Intra-specific diversity and adaptation modify regime shifts dynamics under environmental change.

Environmental changes are a growing concern, as they exert pressures on ecosystems. In some cases, such changes lead to shifts in ecosystem structure. However, species can adapt to changes through evolution, and it is unclear how evolution interacts with regime shifts, which restricts ecosystem management strategies.

Laser induced oxidation Raman spectroscopy as an analysis tool for iridium-based oxygen evolution catalysts.

The study of degradation behavior of electrocatalysts in an industrial context calls for rapid and efficient analysis methods. Optical methods like Raman spectroscopy fulfil these requirements and are thus predestined for this purpose. However, the iridium utilized in proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEMEL) is Raman inactive in its metallic state.

Ion pairing in aqueous tetramethylammonium-acetate solutions by neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations.

Tetramethylammonium (TMA) is a ubiquitous cationic motif in biochemistry, found in the charged choline headgroup of membrane phospholipids and in tri-methylated lysine residues, which modulates histone-DNA interactions and impacts epigenetic mechanisms. TMA interactions with anionic species, particularly carboxylate groups of amino acid residues and extracellular sugars, are of substantial biological relevance, as these interactions mediate a wide range of cellular processes. This study investigates the molecular interactions between TMA and acetate, representing carboxylate-containing groups, using neutron scattering experiments complemented by force fields and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Fluorescent Artificial Receptor for Dopamine based on Molecular Recognition-driven Dynamic Covalent Chemistry in a Lipid Nanoreactor.

Molecular recognition and detection of small bioactive molecules, like neurotransmitters, remain a challenge for chemists, whereas nature found an elegant solution in form of protein receptors. Here, we introduce a concept of a dynamic artificial receptor that synergically combines molecular recognition with dynamic imine bond formation inside a lipid nanoreactor, inducing a fluorescence response. The designed supramolecular system combines a lipophilic recognition ligand derived from a boronic acid, a fluorescent aldehyde based on push-pull styryl pyridine and a phenol-based catalyst.

Catalytic reduction of imines with silylformates: Formation of silyl carbamates through CO2 insertion.

Silylformates are emerging surrogates of hydrosilanes, able to reduce carbonyl groups in transfer hydrosilylation reactions, with the concomitant release of CO2. In this work, a new reactivity is revealed for silylformates, in the presence of imines. Using ruthenium catalysts, and lithium iodide as a co-catalyst, imines are shown to undergo hydrocarboxysilylation by formal insertion of CO2 to the N-Si bond of silyl amine to yield silyl carbamates in excellent yields.

Plague in Small Mammals From an Endemic Focus of the Malagasy Central Highlands: A Longitudinal Survey With a Special Reference on Black Rats (Rattus rattus).

Plague, a zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, remains a major public health threat in several parts of the world, including Madagascar. Factors underlying long-term persistence and emergence of the pathogen remain poorly understood. We implemented a longitudinal survey to provide insights into plague reservoir ecology within an endemic focus.

Open frameworks in the NaMn(PO)F fluoro-pyrophosphates system.

Three new sodium manganese fluoro-pyrophosphate compounds, namely, NaMn(PO)F (I), NaMn(PO)F (II), and NaMn(PO)F (III), have been synthesized by heating a mixture of NaPF, NaPOF or NaHPO with different Mn sources in NaNO and KNO fluxes. The structures of the title compounds were characterized single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). II is characteristic of a shell of Na ions that encloses one [Mn(PO)F] unit, whereas I and III reveal three-dimensional (3D) frameworks that consist of MnO, Mn/NaOF octahedra or MnO octahedra and distorted MnO square pyramids with PO units, where Na cations reside in different-membered ring one-dimensional (1D) tunnels.

UBE2N: Hope on the Cancer Front, How to Inhibit This Promising Target Prospect?

UBE2N protein belongs to the UE2s family and plays a crucial role in DNA repair, making it an exciting target for the development of innovative anticancer therapies. With the aim of discovering UBE2N inhibitors (UBE2Ni), this perspective seeks to review and provide elements to guide the design of new compounds. We propose a chemoinformatic structural analysis of the protein and its areas of interaction with its different partners.

Impacts of immersive 3D videos on students' surgical learning compared to 2D videos: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Unlike other medical specialties, surgery is primarily learned through apprenticeship, by observing surgeons in action during operations. However, the increasing number of medical students and work-hour restrictions limit opportunities for learning in the operating room (OR). These circumstances call for novel technologies, such as immersive video.

Syphilis Point of Care Rapid Test and Immediate Treatment Evaluation (SPRITE) study: a mixed-methods implementation science research protocol of eight public health units in Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: Urgent, tailored and equitable action is needed to address the alarming rise in syphilis rates in Canada. In the last decade, the rates of infectious syphilis have increased by 345% in Ontario, Canada. Underserved populations-people who use drugs, un(der)housed individuals and those living in rural and remote areas-face unique social and healthcare challenges that increase their vulnerability to syphilis infections and hinder their access to timely diagnosis and treatment.

Cohort profile: the potentially preventable burden of community-acquired pneumonia in South African adults in the era of widespread PCV13 immunisation and antiretroviral therapy roll-out, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - the multicentre, multimethod PotPrev Study.

Purpose: In the setting of an established childhood pneumococcal vaccination programme with immediate initiation and treatment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLWH), the risk of adult pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not recently described. We aimed to investigate CAP incidence, recurrence, mortality, risk factors and microbiology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants: Adults aged ≥18 years were enrolled in three South African provinces from March 2019 to October 2021, with a brief halt during the initial COVID-19 lockdown.

