Seeing and visualizing across the hemispheres.

Despite our subjective experience of a largely symmetric visual world, the human brain exhibits varying patterns and degrees of hemispheric asymmetry in distinct processes of visual cognition. This chapter reviews behavioral and neuroimaging evidence from neurotypical individuals and neurological patients, concerning functional asymmetries between the right hemisphere (RH) and the left hemisphere (LH) in visual object processing and mental imagery. Hierarchical perception shows RH preference for global processing and LH preference for local processing.

Unveiling the hemispheric specialization of language: Organization and neuroplasticity.

The advancements in understanding hemispheric specialization of language (HSL) have been following two primary avenues: the development of neuroimaging techniques and the study of its reorganizations in patients with various neuropathologic conditions. Hence, the objectives of this chapter are twofold. First, to provide an overview of the key neuroimaging techniques employed to investigate HSL, along with the notable findings derived from them in the healthy population.

Handedness and brain asymmetries in nonhuman primates.

A majority of humans are right-handed and exhibit left hemisphere specialization for the comprehension and production of language. To what extent population-level behavioral and brain asymmetries are unique to humans remains a topic of interest across a wide range of scientific disciplines. In this chapter, we present current findings on the expression of population-level behavioral and brain asymmetries in nonhuman primates.

Asymmetries in the human brain.

The human brain is an intricate network of cortical regions interconnected by white matter pathways, dynamically supporting cognitive functions. While cortical asymmetries have been consistently reported, the asymmetry of white matter connections remains less explored. This chapter provides a brief overview of asymmetries observed at the cortical, subcortical, cytoarchitectural, and receptor levels before exploring the detailed connectional anatomy of the human brain.

Optimization of Cyclophilin B-Targeted Tri-vector Inhibitors for Novel MASH Treatments.

Cyclophilins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Pharmacological inhibition of the cyclophilin B isoform has the potential to attenuate liver fibrosis in MASH, but current cyclophilin inhibitors in clinical trials lack isoform selectivity. We previously reported the novel tri-vector small-molecule inhibitor that exhibited improved subtype selectivity by simultaneously engaging three pockets on the surface of cyclophilins.

The strange adolescent world that complicates general practitioner prevention: a qualitative study.

Background: Prevention is important in the international primary care system. In adolescents, several prevention areas need to be addressed: sexual health, mental health, substance use and addiction, physical activity, screen use, and social relationships..

Patient experience and primary care teams: a cross-sectional survey of French elderly patients.

Objective: To assess whether patient experience is better for patients followed in a primary care team (PCT) than for patients with traditional follow-up in usual care.

Design: A cross-sectional survey based on a self-administered questionnaire.

Setting: Pays de la Loire geographical area (located on the French west coast).

What the clinician should know when ordering a mast cell tryptase test: A review article for the North American practicing clinician.

Tryptase is currently the most specific mast cell biomarker available in clinical laboratories. Tryptase levels in peripheral blood contribute to the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic evaluation of three clinical categories: (1) immediate hypersensitivity reactions including the life-threatening systemic form known as anaphylaxis, (2) clonal mast cell diseases and other myeloid malignancies, including as a biomarker for efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents targeting mast cell survival, and (3) hereditary α-tryptasemia (HαT), a genetic trait found in 4 - 8% of general population associated to increased risk of severe immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Rapidly evolving pathophysiology knowledge and management guidelines impact tryptase use in clinical practice, explaining the need for frequent updates.

Return to sport and satisfaction after arthroscopic anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle in athletes.

Introduction: Ankle sprains, one of the most frequent accidental injuries in traumatology, can lead to chronic instability. Although arthroscopic anatomic ankle ligament reconstruction seems to provide good results, very few studies have specifically examined the outcomes of this procedure. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the rate of and delay to return to sport (RTS) at the preinjury level after anatomic ligament reconstruction and the predictive factors of a RTS in an athletic population.

Minimum information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV) as toolbox for rigorous, reproducible and homogeneous studies on extracellular vesicles.

Studies based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been multiplying exponentially for almost two decades, since they were first identified as vectors of cell-cell communication. However, several of these studies display a lack of rigor in EVs characterization and isolation, without discriminating between the different EV populations, thus generating conflicting and unreproducible results. There is therefore a strong need for standardization and guidelines to conduct studies that are rigorous, transparent, reproducible and comply with certain nomenclatures concerning the type of EVs used.

Systematic review of Neuropsychiatric Toxicity in Second Generation Antifungals with an illustrative Case Reports.

Background: Second generation triazole antifungals are extended-spectrum drugs that act against yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi. These agents include voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole. Voriconazole may cause neuropsychiatric toxicity such as hallucinations.

Prevalence of recreational drug use in myocardial infarction patients without standard modifiable risk factors: Insights from a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Background: The prevalence of recreational drug use in myocardial infarction (MI) patients without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRF) namely hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes and smoking, remains unknown.

