Validation of a Deep Learning Tool for Detection of Incidental Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Objective: This study evaluated the performance of a deep learning-based vertebral compression fracture (VCF) detection tool in patients with incidental VCF. The purpose of this study was to validate this tool across multiple sites and multiple vendors.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter, multinational blinded study using anonymized chest and abdominal CT scans performed for indications other than VCF in patients ≥50 years old.

SALL4 as a Useful Marker for the Distinction of Various Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Subtypes: Choriocarcinoma From Other Trophoblastic Lesions and Early Complete Hydatidiform Mole From Partial Mole and NonMolar Villi.

The distinction between choriocarcinoma and residual trophoblastic cell proliferation from a complete hydatidiform mole/invasive mole (CHM/IM) without villi is challenging on curettage materials. We investigated whether SALL4 immunostaining could help differentiate various gestational trophoblastic diseases. Placental site nodules (PSN; n=10), atypical PSN (APSN; n=8), placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTT; n=9), epithelioid trophoblastic tumors (ETT; n=5), gestational choriocarcinomas (n=31), partial hydatidiform moles (PHM; n=13), CHM/IM (n=47), and nonmolar products of conception (POC) (n=26) were included.

Practical management of adverse events in patients receiving tarlatamab, a delta-like ligand 3-targeted bispecific T-cell engager immunotherapy, for previously treated small cell lung cancer.

Tarlatamab is a bispecific T-cell engager immunotherapy targeting delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) molecule. In the phase 2 DeLLphi-301 trial of tarlatamab for patients with previously treated small cell lung cancer, tarlatamab 10 mg every 2 weeks achieved durable responses and encouraging survival outcomes. Analyses of updated safety data from the DeLLphi-301 trial demonstrated that the most common treatment-emergent adverse events were cytokine release syndrome (53%), pyrexia (38%), decreased appetite (36%), dysgeusia (32%), and an emia (30%).

Exploring the Effect of Brief Preventive Videos on Mental Health Help-Seeking for Early Psychosis in a Young Community Sample.

Introduction: A key factor influencing the duration of untreated psychosis is that young individuals typically do not seek help during their initial psychotic experiences. This online study aimed to explore the efficacy of preventive video interventions providing information on psychosis on the attitudes towards seeking mental health care among young adults from the general population.

Methods: Participants (N = 147) were randomised to one of the following online conditions: a short 3-min video of an empowered patient or of a psychiatrist describing different aspects of mental illness, a short control video or no video.

Detection of Mycoplasma spp. from snakes from five different families.

Background: Mycoplasmas are an important cause of respiratory diseases in tortoises. In snakes, evidence of mycoplasma infections has been found almost exclusively in pythons. To better understand the occurrence of these bacteria in other snake species, samples submitted for routine testing for respiratory pathogens were also tested for mycoplasma by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Which dietary shifts to improve nutritional quality while reducing diet cost in the French West Indies?

Background: The French West Indies are facing increasing rates of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. Food prices are more than 30% higher compared with mainland France, while a large part of the population is socioeconomically disadvantaged. The affordability of a healthy diet is a key issue.

Duration of exposure to night work and cardiovascular risk factors: results from 52,234 workers of the CONSTANCES study.

Background: The cardiovascular consequences of night work are increasingly well-known. Implementing effective preventive strategies, however, requires further investigation of the effects of exposure duration. This study sought to assess the cumulative dose-effect of night work exposure on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among current and former night workers in France.

Inferring the energy cost of resistance to parasitic infection and its link to a trade-off.

Background: In infected hosts, immune responses trigger a systemic energy reallocation away from energy storage and growth, to fuel a costly defense program. The exact energy costs of immune defense are however unknown in general. Life history theory predicts that such costs underpin trade-offs between host disease resistance and other fitness related traits, yet this has been seldom assessed.

Time-resolved momentum microscopy with fs-XUV photons at high repetition rates with flexible energy and time resolution.

Time-resolved momentum microscopy is an emerging technique based on photoelectron spectroscopy for characterizing ultrafast electron dynamics and the out-of-equilibrium electronic structure of materials in the entire Brillouin zone with high efficiency. In this article, we introduce a setup for time-resolved momentum microscopy based on an energy-filtered momentum microscope coupled to a custom-made high-harmonic generation photon source driven by a multi-100 kHz commercial Yb-ultrafast laser that delivers fs pulses in the extreme ultraviolet range. The laser setup includes a nonlinear pulse compression stage employing spectral broadening in a Herriott-type bulk-based multi-pass cell.

The disparities and development trajectories of nations in achieving the sustainable development goals.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive framework for societal progress and planetary health. However, it remains unclear whether universal patterns exist in how nations pursue these goals and whether key development areas are being overlooked. Here, we apply the product space methodology, widely used in development economics, to construct an 'SDG space of nations'.

Nedosiran in pediatric patients with PH1 and relatively preserved kidney function, a phase 2 study (PHYOX8).

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is an autosomal recessive disorder with dysregulated glyoxylate metabolism in the liver. Oxalate over-production leads to renal stones, progressive kidney damage and renal failure, with potentially life-threatening systemic oxalosis. Nedosiran is a synthetic RNA interference therapy, designed to reduce hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to decrease oxalate burden in PH.

