Identification of an artemisinin-resistant kelch13 R515K mutant parasite in Senegal.

The emergence of artemisinin partial resistance (ART-r) in malaria parasites has substantially compromised the efficacy of antimalarial treatments across southeast Asia (SE Asia). The spread of ART-r within the African continent could jeopardize past progress made in reducing worldwide malaria burden. A clinical index malaria case was identified in Kaolack, Senegal with persistent fever after complete artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) treatment.

Surgical management of dysphagia due to diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: the role of barium swallow fluoroscopy-a case report.

Background: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a systemic condition that might lead to dysphagia because of massive osteophytes that may be present at multiple levels. Confirming the symptomatic level to guide surgical management and avoid extensive surgery is important, however, there is no globally accepted consensus on the topic.

Case Description: We report the case of a 51-year-old man, with no specific past medical history, who has been complaining of a 3-months pain in the left side of the tongue base with sensation of a lump in the throat and dysphagia.

Robust and time-resolved estimation of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic indices.

The time-resolved analysis of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) is crucial for the evaluation of the dynamic changes of autonomic activity under different clinical and behavioural conditions. Standard HRV analysis is performed in the frequency domain because the sympathetic activations tend to increase low-frequency HRV oscillations, while the parasympathetic ones increase high-frequency HRV oscillations. However, a strict separation of HRV into frequency bands may cause biased estimations, especially in the low-frequency range.

Optimizing work in community pharmacy: What preferences do community pharmacists and pharmacy technicians have for a better allocation of daily activities?

Objective: Pharmacy work encompasses two main streams. These are logistic flow (the supply and distribution of healthcare products) and pharmaceutical flow (the dispensing and provision of pharmacy services). The pharmaceutical flow has increased significantly with the introduction of reimbursed services such as Rapid Diagnostic Tests, chronic disease screening, minor ailment prescriptions, vaccine prescription and administration, and medication reviews.

Building a reliable 16S mini-barcode library of wild bees from Occitania, south-west of France.

Background: DNA barcoding and metabarcoding are now powerful tools for studying biodiversity and especially the accurate identification of large sample collections belonging to diverse taxonomic groups. Their success depends largely on the taxonomic resolution of the DNA sequences used as barcodes and on the reliability of the reference databases. For wild bees, the barcode sequences coverage is consistently growing in volume, but some incorrect species annotations need to be cared for.

Antimicrobial activity of a new class of synthetic retinoid antibiotics and comparator agents against ocular staphylococci.

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance is global pandemic that poses a major threat to vision health as ocular pathogens, especially staphylococcal species, are becoming increasingly resistant to first-line therapies. Here we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a new class of synthetic retinoids in comparison to currently used antibiotics against clinically relevant ocular staphylococcal isolates.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution for 3 novel synthetic retinoids (CD1530, CD437, and a CD437 analogue) and 7 comparator antibiotics, against a collection of 216 clinical isolates.

Exit interviews from two randomised placebo-controlled phase 3 studies with caregivers of young children with autism spectrum disorder.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by difficulty with social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour. This study aimed to improve understanding of the ASD patient experience with the treatment (bumetanide) regarding the changes in core symptoms and to assess changes considered as meaningful. To achieve this, qualitative interviews were conducted with caregivers of patients in two phase 3 clinical trials (NCT03715153; NCT03715166) of a novel ASD treatment.

IRF5 as a potential immunological biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: In the clinic, the primary conventional treatments of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in optimizing therapeutic benefits when combined with other immunotherapies or standard therapies. However, effective biomarkers for distant metastasis or recurrence have yet to be identified, making it difficult to determine the best therapeutic approaches.

Synthesis and evaluation of 6-arylaminobenzamides as positron emission tomography imaging ligands for the sphingosine-1-phosphate-5 receptor.

The sphingosine-1-phosphate-5 (S1P) receptor is one of the five membrane G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by the lysophospholipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, resulting in regulation of many cellular processes. S1P receptors are located on oligodendrocytes and are proposed to influence oligodendrocyte physiology. Understanding S1P modulation during processes such as remyelination could have potential applications for demyelinating CNS disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS).

Effect of metabolic disorders on reactive gliosis and glial scarring at the early subacute phase of stroke in a mouse model of diabetes and obesity.

It is well recognized that type II Diabetes (T2D) and overweight/obesity are established risk factors for stroke, worsening also their consequences. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these disorders aggravate outcomes are not yet clear limiting the therapeutic opportunities. To fill this gap, we characterized, for the first time, the effects of T2D and obesity on the brain repair mechanisms occurring 7 days after stroke, notably glial scarring.

Point prevalence survey on antibiotic use in the hospitals of Mauritius.

Background: This study aims at determining the antibiotic prescribing pattern in admitted patients in the regional public hospitals of Mauritius.

Methods: A Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) on antibiotic use according to the World Health Organization Methodology for PPS on antibiotic use in hospitals, was carried out in 3 secondary public hospitals. Data was collected in February 2018 for Hospital 1 and in April-May 2019 for Hospital 2 and Hospital 3.

The fly route of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing dissemination in a cattle farm: from the ecosystem to the molecular scale.

Introduction: This study aimed to understand the origin and to explain the maintenance of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) isolated from food-producing animals in a third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)-free farm.

Methods: Culture and molecular approaches were used to test molecules other than 3GC such as antibiotics (tetracycline and oxytetracycline), antiparasitics (ivermectin, flumethrin, fenbendazol, and amitraz), heavy metal [arsenic, HNO, aluminum, HNO, cadmium (CdSO), zinc (ZnCl), copper (CuSO), iron (FeCl), and aluminum (AlSO)], and antioxidant (butylated hydroxytoluene) as sources of selective pressure. Whole-genome sequencing using short read (Illumina™) and long read (Nanopore™) technologies was performed on 34 genomes.

