Respiratory Virus Vaccines: Pathways to Recommendations and Enhanced Coverage for At-Risk Populations.

While marked differences exist between influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is substantial overlap in the vulnerability of populations most at risk for severe disease following infection, chief among them being advanced age, multiple comorbidities, and immunocompromise. Vaccination is an established and effective preventative strategy to protect against respiratory viral infections (RVIs), reducing morbidity and mortality, minimizing the potential for long-term complications, and mitigating exacerbation of existing health conditions. Despite the demonstrated benefits of immunization throughout the life course and recommendations by health authorities, coverage rates of at-risk populations against vaccine-preventable diseases remain suboptimal and vary considerably by country and demographic strata.

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS): A Bridge to Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients with Cirrhosis and Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension.

Background: In cirrhotic patients, portal hypertension increases mortality after surgery. We evaluated the impact of pre-operative transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on the outcomes of bariatric surgery in cirrhosis.

Methods: Multicentric retrospective cohort.

Control of Cardiac Output with Ivabradine or Beta-Blockers for Refractory Hypoxemia under Veno-Venous ECMO for Severe ARDS.

Purpose: Hypoxemia is a risk factor for mortality and long-term neuropsychological impairment during severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is a potential treatment for such cases but may not suffice. We aimed to evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions for cardiac output (CO) control using ivabradine or beta-blockers for refractory hypoxemia during VV-ECMO.

Personalized modeling of gut microbiome metabolism throughout the first year of life.

Background: Early-life exposures including diet, and the gut microbiome have been proposed to predispose infants towards multifactorial diseases later in life. Delivery via Cesarian section disrupts the establishment of the gut microbiome and has been associated with negative long-term outcomes. Here, we hypothesize that Cesarian section delivery alters not only the composition of the developing infant gut microbiome but also its metabolic capabilities.

Preoperative CT-Scan Angiography Reconstruction Before Right Colectomy with Complete Mesocolon Excision: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Complete mesocolon excision (CME) and central vascular ligation for right colonic cancers have been developed to improve oncological outcomes. However, it has been linked with a higher risk of morbidity and technical difficulties in operating near major vessels. This study investigated the impact of preoperative surgical planning utilizing CT reconstruction on surgical outcomes in right colectomy with CME.

Ethical issues in fetal therapies of life-threatening malformations.

Unlike any other medical field, fetal medicine addresses two patients: the fetus and the mother. Its primary goal is to improve neonatal outcomes, specifically by reducing mortality and morbidity, including long-term impacts, while minimizing risks to the mother. The aim of fetal interventions for life-threatening malformations is to decrease morbidity and mortality by mitigating the impact of the malformation on fetal growth and development.

CAR T-Cell Therapy for Rheumatic Diseases: What Does the Future Hold?

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, initially successful in treating hematological malignancies, is emerging as a potential treatment for autoimmune diseases, including rheumatic conditions. CAR T cells, engineered to target and eliminate autoreactive B cells, offer a novel approach to managing diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and inflammatory myopathies, where B cells play a pivotal role in disease pathology. Early case reports have demonstrated promising results, with patients achieving significant disease remission, normalization of serological markers, and the ability to discontinue traditional immunosuppressive therapies, which supported the initiation of several clinical trials.

Cost of Carbon in the Total Cost of a Healthcare Procedure: Example of Micro-Costing Study in a French Setting.

Background: Economic evaluation aims to compare the costs and results of health strategies to inform public decision making. Although sometimes suggested, until now no national evaluation agency has recommended formally incorporating the cost of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated by health interventions into the estimation of healthcare costs.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test and discuss the feasibility of estimating and including the contribution of GHG emissions cost to the total cost of a surgical intervention, with the example of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RTA), using a micro-costing approach.

A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Overactive Bladder in Women with Non-Urinary Tract Endometriosis and the Effect of Endometriosis Surgery on Symptoms of Overactive Bladder.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterised by urinary urgency, with or without incontinence, often accompanied by daytime frequency and nocturia, in the absence of urinary tract infection or other identifiable causes. Population studies estimate the prevalence of OAB at 12.8% (EPIC study), increasing with age, reaching up to 43% after age 40.

