Automated Cone Beam Computed Tomography Segmentation of Multiple Impacted Teeth With or Without Association to Rare Diseases: Evaluation of Four Deep Learning-Based Methods.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of three commercially available and one open-source deep learning (DL) solutions for automatic tooth segmentation in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients with multiple dental impactions.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients (20 CBCT scans) were selected from a retrospective cohort of individuals with multiple dental impactions. For each CBCT scan, one reference segmentation and four DL segmentations of the maxillary and mandibular teeth were obtained.

Hierarchical chirality observed from chiral supramolecular assembling of racemic and enantiopure helicene derivatives on silica nanohelix surfaces.

Cast films of racemic helicene derivatives adsorbed onto the surface of nanometric silica helices with controlled handedness exhibited distinct CD signals, whereas no CD signal was observed in the absence of silica nanohelices. These CD signals originate from the helical supramolecular assemblies formed by the racemic mixture of helicenes, with no evidence of enantiospecific adsorption. Interestingly, when enantiomerically pure forms of these helicenes were drop-cast onto the silica helices, different CD spectra were observed depending on the combination of the helicenes' handedness with that of the silica nanohelices.

Understanding Noninferiority Trials: What Stroke Specialists Should Know.

Noninferiority trials aim to prove that the efficacy, defined in terms of a key clinical outcome, of a new treatment is not meaningfully worse than that of an established active control. Noninferiority trials are important when other aspects of care can be improved, such as convenience, toxicity, costs, and safety (nonefficacy benefits). While the motivation for a noninferiority trial is straightforward, the design, execution, and interpretation of these trials is not a trivial task.

FLI1 and GATA1 govern transcription: new insights into FLI1-related platelet disorders.

Germline variants of FLI1, essential for megakaryopoiesis, are linked to bleeding disorders, platelet aggregation defects and mild thrombocytopenia. However, the mechanisms behind these abnormalities remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the impact of FLI1 variants on human megakaryocytes and platelets.

Prostate Cancer Patients' Perceptions Regarding the Relevance of a Digital Rectal Examination During Their Follow-Up After Radiation Therapy.

Background: Prostate cancer is an example of the undervaluation of clinical examinations in care of patients. After external radiotherapy, cancer recurrence is primarily determined biologically by measuring prostate-specific antigen concentration. Consequently, there is no systematic requirement for the digital rectal examination (DRE).

Achieving inter- and transdisciplinarity in Ecohealth: insights from a rodent-borne disease project in a polycrisis era.

Introduction: Inter- and transdisciplinary research (ITDR) is increasingly promoted to address "wicked problems", particularly in health sectors adopting approaches like Ecohealth. Our Ecohealth-inspired project on rodent-borne diseases, initiated just before the COVID-19 pandemic, provided an opportunity to evaluate ITDR implementation.

Methods: We employed a recently developed semi-quantitative evaluation method to measure our project's success in achieving ITDR and analyzed factors influencing this achievement.

From sociolinguistic perception to strategic action in the study of social meaning.

We present a new paradigm investigating social meaning through strategic action. More precisely, we present an experimental technique (a textual role-playing game developed with the Ren'Py engine), which we view as an enrichment of the matched-guise technique (MGT). In this paradigm the explicit response scales of the MGT are substituted for strategic choices in a video game.

Sign recognition: the effect of parameters and features in sign mispronunciations.

We investigate the degree to which mispronounced signs can be accommodated by signers of French Sign Language (LSF). Using an offline judgment task, we examine both the individual contributions of three parameters - handshape, movement, and location - to sign recognition, and the impact of the individual features that were manipulated to obtain the mispronounced signs. Results indicate that signers judge mispronounced handshapes to be less damaging for well-formedness than mispronounced locations or movements.

Applying a two-stage generalized synthetic control approach to quantify the heterogeneous health effects of extreme weather events: A 2018 large wildfire in California event as a case study.

Extreme weather events, including wildfires, are becoming more intense, frequent, and expansive due to climate change, thus increasing negative health outcomes. However, such effects can vary across space, time, and population subgroups, requiring methods that can handle multiple exposed units, account for time-varying confounding, and capture heterogeneous treatment effects. In this article, we proposed an approach based on staggered generalized synthetic control methods to study heterogeneous health effects, using the 2018 California wildfire season as a case study.

Ensuring the Safety of Locally Sourced Alcohols for Hand Sanitizer Production During the SARS-CoV-2 Crisis: A Comprehensive Impurity Analysis.

Amid the early 2020 SARS-CoV-2 crisis, severe hand sanitizer shortages led to OMS local production recommendations, inviting a diverse array of alcohol producers to contribute. However, not all followed mandatory controls for API-grade alcohol. We conducted a study to ensure the safety of the received alcohols, focusing on methanol and acetaldehyde levels.

