Biomarkers.

Background: Cerebral pulsatility (PI) is reportedly higher in individuals with AD and MCI compared to age matched controls and has been associated with greater beta-amyloid (Aß) burden, but its relationship to other neurodegenerative biomarkers is unknown. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) positively affects vascular function and is associated with lower PI in several large cerebral vessels. The relationship between PI, CRF, and biomarkers for neurodegeneration have not yet been characterized.

Cognitive biases in osteopathic diagnosis: a mixed study among French osteopaths.

Objectives: Although cognitive biases are one of the most frequent causes of diagnostic errors, their influence remains underestimated in allied health professions, especially in osteopathy. Yet, a part of osteopathic clinical reasoning and diagnosis rely on the practitioner's intuition and subjective haptic perceptions. The aim of this study is to highlight links between the cognitive biases perceived by the practitioner to understand cognitive patterns during osteopathic diagnosis, and to suggest debiasing strategies.

Biomarkers.

Background: The heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lack of well-validated markers of co-pathologies present a substantial challenge for therapeutics. We previously found phenotypes defined by Tau (T) - Neurodegeneration (N) discordance linked to non-Alzheimer's pathologies (e.g.

Biomarkers.

Background: Social isolation (SI) and loneliness are related to several negative health outcomes, including cognitive decline and dementia. While both males and females experience increased SI as a function of age, studies have found that females experience greater loneliness than males, despite males reporting more physical isolation and smaller social networks. Females, independent of SI-status, are also at increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Biomarkers.

Background: NEuroBioStand is an EU-funded project aimed at developing a metrological research framework for standardising blood-based biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) with the objective of implementation and commercialisation of promising assays for NDD biomarkers fulfilling requirements of the in vitro diagnostic regulation (IVDR). P-tau is currently included in the AT(N) framework for AD diagnosis together with other biomarkers and amyloid-β and tau in CSF have been developed into regulatory approved biomarkers in CSF. The standardisation of the measurements for this biomarker is important to establish common cut-off values and reference ranges.

Biomarkers.

Background: The approval of anti-amyloid therapies has led to a breakthrough in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. However, given these treatments remain expensive and are associated with significant side effects, identifying patients that would, and importantly would not, benefit from treatment is crucial in optimizing costs and minimizing health risks. QyPredict®, an advanced machine learning-based predictive platform, has the potential to identify patients most likely to show cognitive decline, and may prove beneficial at prioritizing patient selection for therapies.

In Situ Infared Optical Fiber Sensor Monitoring Reactants and Products Changes during Photocatalytic Reaction.

An in situ monitoring reaction can better obtain the variations during the progression of the photocatalytic reaction. However, the complexity of the apparatus and the limited applicability of substances are the common challenges faced by most in situ monitoring methods. Here, we invented an in situ infrared optical fiber sensor to monitor the reactants and products during photocatalytic reaction.

Biomarkers.

Background: The medial temporal lobe's (MTL) early involvement in tau pathology makes it a key focus in the development of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. ROI analyses in prior studies reported significant MTL structural differences in cognitively normal individuals with and without β-amyloid (A+/-CN). Pointwise analysis, offering spatial information of early neurodegeneration, has potential to pinpoint "signature regions" of pathological change, but has been underexplored in the MTL.

Heterogeneous dynamics in aging phosphate-based geopolymer.

The time-evolution of dynamics as well as microstructure and mechanical response of phosphate-based geopolymers was probed using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and rheological tests. The analyzed relaxation processes in the freshly prepared geopolymer mixes evidenced a q-independent mode of the autocorrelation function, ascribed to density fluctuations of the already established molecular network, undergoing reconfiguration without significant mass transport. Upon curing, the detected motions are localized and depict a system evolving toward structural arrest dominated by slower hyperdiffusive dynamics, characterized by a compressed exponential regime, pointing to a structural relaxation process subjected to internal stresses, in a context of marked dynamical and structural heterogeneity.

Phase transitions in chromatin: Mesoscopic and mean-field approaches.

By means of a minimal physical model, we investigate the interplay of two phase transitions at play in chromatin organization: (1) liquid-liquid phase separation within the fluid solvating chromatin, resulting in the formation of biocondensates; and (2) the coil-globule crossover of the chromatin fiber, which drives the condensation or extension of the chain. In our model, a species representing a domain of chromatin is embedded in a binary fluid. This fluid phase separates to form a droplet rich in a macromolecule (B).

Biomarkers.

Background: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an astrocytic cytoskeletal protein and a promising blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. To date, the genetic architecture of plasma GFAP has not been characterized. We conducted a multi-ancestry meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in diverse population-based cohorts to identify genetic variants associated with plasma levels of GFAP and to investigate their implication for neurological diseases.

Sulfur functionalized diamondoid phosphines enable building nanocomposites interfacing sp-carbon and gold nanolayers.

Interfacing metal frameworks with carbon-based materials is attractive for the bottom-up construction of nanocomposite functional materials. The stepwise layering of difunctionalized diamantanes and gold metal from physical and chemical vapor deposition for the preparation of nanocomposites inverts the conventional preparation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and self-assemblies, where the metal is introduced first, and this method delivers metal surfaces with modified properties originating from the sp-carbon core. However, appropriate diamondoid candidates for such an approach are rare.