Multicentre study conducted across centres in the USA, Europe and Australia to assess the safety and effectiveness of a bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation system for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in adults: a protocol for a pivotal, multicentre, open-label, single-arm study.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by blood oxygen desaturations and sleep disruptions manifesting undesirable consequences. Existing treatments including oral appliances, positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy and surgically altering the anatomy of the pharynx have drawbacks including poor long-term adherence or often involving irreversible, invasive procedures. Bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is a new treatment for managing OSA, and this study is intended to determine whether an HNS system is a safe and effective treatment option for adults with OSA.

Impact of alternative diagnostic labels for melanoma in situ on management choices and psychological outcomes: protocol for an online randomised study.

Introduction: A diagnosis of melanoma in situ presents negligible risk to a person's lifespan or physical well-being, but existing terminology makes it difficult for patients to distinguish these from higher risk invasive melanomas. This study aims to explore whether using an alternative label for melanoma in situ may influence patients' management choices and anxiety levels.

Methods And Analysis: This study is a between-subjects randomised online experiment, using hypothetical scenarios.

Influences on safety of intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring practices: a scoping review.

Objectives: Suboptimal intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring using cardiotocography has remained a persistent problem (EFM-CTG). We aimed to identify the range of influences on the safety of using EFM-CTG in practice.

Design: Scoping review to identify influences related to the practice of intrapartum EFM.

A phase II double-blind multicentre, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of alpelisib (BYL719) in paediatric and adult patients with Megalencephaly-CApillary malformation Polymicrogyria syndrome (MCAP): the SESAM study protocol.

Introduction: The megalencephaly capillary malformation polymicrogyria (MCAP syndrome) results from mosaic gain-of-function variants. The main clinical features are macrocephaly, somatic overgrowth, neurodevelopmental delay and brain anomalies. Alpelisib (Vijoice) is a recently FDA-approved PI3Kα-specific inhibitor for patients with PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS).

PAK3 pathogenic variant associated with sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy in a family with parental mosaicism.

Protein-activated kinases mediate spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity. PAK3 is part of the p21-activated kinases (PAKs) family of Ras-signaling serine/threonine kinases. Pathogenic variants in the X-linked gene PAK3 have been described in patients with neurodevelopmental syndromes.

Knee Anterior Laxity and Graft Maturation After Transphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: The failure rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in children and adolescents is a significant concern. Of the multitude of clinical factors that contribute to this risk, delayed maturation and graft laxity are potentially related and modifiable elements. The aim was to investigate knee anterior laxity and graft maturation in children and adolescents.

Impact of hyper- and hypothermia on cellular and whole-body physiology.

The incidence of heat-related illnesses and heatstroke continues to rise amidst global warming. Hyperthermia triggers inflammation, coagulation, and progressive multiorgan dysfunction, and, at levels above 40 °C, can even lead to cell death. Blood cells, particularly granulocytes and platelets, are highly sensitive to heat, which promotes proinflammatory and procoagulant changes.

Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is integral to cancer progression, impacting metastasis and treatment response. It consists of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules that interact to promote tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Elucidating the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the TME is crucial in understanding cancer progression and therapeutic challenges.

CRISPR/Cas9-editing of PRNP in Alpine goats.

Misfolding of the cellular PrP (PrP) protein causes prion disease, leading to neurodegenerative disorders in numerous mammalian species, including goats. A lack of PrP induces complete resistance to prion disease. The aim of this work was to engineer Alpine goats carrying knockout (KO) alleles of PRNP, the PrP-encoding gene, using CRISPR/Cas9-ribonucleoproteins and single-stranded donor oligonucleotides.

Factors affecting communication time in an emergency medical communication centers.

Background: Emergency Medical Communication Centres (EMCCs) play a crucial role in emergency care by ensuring timely responses through telephone triage. However, extended communication times can impede accessibility, patient triage, and decision-making. Identifying the factors influencing communication duration is essential for improving EMCC efficiency.

Echocardiographic phenotypes of diabetic myocardial disorder: evolution over 15 months follow-up in the ARISE-HF trial.

Background: Diabetic myocardial disorder (DbMD, evidenced by abnormal echocardiography or cardiac biomarkers) is a form of stage B heart failure (SBHF) at high risk for progression to overt HF. SBHF is defined by abnormal LV morphology and function and/or abnormal cardiac biomarker concentrations.

Objective: To compare the evolution of four DbMD groups based on biomarkers alone, systolic and diastolic dysfunction alone, or their combination.

What are parents' preferences for Human Papillomavirus vaccination promotion messages and communication? Application of a discrete choice experiment to a French Caribbean setting.

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in the French Caribbean has remained below 25% since introduction in 2007, which is well behind national and international targets. Using a discrete choice experiment (DCE), we explored parental preferences around HPV vaccination and optimized communication content in a sample of parents of middle-school pupils in Guadeloupe.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in public and private middle age schools in Guadeloupe in June 2023 using an online questionnaire.

Genetic inbreeding load and its individual prediction for milk yield in French dairy sheep.

Background: The magnitude of inbreeding depression depends on the recessive burden of the individual, which can be traced back to the hidden (recessive) inbreeding load among ancestors. However, these ancestors carry different alleles at potentially deleterious loci and therefore there is individual variability of this inbreeding load. Estimation of the additive genetic value for inbreeding load is possible using a decomposition of inbreeding in partial inbreeding components due to ancestors.