Digital Representation of Patients as Medical Digital Twins: Data-Centric Viewpoint.

Precision medicine involves a paradigm shift toward personalized data-driven clinical decisions. The concept of a medical "digital twin" has recently become popular to designate digital representations of patients as a support for a wide range of data science applications. However, the concept is ambiguous when it comes to practical implementations.

The Explo'Santé mixed methods protocol: an interventional research school health promotion project in France.

Background: According to WHO, "noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people" annually, as the primary cause of death globally. WHO's Global Action Plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013-2020 (extended) tackles this issue and its implications regarding inequalities between countries and populations. Based on combined behavioural, environmental and policy approaches, health promotion aims to reduce health inequities and address health determinants through 3 strategies: education, prevention and protection.

The PROPHECI trial: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial for the treatment of pseudoxanthoma elasticum with oral pyrophosphate.

Background: /aims. Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE, OMIM 264800) is an autosomal, recessive, metabolic disorder characterized by progressive ectopic calcification in the skin, the vasculature and Bruch's membrane. Variants in the ABCC6 gene are associated with low plasma pyrophosphate (PPi) concentration.

Turning residues into valuable compounds: organic waste conversion into odd-chain fatty acids via the carboxylate platform by recombinant oleaginous yeast.

Environmental concerns are rising the need to find cost-effective alternatives to fossil oils. In this sense, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are proposed as carbon source for microbial oils production that can be converted into oleochemicals. This investigation took advantage of the outstanding traits of recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica strains to assess the conversion of SCFAs derived from real digestates into odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA).

Neurocognitive impact of different irradiation modalities for patients with grade I-II skull base meningioma: a prospective multi-arm cohort study (CANCER COG).

Background: Radiotherapy as a complement or an alternative to neurosurgery has a central role in the treatment of skull base grade I-II meningiomas. Radiotherapy techniques have improved considerably over the last two decades, becoming more effective and sparing more and more the healthy tissue surrounding the tumour. Currently, hypo-fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for small tumours and normo-fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or proton-therapy (PT) for larger tumours are the most widely used techniques.

Identification of major trauma using the simplified abbreviated injury scale to estimate the injury severity score: a diagnostic accuracy and validation study.

Background: The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) grade the severity of injuries and are useful for trauma audit and benchmarking. However, AIS coding is complex and requires specifically trained staff. A simple yet reliable scoring system is needed.

Emergence and polyclonal dissemination of NDM-5/OXA-181 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli in the French Indian Ocean territories.

Aim: Located in the Southwest Indian Ocean area (SIOA), the two French overseas territories (FOTs) of Reunion and Mayotte islands are heavily impacted by antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate all cases of NDM-5 and OXA-181 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CPEc) in these two FOTs between 2015 and 2020, to better understand the regional spread of these last-line treatment resistant bacteria.

Methods: All E.

Post-therapeutic support and rehabilitation for breast cancer women in complete remission in a thermal resort: study protocol for the PACThe Real-Life conditions observational trial.

Background: Over the past twenty years, the post-cancer rehabilitation has been developed, usually in a hospital setting. Although this allows better care organization and improved security, it is perceived as stressful and restrictive by the "cancer survivor". Therefore, the transfer of benefits to everyday life is more difficult, or even uncertain.

Relationship between age, conditioning intensity, and outcome after allografting in adults age ≥60 years with AML.

Methodological advancements now allow older adults with AML to receive allografts although conflicting data exist regarding relative outcomes across age groups and benefits of different conditioning intensities. We retrospectively analyzed 495 adults aged 60-64 (n = 184), 65-69 (n = 189), or ≥70 (n = 122) allografted for AML in remission at our institution from 2006 to 2023. There were no significant differences in relapse or relapse-free survival (RFS) among the 3 age cohorts after multivariable adjustment.

Statistical flaws of the fitness-fatigue sports performance prediction model.

Optimizing athletic training programs with the support of predictive models is an active research topic, fuelled by a consistent data collection. The Fitness-Fatigue Model (FFM) is a pioneer for modelling responses to training on performance based on training load exclusively. It has been subject to several extensions and its methodology has been questioned.

Quantifying the shift of public export finance from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

By providing guarantees and direct lending, public export credit agencies (ECAs) de-risk and thus enable energy projects worldwide. Despite their importance for global greenhouse gas emission pathways, a systematic assessment of ECAs' role and financing patterns in the low-carbon energy transition is still needed. Using commercial transaction data, here we analyze 921 energy deals backed by ECAs from 31 OECD and non-OECD countries (excluding Canada) between 2013 and 2023.

ESR Essentials: imaging of common paediatric pulmonary diseases-practice recommendations by the European Society of Paediatric Radiology.

Chest imaging in children presents unique challenges due to varying requirements across age groups. For chest radiographs, achieving optimal images often involves careful positioning and immobilisation techniques. Antero-posterior projections are easier to obtain in younger children, while lateral decubitus radiographs are sometimes used when expiratory images are difficult to obtain and for free air exclusion.

Medical management pathways for Cushing's disease in pituitary tumors centers of excellence (PTCOEs).

Purpose: A recent update of consensus guidelines for the management of Cushing's disease (CD) included indications for medical therapy. However, there is limited evidence regarding their implementation in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate current medical therapy approaches by expert pituitary centers through an audit conducted to validate the criteria of Pituitary Tumors Centers of Excellence (PTCOEs) and provide an initial standard of medical care for CD.

Hallmark discoveries in the biology of non-Wilms tumour childhood kidney cancers.