Modeling inactivation of non-proteolytic type B spores in a plant-based fish alternative.

Our study aims to assess the thermal inactivation of non-proteolytic type B spores in a plant-based fish and to evaluate the potential of alternative heat treatments at temperatures below the safe harbor guidelines established for vacuum-packed chilled products of extended durability. First, the heat resistance of the spore suspension was determined using capillary tubes in potassium phosphate buffer at 80°C. The D value was estimated to be 0.

as an emerging rare cause of septicemia among neonates and children in Western Uttar Pradesh: A case series.

Background And Purpose: is a recently emerging nosocomial fungal pathogen. Candidemia is the fourth most prevalent cause of bloodstream Infections with mortality rates varying from 5-71%.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, India, from September 2023 to February 2024.

Enteral Feeding in Patients With Open Abdomen and Negative Pressure Therapy: A Propensity Score Analysis.

Introduction: In critically ill surgical patients treated with open abdomen and negative pressure therapy (OA/NPT), the association between nutritional support and clinical outcome is still controversial. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of enteral nutritional support during the acute phase (i.e.

Comparative Outcomes of Warfarin vs. Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) in Anticoagulant-Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Single-Center Study.

Background: The management of thromboembolic risk and the necessity for timely hemorrhage control make anticoagulant-related gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding clinically challenging.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes (such as bleeding control and mortality) and the effectiveness of anticoagulation reversal techniques in patients with anticoagulant-related GI bleeding in emergency settings.

Methodology: This prospective, observational study conducted at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from January to December 2023, included patients aged 18 or older with GI bleeding on warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

First clinical utility of sensing Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (sULM): identifying renal pseudotumors.

Renal pseudotumors, which mimic tumors on imaging, pose diagnostic challenges that can lead to unnecessary interventions. Sensing ultrasound localization microscopy (sULM) is an advanced imaging technique that uses ultrasound imaging and microbubbles as sensors to visualize kidney functional units. This study aims to investigate whether sULM could differentiate between renal pseudotumors and tumors based on the presence of glomeruli.

AGMA-PESS: a deep learning-based infant pose estimator and sequence selector software for general movement assessment.

The General Movement Assessment (GMA) is a validated evaluation of brain maturation essential to shaping early individual developmental trajectories of preterm infants. To ensure a reliable GMA, preterm infants should be recorded for 30 to 60 min before manually selecting at least three sequences with general movements. This time-consuming task of manually selecting short video sequences from lengthy recordings impedes its implementation within the Neonatal Unit.

Cardiovascular risk profile with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP: comparing Portugal, Spain, Italy, and France using the new European predictive models.

Introduction: This study aims to characterize the cardiovascular risk profile in countries with low-to-moderate cardiovascular mortality risk (Italy, Portugal, France, and Spain) using the SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP models. It also examines regional variations and the involvement of healthcare professionals in performing risk assessments.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from 24,434 cardiovascular risk assessments performed between December 2022 and July 2023 through a digital application used by physicians.

Insight into the history and trends of liver transplantation for echinococcosis: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) has demonstrated favorable efficacy in managing end-stage alveolar echinococcosis. Nevertheless, the current research focal points and advancement trends remain ambiguous.

Aim: To map the research landscape to underscore critical areas of focus, influential studies, and future directions of LT for echinococcosis treatment.

The joint memory effect: challenging the selfish stigma in Huntington's disease?

The prevalent belief that individuals with Huntington's disease exhibit selfish behaviour, disregarding the thoughts, feelings and actions of others, has been challenged by patient organizations and clinical experts. To further investigate this issue and study whether participants with Huntington's disease can pay attention to others, a joint memory task was carried out in patients with Huntington's disease with and without a partner. This study involved 69 participants at an early stage of Huntington's disease and 56 healthy controls from the UK, France and Germany, who participated in the international Repair-HD multicentre study (NCT03119246).

Robot-assisted laparoscopic continent cutaneous urinary diversion in adults: A single-centre study.

Objectives: To show that robot-assisted laparoscopic cutaneous continent urinary diversion (RALCCUD) is feasible and safe; however, data on clinical outcomes in adults are lacking.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all adults who underwent RALCCUD between 2017 and 2022 at a single tertiary reference centre.Patient characteristics, clinical information and perioperative outcomes were recorded.

Targeted microwave ablation of localised prostate cancer: Initial results of VIOLETTE trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the precision and safety of targeted microwave ablation (TMA) using organ-based tracking (OBT) fusion, in patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer.

Patients And Method: We conducted a prospective, multicentric trial. Eligible patients had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 20 ng/mL, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible index tumour of Gleason score 3 + 4, with largest axis ≤15 mm and distant of at least 5 mm from the rectum and apex.