Editorial 15th Anniversary of Pharmaceutics-Improvement of Drug Bioavailability.

Improving the health of humans and animals depends on the discovery of new active molecules as well as improving the bioavailability of molecules already marketed [...

Integration of Ontogeny-Based Changes for Predicting the Exposure of Diphenhydramine in the Pediatric Population: A PBPK Modeling Approach.

Background: Diphenhydramine is an anti-tussive used periodically to treat seasonal colds, contact dermatitis, and anaphylactic reactions. This study aimed to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of diphenhydramine in predicting its systemic exposure among healthy pediatrics (children and adolescents) by leveraging data files from adults (young and elderly).

Methods: The data profiles comprising serum/plasma concentration over time and parameters related to diphenhydramine were scrutinized via exhaustive literature analysis and consolidated in the PK-Sim software version 11.

Development of a Population Pharmacokinetic Gabapentin Model Leveraging Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Concentrations.

Gabapentin has variable pharmacokinetics (PK), which contributes to difficulty in dosing and increased risk of adverse events. The objective of this study was to leverage gabapentin concentrations from therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to develop a population PK (popPK) model and characterize significant covariates that impact gabapentin PK. Data were retrospectively collected from 82 hospitalized adult patients with TDM gabapentin concentrations.

Effects of the Hot-Drawing Process on the Pore Parameters, Gas Absorption and Mechanical Performances of Activated Carbon-Loaded Porous Poly(m-Phenylene Isophthalamide) Composite Fibres.

Poor breathability, inadequate flexibility, bulky wearability, and insufficient gas-adsorption capacity always limit the developments and applications of conventional chemical protective clothing (CPC). To create a lightweight, breathable, and flexible fabric with a high gas-absorption capacity, activated carbon (AC)-loaded poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) porous composite fibres were fabricated from a mixed wet-spinning process integrated with a solvent-free phase separation process. By manipulating the pore parameters of as-spun composite fibres, the exposure-immobilization of AC particles on the fibre surface can offer a higher gas-absorption capacity and better AC-loading stability.

Genetic Diversity and Relationships Among Tunisian Wild and Cultivated L. Species.

Assessing and determining genetic diversity in rose species is a crucial step for conservation efforts, the establishment of a core collection, and the development of new varieties. This study represents the first investigation of genetic diversity among various rose species at different ploidy levels in Tunisia, with the aim of elucidating the genetic structure of the genus. It encompasses both spontaneous and cultivated accessions, featuring local and introduced species recognized for their adaptability, ornamental value, and fragrance.

Vitamin B, B, and B Intakes and Risk of Gastric Cancer: Findings from a Case-Control Study.

Background/objectives: Gastric cancer is one of the leading malignancies worldwide. B vitamins play important roles in DNA synthesis and methylation because they are considered co-enzymes in one-carbon metabolism. There is inconclusive evidence regarding the associations between dietary vitamins B, B, and B with the risk of gastric cancer in different epidemiologic studies.

Food Addiction: Prevalence, Severity, and Impact on Vascular Stroke Risk Factors in a French Hospital-Based Sample.

Background: Stroke ranks as the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in adults worldwide. While an unhealthy diet is an independent risk factor for stroke, its association with disordered eating behaviours on stroke remains overlooked. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of addictive-like eating behaviours in stroke patients and their association with the main vascular stroke risk factors.

Bovine Colostrum in Pediatric Nutrition and Health.

Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk secreted by mammals after birth, is a trending alternative source for supplementing infants and children, offering benefits for gut and immune health. Its rich components, such as proteins, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and glycans, are used to fortify diets and support development. Preterm development is crucial, especially in the maturation of essential systems, and from 2010 to 2020, approximately 15% of all premature births occurred at less than 32 weeks of gestation worldwide.

Invasive Infections in Children in Vaccine Era: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization Tunis, Tunisia.

The changing epidemiological profile of invasive infections (IIHi) is noted in the post-vaccination era. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically invasive (Hi) isolates detected in Tunisian pediatric patients. A retrospective study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of the Children's Hospital of Tunis over ten years (2013-2023).

Development of Effective Medical Countermeasures Against the Main Biowarfare Agents: The Importance of Antibodies.

The COVID-19 and mpox crisis has reminded the world of the potentially catastrophic consequences of biological agents. Aside from the natural risk, biological agents can also be weaponized or used for bioterrorism. Dissemination in a population or among livestock could be used to destabilize a nation by creating a climate of terror, by negatively impacting the economy and undermining institutions.

Characterization of Unusual Serogroups of .

Most cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Europe are caused by isolates of the serogroups B, C, W, and Y. We aimed to explore cases caused by other unusual serogroups. We retrospectively screened IMD cases in the databases of the National Reference Center for Meningococci and in France between 2014 and 2023.

Evaluation of In Vitro Inhibition of -Hematin Formation: A Step Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of the Mechanism of Action of New Arylamino Alcohols.

Currently, artemisinin-based combination therapy is recommended as first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Arylamino alcohols (AAAs) such as mefloquine (MQ) are the preferred partner drugs due to their longer half-life, reliable absorption and strong antimalarial activity. However, the mode of action of MQ remains poorly understood and its neurotoxicity limits its use.

Multilocus Sequence Typing and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolated from Foods Surveyed in Kosovo.

