Influence of organic mulches and soil properties on the phenolic profile of leaves, canes and grape skins in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.).

Background: Applying organic amendments to vineyard soil improves soil properties and vine development by increasing soil water retention and nutrient content. However, little is known about how organic mulches modify grapevine phenolic composition. This study analysed the phenolic profile in the leaves, canes, and grape skins of Tempranillo over 3 years in two vineyard locations with three organic mulches: spent mushroom compost (SMC), grapevine pruning debris (GPD) and straw (STR), as well as two conventional soil practices: herbicide (HERB) and tillage (TILL).

Retinoid X receptor agonist 9CDHRA mitigates retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of glaucoma.

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve damage, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors crucial for neuroprotection, as they regulate gene expression to promote neuronal survival via several biochemical networks and reduce neuroinflammation. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), an endogenous retinoid RXR agonist, in mitigating RGC degeneration in a high-IOP-induced experimental model of glaucoma.

Toward predicting silver ion binding in proteins.

The binding of metal ions in proteins is often crucial for their function and hence for life. Silver is known to possess antimicrobial properties, yet little is known about the exact molecular mechanism of action. Based on the silver binding tetrapeptide moieties HXXM, and MXXH found in the silver efflux pump protein SilE, we studied the influence of the individual amino acids X and X and found trends that may be important in general metal ion binding in proteins.

Personality and Markers of Lower Extremity Function: Findings From Six Samples.

ObjectivesThis study investigated the associations between Five-Factor Model personality traits and balance impairment and lower limb strength.MethodsMiddle-aged and older adults (Age range: 34-104 years; >27,000) from six large samples from the US and England were assessed for standing balance, lower limb strength, personality traits, sociodemographic, and health-related variables.ResultsHigher extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were related to lower balance impairment risk and better lower limb strength.

Recommendations for Design, Execution, and Reporting of Studies on Experimental Thoracic Aortopathy in Preclinical Models.

There is a recent dramatic increase in research on thoracic aortic diseases that includes aneurysms, dissections, and rupture. Experimental studies predominantly use mice in which aortopathy is induced by chemical interventions, genetic manipulations, or both. Many parameters should be deliberated in experimental design in concert with multiple considerations when providing dimensional data and characterization of aortic tissues.

Amino Acid Digestibility of Yellow Mealworm-Based Ingredients using the Precision-Fed Cecectomized Rooster Assay.

Yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) serve as an alternative protein source. Because the amino acid (AA) concentrations, AA digestibility, and protein quality of ingredients may vary depending on their husbandry, harvest and processing procedures, and other factors, each should be evaluated separately. The objective of this study was to measure the AA composition, AA digestibility, and protein quality of yellow mealworm-based ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay.

Cu-catalyzed photoredox chlorotrifluoromethylation of polysubstituted alkenes and pharmacological evaluation.

A visible-light-mediated chlorotrifluoromethylation catalyzed by a copper-based photo-redox catalyst of internal alkenes is reported. The reaction proceeds with complete regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions using commercially available FCSOCl as both the trifluoromethyl and chlorine source, leading to the synthesis of added-value chemicals with atom-economy. A vast array of internal alkenes were functionalized in decent to good yields, highlighting a great tolerance to various functional groups.

Proximity-Mediated Multi-Ferroelectric Coupling in Highly Strained EuO-Graphene Heterostructures.

2D van der Waals materials and their heterostructures are a fantastic playground to explore emergent phenomena arising from electronic quantum hybridization effects. In the last decade, the spin-dependant hybridization effect pushed this frontier further introducing the magnetic proximity effect as a promising tool for spintronic applications. Here the uncharted proximity-controlled magnetoelectric effect in EuO/graphene heterostructure is unveiled.

Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-apolipoprotein A-1 antibody in children.

Background And Aims: Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (AAA1) are elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and predict COVID-19 symptoms persistence at one year in adults, but whether this applies to children is unknown. We studied the association of SARS-CoV-2 exposure with AAA1 prevalence in children and the association of AAA1 seropositivity with symptom persistence.

Methods: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and AAA1 serologies were examined in 1031 participants aged 6 months to 17 years old from the prospective SEROCOV-KIDS cohort and recruited between 12.

Population Genetic Structure and Human Adaptation of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus.

Background: Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the etiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma, is human-specific and is thought to have emerged from primate-infecting gammaherpesviruses. KSHV seroprevalence shows geographic variation, being highest in sub-Saharan Africa, intermediate in the Mediterranean area, and low in most other locations. However, KSHV prevalence is also particularly high in specific regions such as the Miyako Islands (Japan).

Collider-flavour complementarity from the bottom to the top.

Motivated by recently observed anomalies in the flavour sector, we analyse the potential of measurements of top quarks at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to provide complementary constraints on interactions that shape low-energy precision investigations in the sector. The measurement of top quark properties, such as the top width and the abundant top pair production channels, are already reaching the percent level at this relatively early stage of the LHC phenomenology program. A focused analysis of four-fermion interactions, employing effective field theory without flavour structure assumptions and incorporating renormalization group evolution effects, bridges meson scale phenomena with key top quark measurements.

