EU-funded research infrastructures (RIs) and from many national funding agencies.

Loop gain and central chemosensitivity assessment as a valuable tool in guiding treatment decisions for central sleep apnea in children.

This study presents two cases of central sleep apnea syndrome in children, highlighting the utility of assessing ventilatory control stability, particularly loop gain and central chemosensitivity in treatment decision-making. In the first case, elevated loop gain for oxygen correlated with periodic breathing, leading to successful treatment with supplemental oxygen in a 13 year-old boy with Prader-Willi-like syndrome. Conversely, in the second case, dealing with a 10 year-old girl with tumor in the brainstem-spinal cord junction, reduced loop gain prompted treatment with nocturnal non-invasive ventilation.

Interlaboratory assays from the fungal PCR Initiative and the Modimucor Study Group to improve qPCR detection of Mucorales DNA in serum: one more step toward standardization.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to identify parameters influencing DNA extraction and PCR amplification efficiencies in an attempt to standardize Mucorales qPCR. The Fungal PCR Initiative Mucorales Laboratory Working Group distributed two panels of simulated samples to 26 laboratories: Panel A (six sera spiked with Mucorales DNA and one negative control serum) and Panel B (six Mucorales DNA extracts). Panel A underwent DNA extraction in each laboratory according to the local procedure and were sent to a central laboratory for testing using three different qPCR techniques: one in-house qPCR assay and two commercial assays (MucorGenius and Fungiplex).

Persistence of human Aichi virus infectivity from raw surface water to drinking water.

Human Aichi virus 1 (AiV-1) is a water- and food-borne infection-associated picornavirus that causes gastroenteritis in humans. Recent studies on environmental waters showed a high frequency and abundance of AiV-1, suggesting that it might be an appropriate indicator of fecal contamination. We screened 450 surface and drinking water samples from a Tunisian drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) and the Sidi Salem dam for AiV-1 by real time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR).

Increasing rates of (B) and (N) in human and erythromycin-resistant isolates between 2018 and 2023 in France.

Macrolides are the first-line compounds used for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. Macrolide resistance remains low in France, with mutations in being the main associated resistance mechanism. However, two erythromycin methyltransferases have also been identified(B), which is mainly described in animal reservoirs, and (N), which is strictly described in humans.

Systolic Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure in Heart Failure: Pooled Participant-Level Analysis of 4 Trials.

Background: Hypertension is common in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF), and current guidelines recommend treating systolic blood pressure (SBP) to a target <130 mm Hg. However, data supporting treatment to this target are limited. Additionally, pulse pressure (PP), a marker of aortic stiffness, has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, but its prognostic impact in HFpEF has not been extensively studied.

Deciphering the biosynthetic landscape of biofilms in glacier-fed streams.

Unlabelled: Glacier-fed streams are permanently cold, ultra-oligotrophic, and physically unstable environments, yet microbial life thrives in benthic biofilm communities. Within biofilms, microorganisms rely on secondary metabolites for communication and competition. However, the diversity and genetic potential of secondary metabolites in glacier-fed stream biofilms remain poorly understood.

Simple A-D-A Nonfullerene Acceptors for Efficient Binary Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells.

Two new nonfused ring nonfullerene electron acceptors, NFAs, (dicarbazolyl)bis(2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile) () and -(2-(5,6-fluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile) (), thus exhibiting an A-D-A motif, were synthesized and characterized. As thin films, they exhibit the lowest energy absorption signature near 540 nm, extending down to ∼700 nm. This band is due to an intramolecular charge transfer process from the (nonfused dicarbazoyl; ) moiety to the malononitrile-based units () based on density functional theory calculations (DFT), which are also corroborated by time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) computations.

A theoretical study on the environmental oxidation of fenpyrazamine fungicide initiated by hydroxyl radicals in the aqueous phase.

Fenpyrazamine (FPA) is a widely used fungicide in agriculture to control fungal diseases, but its environmental degradation by oxidants and the formation of potential degradation products remain unexplored. This study investigates the oxidation of FPA by hydroxyl radicals (HO˙) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. Three standard oxidation mechanisms, including formal hydrogen transfer (FHT), radical adduct formation (RAF), and single electron transfer (SET), were evaluated in the aqueous phase, with reaction kinetics analyzed over a temperature range of 283-333 K.

Systematic study of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for enhanced electrochemical aldehyde sensing.

Four distinct zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are prepared using zinc and cobalt ions with 2-aminobenzimidazole and 2-methylimidazole as linkers to explore their electrochemical properties as platforms for aldehyde detection. The resulting ZIF-based sensors exhibit high sensitivity, low detection limits, and robust performance when applied to real-world samples.

[Investigation of Resistance Nodulation Division (RND) Efflux Pump and OPRD Expression Levels in Antibiotic Resistance of Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates].

The increasing antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, responsible for both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections, is of global significance. The primary mechanisms contributing to resistance development in P.aeruginosa include the increased activity of efflux pumps, decreased permeability of outer membrane porins and the production of carbapenemases.

Numerical modeling of hydrogel scaffold anisotropy during extrusion-based 3D printing for tissue engineering.

Extrusion-based 3D printing is a widely utilized tool in tissue engineering, offering precise 3D control of bioinks to construct organ-sized biomaterial objects with hierarchically organized cellularized scaffolds. Topological properties in flowing polymers are determined by macromolecule conformation, namely orientation and stretch degree. We utilized the micro-macro approach to describe hydrogel macromolecule orientation during extrusion, offering a two-scale fluid behavior description.

Ampullary composite gangliocytoma/neuroma and neuroendocrine tumor management.

Ampullary composite gangliocytoma/neuroma and neuroendocrine tumor (CoGNET), previously called ampullary gangliocytic paragangliomas (GP) are a rare entity, with only few reported cases in the literature. This is a multicentric retrospective cohort of patients treated with endoscopy or surgery for ampullary CoGNET. A literature review of ampullary CoGNET was also performed.

Preclinical Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very challenging disease with a very poor prognosis. It is characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma that hampers drug penetration and limits the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy (CT). As an alternative, the combination of CT with hyperthermia (HT) has been proposed as an innovative treatment modality for PDAC.

Treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with complex Crohn's perianal fistula in five European countries: the PREFACE study.

Background And Study Aims: Crohn's disease (CD) is often complicated by perianal fistulas or abscesses that worsen patient's quality of life, with 52-88% of CD-related perianal fistulas (CPFs) being complex. This retrospective study describes sociodemographic characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with complex CPFs in five European countries.

Patients And Methods: PREFACE is a multi-national medical chart review study of CD patients who started medical or surgical treatment for a new episode of complex CPFs between September 2011 and September 2014 (index date).

Conformational effects in the identification and quantification of ketohydroperoxides in the oxidation of -pentane.

Stereochemistry plays a key role in both fundamental chemical processes and the dynamics of a large set of molecular systems of importance in chemistry, medicine and biology. Predicting the chemical transformations of organic precursors in such environments requires detailed kinetic models based on laboratory data. Reactive intermediates play a critical role in constraining the models but their identification and especially their quantification remain challenging.