In the absence of data on the reporting of resistance to antibiotics, we sought to determine which clonal complexes (CCs)/sequence types (STs) circulate in the food chain in Kosovo and to determine their antibiogram profiles to a panel of 18 antibiotics. From a total of 114 isolates, 21 different typical STs were identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Each isolate derived from the food categories was subjected to tests to verify its susceptibility to the selected antibiotics according to the designed Sensititre GPN3F panel.

Assessing Normandy Soil Microbial Diversity for Antibacterial Activities Using Traditional Culture and iChip Methods.

Uncultured microorganisms represent a promising and untapped source of antibacterial compounds, crucial in the fight against the significant threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this study, both traditional and isolation chip (iChip) cultivation techniques were employed to enhance the recovery of known and unknown microorganisms from soils located in Normandy, France. The isolates obtained were identified using 16S rDNA or ITS regions analysis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and were screened for antibacterial activity.

Gut Microbiota Comparison in Rectal Swabs Versus Stool Samples in Cats with Kidney Stones.

To investigate the role of the intestinal bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in cats, a condition characterized by the formation of kidney stones, it is desirable to identify a sample collection method that accurately reflects the microbiota's composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fecal sample collection methods on the intestinal microbiota composition in two cat populations: healthy cats and kidney stone-diseased cats. The study included eighteen cats from the same colony, comprising nine healthy cats and nine cats with spontaneously occurring presumed calcium oxalate kidney stones.

Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Perspectives in French Caribbean.

Few studies have focused on the infectious complications in kidney transplant recipients in tropical regions, particularly in the Caribbean. The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections in kidney transplant recipients in the French Caribbean and French Guiana. We included all patients who received a kidney transplant at the University Hospital of Guadeloupe between January 2014 and October 2016, with post-transplant follow-up in the French Caribbean.

ANN-QSAR, Molecular Docking, ADMET Predictions, and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Isothiazole Derivatives to Design New and Selective Inhibitors of HCV Polymerase NS5B.

RNA polymerase (NS5B), serves as a crucial target for pharmaceutical interventions aimed at combating the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which poses significant health challenges worldwide. The present research endeavors to explore and implement a variety of advanced molecular modeling techniques that aim to create and identify innovative and highly effective inhibitors that specifically target the RNA polymerase enzyme. In this study, a QSAR investigation was carried out on a set of thirty-eight isothiazole derivatives targeting NS5B inhibition and thus hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment.

The Comparative Effect of Morphine on Proliferation of Cancer Cell Lines Originating from Different Organs: An In Vitro Study.

: Opium consumption was recently classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) monograph as carcinogenic to humans based on strong evidence for cancers of the larynx, lung, and urinary bladder, and limited evidence for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, and pharynx. This poses the question of a potential pro-cancer effect of pharmaceutical opioid analgesics. In vitro studies employing a variety of experimental conditions suggest that opioid alkaloids have proliferative or antiproliferative effects.

Study of Interactions Between Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents and Collagen by Taylor Dispersion Analysis and Frontal Analysis Continuous Capillary Electrophoresis.

Background: Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) are widely used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance image contrast by interacting with water molecules, thus improving diagnostic capabilities. However, understanding the residual accumulation of GBCA in tissues after administration remains an area of active research. This highlights the need for advanced analytical techniques capable of investigating interactions between GBCAs and biopolymers, such as type I collagen, which are abundant in the body.

An Advanced Combinatorial System from Leaves and Propolis Enhances Antioxidants' Skin Delivery and Fibroblasts Functionality.

: Vine leaves are a bulky by-product that are disposed of and treated as waste in the wine production process. In the present study polyphenols from vine leaves were extracted and simultaneously encapsulated in a new delivery system consisting of liposomes and cyclodextrins. This system was further combined with propolis polyphenols encapsulated in cyclodextrins, resulting in a colloidal suspension for the release of antioxidants in a time-controlled way, the rate of which depends on the ratio of the materials.

ATP-Binding Cassette and Solute Carrier Transporters: Understanding Their Mechanisms and Drug Modulation Through Structural and Modeling Approaches.

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play pivotal roles in cellular transport mechanisms, influencing a wide range of physiological processes and impacting various medical conditions. Recent advancements in structural biology and computational modeling have provided significant insights into their function and regulation. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of human ABC and SLC transporters, emphasizing their structural and functional relationships, transport mechanisms, and the contribution of computational approaches to their understanding.

Hemp Extract () in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Distress and Dyspepsia: Historical Insights from Barcelona, Spain.

This study explores the trajectory of interest in and use of (hemp extract, i.e., extract of L.

Ocular and Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Sitagliptin Eye Drops: Preclinical Data.

Early stages of diabetic retinopathy are currently considered an unmet medical need due to the lack of effective treatments beyond proper monitoring and control of glycemia and blood pressure. Sitagliptin eye drops have emerged as a new therapeutic approach against early stages of the disease, as they can prevent its main hallmarks, including both neurodegeneration and microvascular impairment. Interestingly, all of these effects occur without any glycemic systemic improvement.

Phytochemical Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of L. Essential Oil and Extracts: Experimental and In Silico Insights.

L., a member of the Lamiaceae family, is widely used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study aims to analyze the chemical composition of its essential oil and extracts, evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and investigate the interactions of their bioactive compounds with biological targets using in silico methods to better understand their mechanisms of action.

The Mosquito Microbiota: A Key Player in Vector Competence and Disease Dynamics.

Mosquitoes are well-known vectors for a range of pathogens, including parasites, which cause malaria in reptiles, birds, and mammals [...