Nanopore adaptive sampling accurately detects nucleotide variants and improves the characterization of large-scale rearrangement for the diagnosis of cancer predisposition.

Background: Molecular diagnosis has become highly significant for patient management in oncology.

Methods: Here, 30 well-characterized clinical germline samples were studied with adaptive sampling to enrich the full sequence of 152 cancer predisposition genes. Sequencing was performed on Oxford Nanopore (ONT) R10.

Nitric oxide modulates contrast suppression in a subset of mouse retinal ganglion cells.

Neuromodulators have major influences on the regulation of neural circuit activity across the nervous system. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a prominent neuromodulator in many circuits and has been extensively studied in the retina. Here, it has been associated with the regulation of light adaptation, gain control, and gap junctional coupling, but its effect on the retinal output, specifically on the different types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), is still poorly understood.

Field-dependent relaxation profiles of biomolecular systems.

The function of biomolecular systems, including biological macromolecules, often crucially depends on their dynamics. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most informative methods used to study biomolecules and their internal mobility, with atomic resolution, in near-physiological conditions. NMR relaxation profiles, obtained from the field dependence of the nuclear relaxation rates, in particular, offer the possibility to probe dynamic processes over a wide range of time scales.

Cost-effectiveness of finerenone therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes in England & Wales: results of the FINE-CKD model.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The FIDELIO-DKD trial demonstrated that finerenone lowered the risk of renal and CV events in patients with CKD and T2D, regardless of cardiovascular disease history. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of finerenone added to background treatment (finerenone + BT) versus background treatment (BT) alone in patients with CKD and T2D from the perspective of the National Health Service in England and Wales.

A Double-Blind Comparative Study of burstDR Versus Tonic Epidural Motor Cortex Stimulation for the Treatment of Intractable Neuropathic Pain.

Background: Preliminary studies on epidural motor cortex stimulation (eMCS) for the treatment of drug-resistant neuropathic pain have supported the extension to novel stimulation waveforms, in particular burstDR. However, only a low level of evidence is available. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of burstDR versus tonic eMCS.

Approach to anaemia in gastrointestinal disease: A position paper by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee.

Anaemia is a frequent consequence of many gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children and it can even be the initial presenting symptom of underlying chronic GI disease. The definition of anaemia is age and gender-dependent and it can be classified based on pathophysiology, red cell morphology, and clinical presentation. Although nutritional deficiencies, including GI malabsorption of nutrients and GI bleeding, play a major role, other pathophysiologic mechanisms seen in chronic GI diseases, whether inflammatory (e.

DNA Methylation in Prostate Cancer: Clinical Implications and Potential Applications.

Background: Prostate cancer is a common cancer with a variable prognosis. Its management is currently guided by histological and biological markers such as the Gleason score and PSA. Developments in molecular biology are now making it possible to identify new targets for better classification of prostate cancer.

Developing Topics.

Background: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) has distinct cortical subregions that are differentially vulnerable to pathology and neurodegeneration in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, previous protocols for segmentation of MTL cortical subregions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vary substantially across research groups, and have been informed by different cytoarchitectonic definitions, precluding consistent interpretations. The Hippocampal Subfields Group aims to create a harmonized, histology-based protocol for segmentation of MTL cortical subregions that can reliably be applied to T2-weighted MRI with high in-plane resolution.

Developing Topics.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the extracellular accumulation of senile plaques composed of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and the intracellular deposition of neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau (Tp). Aβ induces a chronic neuroinflammation that contributes to the neurite network disorganization and finally neuronal death. Lecanemab, a humanized monoclonal antibody (Ab) that recognizes protofibrils/oligomers and prevents Aβ deposition, is the first US approved Ab for AD.

Developing Topics.

Background: Assessment of longitudinal hippocampal atrophy is a well-studied biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, most state-of-the-art measurements calculate changes directly from MRI images using image registration/segmentation, which may misreport head motion or MRI artifacts as neurodegeneration. We present a deep learning method Regional Deep Atrophy (RDA) that (1) estimates atrophy sensitive to progression by quantifying time-associated changes in images, especially in preclinical AD stage (as in DeepAtrophy (Dong et al.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Tau-PET imaging allows in-vivo detection of neurofibrillary tangles. One tau-PET tracer (i.e.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Locus coeruleus (LC) imaging using neuromelanin-sensitive (NM) MRI sequences is a promising biomarker for detecting early Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although automatic approaches have been developed to estimate LC integrity by measuring its intensity, these techniques most often rely on a single template built in a standardized space and/or depend on a number of voxels to be accounted that is defined a priori. Thus, these algorithms make it impossible to perform direct volumetric analyses and do not properly account for inter-individual anatomical variability.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Tau pathology and neurodegeneration in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are highly associated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the spatial pattern of neurodegeneration, contribution of individual tau inclusion types, and influence of MTL co-pathologies (i.e.