Cysteine-selective [Re]Re(v) radiolabelling of a Nanobody® for targeted radionuclide therapy using a "chelate-then-click" approach.

In this study, we present the first reported use of bioorthogonal click chemistry with rhenium-188 for radiolabelling of an anti-c-Met VH Nanobody®. We employed a "chelate-then-click" strategy, wherein a bifunctional chelator was designed in two parts, which were subsequently joined post-labelling and post-conjugation the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction. Cysteine-selective conjugation of the VH was achieved through thiol-Michael addition, forming a VH-DBCO construct.

Early functional proprioceptive stimulation in high spinal cord injury: a pilot study.

Introduction: The first months following a spinal cord injury (SCI) are crucial for promoting recovery. However, patients with high SCIs often require prolonged stays in intensive care units (ICUs), delaying optimal rehabilitation due to limited resources. This study examined the safety, feasibility, and effects on spasticity and muscle atrophy of an early rehabilitation technique using non-invasive sensory stimulation and called functional proprioceptive stimulation (FPS).

Evaluating Return to Sports Following Total Hip Arthoplasty With Custom Stems in Professional and Recreational Table Tennis Players.

Background: Table tennis players execute short explosive movements, along with continuous hip flexion, abduction, and rotation, increasing their risk of injury. Previous studies reported a rate of return to sports (RTS) of 20% to 80% in athletes following total hip arthroplasty (THA). There are no studies reporting RTS in table tennis players following THA.

Clinical spectrum and uncommon features of McCune-Albright syndrome in children: a cohort study from a National Referral Center.

Introduction: McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare disease caused by somatic gain-of-function variants in the gene that lead to constitutive activation of the G protein alpha subunit (Gsα). Pathologic consequences can involve several tissues. Fibrous dysplasia (FD), café-au-lait skin macules and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies are classic manifestations.

Evaluating Risk in Kidney Living Donors.

Kidney donation is a safe procedure for carefully screened donors. The growing shortage of organs and improved survival rates among recipients of living donor transplants have broadened the criteria for acceptable living donors, including older individuals and those with pre-existing health conditions. Consequently, ensuring both the short- and long-term safety of living donors is of paramount importance.

Local Forest Structure and Host Specificity Influence Liana Community Composition in a Moist Central African Forest.

Lianas are important components of tropical forest diversity and dynamics, yet little is known about the drivers of their community structure and composition. Combining extensive field and LiDAR data, we investigated the influence of local topography, forest structure, and tree composition on liana community structure, and their floristic and functional composition, in a moist forest in northern Republic of Congo. We inventoried all lianas ≥ 1 cm in diameter in 144 20 × 20-m quadrats located in four 9-ha permanent plots, where trees and giant herbs were inventoried.

A digital multi-access key for easy identification of large tree species of ebony wood in Madagascar.

In 2013, all populations of the precious wood genera (Fabaceae) and (Ebenaceae) from Madagascar were placed on CITES Appendix II in an effort to combat unsustainable and illicit over-exploitation and illegal exportation for the international market. The accompanying Action Plan adopted by CITES identified several information and capacity gaps, which undermine the sustainable and equitable management of these valuable resources. These gaps include the lack of practical, reliable tools to identify species along the entire value chain, from standing trees to cut wood and finished products.

From in vivo models to in vitro bioengineered neuromuscular junctions for the study of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Peripheral neuropathies are disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. Among them, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is an inherited sensorimotor neuropathy for which no effective treatment exists yet. Research on Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease has been hampered by difficulties in accessing relevant cells, such as sensory and motor neurons, Schwann cells, and myocytes, which interact at the neuromuscular junction, the specialized synapses formed between nerves and skeletal muscles.

Villain Action in Lattice Gauge Theory.

We prove that Villain interaction applied to lattice gauge theory can be obtained as the limit of both Wilson and Manton interactions on a larger graph which we call the . This is the lattice gauge theory analog of a well-known property for spin () models where Villain type interactions are the limit of spin systems defined on a . Perhaps surprisingly in the setting of lattice gauge theory, our proof also applies to non-Abelian lattice theory such as (3)-lattice gauge theory and its limiting Villain interaction.

Feasibility study of 4D-online monitoring of density gradients induced by lung cancer treatment using carbon ions.

Tumor motion is a major challenge for scanned ion-beam therapy. In the case of lung tumors, strong under- and overdosage can be induced due to the high density gradients between the tumor- and bone tissues compared to lung tissues. This work proposes a non-invasive concept for 4D monitoring of high density gradients in carbon ion beam therapy, by detecting charged fragments.

Multi-drug resistance and compensatory mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Vietnam.

Background: Vietnam is a hotspot for the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aimed to perform a retrospective study on the compensatory evolution in multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains and the association with drug-resistant mutations and M.