Epidemiology of antibiotic consumption and resistance in Mauritius.

Introduction: This study aims at determining the pattern of antibiotic consumption and resistance in Mauritius, a tropical island in the Indian Ocean.

Methodology: Antibiotic consumption was measured in kilograms of purchased antibiotics and also in defined daily dose (DDD) in different health institutions from 2015 to 2017. Data on antibiotic resistance was collected at the Central Health Laboratory (CHL) at Victoria Hospital and at Jeetoo Hospital Laboratory, where antibiotic sensitivity testing is done for all public health institutions.

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases in Cameroon: Current understanding and future directions for more comprehensive surveillance.

Despite the high burden of human and animal infectious diseases in Cameroon, implementing integrative approaches to managing and controlling arthropods and their pathogens remains challenging. Surveillance should be designed to detect diseases and provide relevant field-based data for developing and implementing effective control measures to prevent outbreaks before significant public and animal health consequences can occur. Nowadays, ticks are considered the primary vectors of animal diseases in the world, and the second vector of human diseases after mosquitoes.

Effects of Social Structure on Effective Population Size Change Estimates.

Most methods currently used to infer the "demographic history of species" interpret this expression as a history of population size changes. The detection, quantification, and dating of demographic changes often rely on the assumption that population structure can be neglected. However, most vertebrates are typically organized in populations subdivided into social groups that are usually ignored in the interpretation of genetic data.

Design concepts for advanced-technology intraocular lenses [Invited].

An intraocular lens (IOL) replaces the natural crystalline lens during cataract surgery, and although the vast majority of implants have simple optics, "advanced technology" IOLs have multifocal and extended depth of focus (EDOF) properties. Optical concepts are evaluated here, with image contrast, focal range, and unwanted visual phenomena being the primary concerns. Visual phenomena with earlier bifocal diffractive lenses led to alternative diffractive designs (trifocals, etc.

Airway Mycobiota-Microbiota During Pulmonary Exacerbation of Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Culture and Targeted Sequencing Study.

Background: The airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) harbour complex fungal and bacterial microbiota involved in pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) and requiring antimicrobial treatment. Descriptive studies analysing bacterial and fungal microbiota concomitantly are scarce, especially using both culture and high-throughput-sequencing (HTS).

Objectives: We analysed bacterial-fungal microbiota and inter-kingdom correlations in two French CF centres according to clinical parameters and antimicrobial choices.

ENZYMATIC TREATMENT OF LIGNIN IN ALKALINE HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS: A REVIEW ON ALKALIPHILIC LACCASES.

This short review explores the enzymatic treatment of lignin in alkaline homogeneous systems, focusing on alkaliphilic laccases. In acidic conditions, native laccases are known to promote lignin polymerization, while the addition of mediators enables depolymerization into valuable small molecules. Alkaliphilic laccases, which remain active in basic pH where the vast majority of industrial lignins are soluble, present an interesting alternative.

A systematic review on attachment and down syndrome.

Background: To document whether the sociocognitive peculiarities of people with Down Syndrome impact the construction of attachment at different ages, a systematic review of the literature was carried out.

Method: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, was conducted on three databases: psycINFO, MEDLINE, and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection (1975-2021). Twelve studies were included.

Clinical SANTI classification of arthrogenic muscle inhibition has an excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability in preoperative and post-operative anterior cruciate ligament rupture.

Purpose: Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) is a reflexive shutdown of the quadriceps muscles following a knee injury or surgery that presents with or without hamstring contracture. This complication can be classified according to the SANTI classification, but the reproducibility of this clinical classification has not yet been demonstrated.

Methods: This single-centre longitudinal observational study included 140 patients who were within 6 weeks of an ACL rupture.

Photochromic Sodalites: From Natural Minerals to Advanced Applied Materials.

ConspectusWhile photochromic natural sodalites, an aluminosilicate mineral, were originally considered as curiosities, articles published in the past ten years have radically changed this perspective. It has been proven that their artificial synthesis was easy and allowed compositional tuning. Combined with simulations, it has been shown that a wide range of photochromic properties were achievable for synthetic sodalites (color, activation energy, reversibility, etc.

Manganese overload as a co-factor of neurological symptoms in a patient with sclerosing cholangitis due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Not available.

Active Learning to Select the Most Suitable Reagents and One-Step Organic Chemistry Reactions for Prioritizing Target-Specific Hits from Ultralarge Chemical Spaces.

Designing chemically novel and synthesizable ligands from the largest possible chemical space is a major issue in modern drug discovery to identify early hits that are easily amenable to medicinal chemistry optimization. Starting from the sole three-dimensional structure of a protein binding site, we herewith describe a fully automated active learning protocol to propose the commercial chemical reagents and one-step organic chemistry reactions necessary to enumerate target-specific primary hits from ultralarge chemical spaces. When applied in different scenarios (single transform and multiple transforms) addressing chemical spaces of various sizes (from 670 million to 4.

Presenilins as hub proteins controlling the endocytic and autophagic pathways and small extracellular vesicle secretion.

Emerging evidence indicates that autophagy is tightly connected to the endocytic pathway. Here, we questioned the role of presenilins (PSENs 1 and 2), previously shown to be involved in autophagy regulation, in the secretion of small endocytic-originating extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Indeed, while wild-type cells responded to stimuli promoting both multivesicular endosome (MVE) formation and secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) enriched in canonical exosomal proteins, PSEN-deficient cells were almost unaffected to these stimuli.