Approximately 20% of paediatric and adolescent/young adult patients with renal tumours are diagnosed with non-Wilms tumour, a broad heterogeneous group of tumours that includes clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney, renal-cell carcinoma, renal medullary carcinoma and other rare histologies. The differential diagnosis of these tumours dates back many decades, when these pathologies were identified initially through clinicopathological observation of entities with outcomes that diverged from Wilms tumour, corroborated with immunohistochemistry and molecular cytogenetics and, subsequently, through next-generation sequencing. These advances enabled near-definitive recognition of different tumours and risk stratification of patients.

Signature cytokine-associated transcriptome analysis of effector γδ T cells identifies subset-specific regulators of peripheral activation.

γδ T cells producing either interleukin-17A (γδ cells) or interferon-γ (γδ cells) are generated in the mouse thymus, but the molecular regulators of their peripheral functions are not fully characterized. Here we established an Il17a-GFP:Ifng-YFP double-reporter mouse strain to analyze at unprecedented depth the transcriptomes of pure γδ cell versus γδ cell populations from peripheral lymph nodes. Within a very high fraction of differentially expressed genes, we identify a panel of 20 new signature genes in steady-state γδ cells versus γδ cells, which we further validate in models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cerebral malaria, respectively.

An evaporite sequence from ancient brine recorded in Bennu samples.

Evaporation or freezing of water-rich fluids with dilute concentrations of dissolved salts can produce brines, as observed in closed basins on Earth and detected by remote sensing on icy bodies in the outer Solar System. The mineralogical evolution of these brines is well understood in regard to terrestrial environments, but poorly constrained for extraterrestrial systems owing to a lack of direct sampling. Here we report the occurrence of salt minerals in samples of the asteroid (101955) Bennu returned by the OSIRIS-REx mission.

The Ronne Ice Shelf survived the last interglacial.

The fate of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is the largest cause of uncertainty in long-term sea-level projections. In the last interglacial (LIG) around 125,000 years ago, data suggest that sea level was several metres higher than today, and required a significant contribution from Antarctic ice loss, with WAIS usually implicated. Antarctica and the Southern Ocean were warmer than today, by amounts comparable to those expected by 2100 under moderate to high future warming scenarios.

Bat genomes illuminate adaptations to viral tolerance and disease resistance.

Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans. Bats have been suggested to harbour more zoonotic viruses than any other mammalian order. Infections in bats are largely asymptomatic, indicating limited tissue-damaging inflammation and immunopathology.

Neural signatures of risk-taking adaptions across health, bipolar disorder, and lithium treatment.

Cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder (BD) and its treatment are still poorly understood. Here we examined the role of adaptations in risk-taking using a reward-guided decision-making task. We recruited volunteers with high (n = 40) scores on the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, MDQ, suspected of high risk for bipolar disorder and those with low-risk scores (n = 37).

Convergent evidence for the temperature-dependent emergence of silicification in terrestrial plants.

Research on silicon (Si) biogeochemistry and its beneficial effects for plants has received significant attention over several decades, but the reasons for the emergence of high-Si plants remain unclear. Here, we combine experimentation, field studies and analysis of existing databases to test the role of temperature on the expression and emergence of silicification in terrestrial plants. We first show that Si is beneficial for rice under high temperature (40 °C), but harmful under low temperature (0 °C), whilst a 2 °C increase results in a 37% increase in leaf Si concentrations.

Single cell profiling of circulating autoreactive CD4 T cells from patients with autoimmune liver diseases suggests tissue imprinting.

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) involve dysregulated CD4 T cell responses against liver self-antigens, but how these autoreactive T cells relate to liver tissue pathology remains unclear. Here we perform single-cell transcriptomic and T cell receptor analyses of circulating, self-antigen-specific CD4 T cells from patients with AILD and identify a subset of liver-autoreactive CD4 T cells with a distinct B-helper transcriptional profile characterized by PD-1, TIGIT and HLA-DR expression. These cells share clonal relationships with expanded intrahepatic T cells and exhibit transcriptional signatures overlapping with tissue-resident T cells in chronically inflamed environments.

CODE-ACCORD: A Corpus of building regulatory data for rule generation towards automatic compliance checking.

Automatic Compliance Checking (ACC) within the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector necessitates automating the interpretation of building regulations to achieve its full potential. Converting textual rules into machine-readable formats is challenging due to the complexities of natural language and the scarcity of resources for advanced Machine Learning (ML). Addressing these challenges, we introduce CODE-ACCORD, a dataset of 862 sentences from the building regulations of England and Finland.

Diffusion-driven transient hydrogenation in metal superhydrides at extreme conditions.

In recent years, metal hydride research has become one of the driving forces of the high-pressure community, as it is believed to hold the key to superconductivity close to ambient temperature. While numerous novel metal hydride compounds have been reported and extensively investigated for their superconducting properties, little attention has been focused on the atomic and electronic states of hydrogen, the main ingredient in these novel compounds. Here, we present combined H- and La-NMR data on lanthanum superhydrides, LaH, (x = 10.

[Total nasal reconstruction by folded forearm radial flap: Technical note].

Total nasal reconstruction represents a complex challenge, requiring restoration of all three anatomical planes while preserving respiratory function. This procedure has significant therapeutic, aesthetic, social and professional implications for patients. We share our academic experience of reconstruction using a folded microanastomosed radial forearm flap (FRFF) combined with a paramedian forehead flap, using the technique of F.

Evolution of different forearm flap designs in phalloplasty.

Phalloplasty is one of the most complex procedures in plastic surgery. The criteria for an ideal neophallus include an aesthetic and erogenous phallus that allows for sexual intercourse, with a functional neo-urethra enabling standing urination. The free forearm flap has become the gold standard for phallic reconstruction.