Methods: All patients enrolled in The Addiction in Intensive Cardiac Care Units (ADDICT-ICCU) study, a French multicenter prospective observational study which systematically assessed the use of recreational drug within 2 h of admission, and presenting with MI but without known coronary artery disease were included. We compared patients with and without SMuRF.

Survival and parenteral nutrition dependence in patients aged 65 and older with short bowel syndrome: a retrospective observational cohort study.

Background: Home parenteral support (PS) is the standard treatment for chronic intestinal failure (CIF) with short bowel syndrome (SBS) as the leading cause. However, outcomes of PS in older patients remain poorly studied.

Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluated patients newly diagnosed with SBS-CIF initiating PS between 2015 and 2020 at a national French CIF referral center.

[Is previable rupture of membranes an independent neonatal prognostic factor from the gestational age at birth?].

Objective: Compare, at the same gestational age at birth, survival without severe neonatal morbidity among live-born infants after previable premature rupture of membranes (PROM) occurring before 22 weeks of gestation (WG) versus at or after 22 weeks.

Methods: Retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care referral center between 2016 and 2021, including live births between 23 and 36 weeks + 6 days after PROM. Only live-born infants with neonatal resuscitation care were included.

Reconstruction of the trapezium with structural bone graft in trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasty with cup instability.

Periprosthetic complications after trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty mostly require revision surgery to restore function. An unstable cup in the trapezium is typically surgically managed by trapeziectomy. This report highlights a possible alternative to maintain the implant by reconstruction of the trapezium with corticocancellous autograft.

Practical implementation of automated insulin delivery systems in 2025: A French position statement update.

The advent of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in 2020 marked a disruptive event in managing type 1 diabetes, benefiting children and adults alike. By 2024, advances in real-world data and research motivated an update to the French consensus on AID systems to expand accessibility, refine guidelines, and optimize patient follow-up. AID systems have consistently improved glycemic control by reducing HbA1c, increasing time-in-range (TIR), and minimizing hypoglycemia, with significant benefits even for specific populations such as individuals with poor glycemic control, brittle diabetes, children, very young children, pregnant women, those with insulin resistance or gastroparesis, or after bariatric surgery.

Next generation of porphysomes for improved photodynamic therapy applications.

Porphysomes are a class of liposome-like nanoparticles that have demonstrated efficacy in photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer. These nanoparticles results from the self-assembly of amphiphilic phospholipid-porphyrin (PL-Por) conjugates. Despite their potential, porphysomes exhibit a high photothermal effect and a weak photodynamic activity as long as they remain intact within the body.

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BIRTHWEIGHT AND SEVERE POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE IN WOMEN WITH DELIVERY AT TERM.

Background: Macrosomia, classically defined by an arbitrary birthweight threshold, is associated with an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). However, some preliminary evidence suggests that lower birthweights may also be at increased risk. We hypothesized that birthweight, analyzed as a continuous variable, is significantly associated with the risk of severe postpartum hemorrhage, with the risk increasing not only at higher birthweights traditionally associated with macrosomia but also potentially at lower birthweights.

Randall Foils Versus Big Blades: Comparative Analysis in On-Water Sprint Rowing.

Purpose: We evaluated the technical and energetical impact of using Randall foils versus simple Big blades during a maximum rowing effort in field conditions.

Methods: Fourteen experienced rowers (12 male and 2 female) 26 (9) versus 25 (9) years of age, 179.8 (4.

Detritivore identity modulates effects of nutrient enrichment and a common fungicide presence on leaf litter decomposition and fungal community.

Understanding the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors on ecosystem function is crucial for freshwater ecosystem management, However, the influence of nutrient enrichment, fungicide presence, and detritivore identity on leaf litter decomposition and associated fungal communities remains poorly understood. We conducted a microcosm experiment to examine: 1) the individual and combined effects of nutrient enrichment and a common fungicide on leaf litter decomposition and fungal communities; and 2) how two types of detritivore invertebrates (scrapers vs. shredders) influence these effects.

People are not becoming "AIholic": Questioning the "ChatGPT addiction" construct.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots such as ChatGPT have rapidly gained popularity in many daily life spheres, even sparking scholarly debate about a potential "ChatGPT addiction." Throughout history, new technologies have repeatedly been associated with widespread concerns and "moral panics," especially when their adoption is sudden and involves significant changes in daily functioning. It is thus no surprise that researchers have examined whether intensive use of ChatGPT can be considered an addictive behavior.

The role of emotions reported in the emergency department in four-month chronic pain development: Effects of sadness and anger.

Objective: This study aims to assess whether the emotions experienced during an urgent health problem represent risk factors for developing chronic pain.

Method: A pain study was carried out as part of a randomized multicentre study on the prevention of post-concussion syndrome and post-traumatic stress syndrome (SOFTER) following emergency hospitalisation. Nine hundred and fourteen patients not suffering from chronic pain at admission provided information on the presence and intensity of eight emotions (anger, fear, regret, sadness, relief, contentment, joy, and interest) during their stay at the emergency department.