Efficacy of innovative systemic treatments in combination with radiotherapy for bone metastases: a GEMO (the European Study Group of Bone Metastases) state of the art.

The management of bone metastases (BoM) requires a multidisciplinary approach to prevent complications, necessitating updated knowledge in light of the rapid advancements in systemic treatments and surgical, interventional radiology or radiation techniques. This review aims to discuss efficacy of new systemic treatments on BoM, the benefits of radiotherapy adjunction, and the optimal methods for combining them. Preliminary evidence suggesting reduced efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and several multi-kinase inhibitors regarding BoM may encourage early use of radiotherapy (RT).

Benefits of HIV-1 transmission cluster surveillance: a French retrospective observational study of the molecular and epidemiological co-evolution of recent circulating recombinant forms 94 and 132.

Introduction: Molecular surveillance is an important tool for detecting chains of transmission and controlling the HIV epidemic. This can also improve our knowledge of molecular and epidemiological factors for the optimization of prevention. Our objective was to illustrate this by studying the molecular and epidemiological evolution of the cluster including the new circulating recombinant form (CRF) 94_cpx of HIV-1, detected in 2017 and targeted by preventive actions in 2018.

Impact of Rule 11 on the European Medical Software Landscape: Analysis of EUDAMED and Further Databases Three Years After MDR Implementation.

Medicine is increasingly supported by software, with digital health technologies offering innovative ways to capture insights and drive therapies. Globally, medical device software must follow regulatory processes based on risk classification. The introduction of MDR represents a significant shift in risk-based classification for Medical Devices in Europe, including classification Rule 11 for software, which has caused significant discussions among European regulators.

Pediatric eosinophilic fasciitis: similarities and differences with adult forms.

The purpose of this study was to identify pediatric eosinophilic fasciitis, which is an extremely rare condition, in order to describe their clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic characteristics. We made a call for observations via societies for pediatric rheumatology in France and surrounding countries and collected clinical and paraclinical data of the cases fulfilling the diagnostic criteria. Eight patients under 18 years of age with confirmed eosinophilic fasciitis followed between April 2004 and July 2022 in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain were included.

fMRI data acquisition and analysis for task-free, anesthetized rats.

Templates for the acquisition of large datasets such as the Human Connectome Project guide the neuroimaging community to reproducible data acquisition and scientific rigor. By contrast, small animal neuroimaging often relies on laboratory-specific protocols, which limit cross-study comparisons. The establishment of broadly validated protocols may facilitate the acquisition of large datasets, which are essential for uncovering potentially small effects often seen in functional MRI (fMRI) studies.

Mutant p53 regulates a distinct gene set by a mode of genome occupancy that is shared with wild type.

To directly examine the interplay between mutant p53 or Mdm2 and wild type p53 in gene occupancy and expression, an integrated RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis was performed in vivo using isogenically matched mouse strains. Response to radiation was used as an endpoint to place findings in a biologically relevant context. Unexpectedly, mutant p53 and Mdm2 only inhibit a subset of wild type p53-mediated gene expression.

The architecture of the human default mode network explored through cytoarchitecture, wiring and signal flow.

The default mode network (DMN) is implicated in many aspects of complex thought and behavior. Here, we leverage postmortem histology and in vivo neuroimaging to characterize the anatomy of the DMN to better understand its role in information processing and cortical communication. Our results show that the DMN is cytoarchitecturally heterogenous, containing cytoarchitectural types that are variably specialized for unimodal, heteromodal and memory-related processing.

Chromatin environment-dependent effects of DOT1L on gene expression in male germ cells.

The H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L is essential for multiple aspects of mammalian development where it has been shown to regulate gene expression. Here, by producing and integrating epigenomic and spike-in RNA-seq data, we decipher the molecular role of DOT1L during mouse spermatogenesis and show that it has opposite effects on gene expression depending on chromatin environment. On one hand, DOT1L represses autosomal genes that are devoid of H3K79me2 at their bodies and located in H3K27me3-rich/H3K27ac-poor environments.

Semi-mechanistic efficacy model for PARP + ATR inhibitors-application to rucaparib and talazoparib in combination with gartisertib in breast cancer PDXs.

Background: Promising cancer treatments, such as DDR inhibitors, are often challenged by the heterogeneity of responses in clinical trials. The present work aimed to build a computational framework to address those challenges.

Methods: A semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of tumour growth inhibition was developed to investigate the efficacy of PARP and ATR inhibitors as monotherapies, and in combination.

TDP-43 nuclear retention is antagonized by hypo-phosphorylation of its C-terminus in the cytoplasm.

Protein aggregation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in which TDP-43, a nuclear RNA-binding protein, forms cytoplasmic inclusions. Here, we have developed a robust and automated method to assess protein self-assembly in the cytoplasm using microtubules as nanoplatforms. Importantly, we have analyzed specifically the self-assembly of full-length TDP-43 and its mRNA binding that are regulated by the phosphorylation of its self-adhesive C-terminus, which is the recipient of many pathological mutations.