Deciphering metabolic shifts in Gaucher disease type 1: a multi-omics study.

Gaucher disease (GD), an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder, primarily affects the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), leading to glucosylceramide accumulation in lysosomes. GD presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. This study deploys immune-based proteomics and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics technologies to comprehensively investigate the biochemical landscape in 43 deeply phenotyped type 1 GD patients compared to 59 controls.

Extraction of 3D trajectories of mandibular condyles from 2D real-time MRI.

Objective: Computing the trajectories of mandibular condyles directly from MRI could provide a comprehensive examination, providing both anatomical and kinematic details. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of extracting 3D condylar trajectories from 2D real-time MRI.

Materials And Methods: Twenty healthy subjects underwent real-time MRI while performing jaw opening and closing movements.

RICTOR variants are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

RICTOR is a key component of the mTORC2 signaling complex which is involved in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation and survival. RICTOR is highly expressed in neurons and is necessary for brain development. Here, we report eight unrelated patients presenting with intellectual disability and/or development delay and carrying variants in the RICTOR gene.

Optimized chelator and nanoparticle strategies for high-activity Pd-loaded biodegradable brachytherapy seeds.

Background: Brachytherapy (BT) is routinely used in the treatment of various cancers. Current BT relies on the placement of large sources of radioactivity at the tumor site, requiring applicators that may cause local traumas and lesions. Further, they suffer from inflexibility in where they can be placed and some sources reside permanently in the body, causing potential long-term discomfort.

Association between HOMA2 based beta-cell function or insulin resistance and long-term outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common comorbidity in kidney transplant recipients, representing a significant proportion of the candidate pool. Post-kidney transplantation management of T2D remains challenging, leading to inferior long-term outcomes compared to non-diabetic recipients. This study aimed to assess the association between Homeostatic Model Assessment 2 (HOMA2) derived insulin resistance and beta-cell function on kidney graft outcomes in T2D kidney transplant recipients.

Multitarget Peptides Released by In Vitro Static Gastrointestinal Digestion of an Amaranth Protein Beverage.

Beverages formulated from alternative proteins, such as amaranth, are gaining attraction due to changes in human dietary patterns and environmental concerns like resource use and biodiversity loss. This study focuses on assessing the bioactive peptide release from an amaranth protein beverage. This beverage was subjected to a static simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGD) protocol to evaluate its bioaccessibility and functional potential.

Symmetry breaking organizes the brain's resting state manifold.

Spontaneously fluctuating brain activity patterns that emerge at rest have been linked to the brain's health and cognition. Despite detailed descriptions of the spatio-temporal brain patterns, our understanding of their generative mechanism is still incomplete. Using a combination of computational modeling and dynamical systems analysis we provide a mechanistic description of the formation of a resting state manifold via the network connectivity.

Development of novel microsatellite marker sets for 5 common tropical hydrozoan species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Southwestern Indian Ocean.

Background: In the context of global change, coral reefs and their associated biodiversity are under threat. Several conservation strategies using population genetics have been explored to protect them. However, some components of this ecosystem are understudied, such as hydrozoans, an important class of benthic organisms worldwide.

Increase maximum economic yield in a patchy environment.

In this work, we study the model of a fish species growing logistically exploited by a fishing fleet in a heterogeneous environment. The environment is made up of a network of fishing patches connected by fish migrations taking place on a fast time scale. We are interested in the maximum economic yield (MEY) which corresponds to the maximum profit made by the fishing fleet.

Would you publish unrealistic models?

The theoretical neurosciences research community produces many models, of different natures, to capture activities or functions of the brain. Some of these models are presented as «realistic » models, often because variables and parameters have biophysical units, but not always. In this opinion article, I explain why this term can be misleading and I propose some elements that can be useful to characterize a model.

Initial and recurrent management of parastomal hernia after cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion: a 10 year single-center experience.

Purpose: The management of parastomal hernia following cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion is challenging due to its specific nature and a high recurrence rate, yet is poorly described.

Methods: We retrospectively searched the clinical data warehouse of our center for patients who had primary parastomal hernia repair following cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion. The primary endpoint was recurrence of parastomal hernia; secondary endpoints were postoperative complications and surgical management of recurrences.