Future directions in the evaluation and management of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer.

There is a much debate regarding optimal selection in patients with metastatic cancer who should undergo local treatment (surgery or radiation treatment) to the primary tumor and/or metastases. Additionally, the optimal treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer is largely unclear. Current prognostication systems to best inform these clinical scenarios are limited, as all metastatic patients are grouped together as having Stage IV disease without further incorporation of patient and disease-specific covariates that significantly impact patient outcomes.

Global impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in all ages: the PSERENADE project.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) introduced in childhood national immunization programs lowered vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but replacement with non-vaccine-types persisted throughout the PCV10/13 follow-up period. We assessed PCV10/13 impact on pneumococcal meningitis incidence globally.

Methods: The number of cases with serotyped pneumococci detected in cerebrospinal fluid and population denominators were obtained from surveillance sites globally.

Effect of inulin supplementation on fecal and blood metabolome in alcohol use disorder patients: A randomised, controlled dietary intervention.

Background And Aims: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized notably by gut microbial dysbiosis and insufficient dietary fiber intake. This study aims to investigate the effect of dietary fiber placebo-controlled intervention in patients suffering from AUD during a three-week period of alcohol withdrawal, in order to discover microbial-derived metabolites that could be involved in metabolic and behavioral status.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed with 50 AUD patients supplemented with inulin (prebiotic dietary fiber) or maltodextrin (placebo) during 17 days.

Incidence and comparison of postoperative explained and unexplained fever in open aortic repair.

Objective: Fever is a classic symptom in postoperative period, but to our knowledge no study shows exclusively the occurrence of fever after open aortic repair (OAR) and explores the difference between explained and unexplained fever.

Methods: Patients who underwent an OAR between March 2018 to April 2023 in Reims University Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. The primary endpoint was the rate of fever after OAR, which was classed in explained fever group (eFG) or unexplained fever group (uFG).

Dual role of Xenopus Odf2 in multiciliated cell patterning and differentiation.

In developing tissues, the number, position, and differentiation of cells must be coordinately controlled to ensure the emergence of physiological function. The epidermis of the Xenopus embryo contains thousands of uniformly distributed multiciliated cells (MCCs), which grow hundreds of coordinately polarized cilia that beat vigorously to generate superficial water flow. Using this model, we uncovered a dual role for the conserved centriolar component Odf2, in MCC apical organization at the cell level, and in MCC spatial distribution at the tissue level.

Pulsed Field Ablation in the Elderly via a Pentaspline Multielectrode Catheter: Safety, Efficacy, and Comparison with Cryoballoon and Radiofrequency Devices.

Background: Catheter ablation is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has emerged as a novel energy modality, which relies on high-voltage electric fields to achieve cardiac tissue ablation. Data on its efficacy in the elderly are scarce.

Life expectancy losses in the Gaza Strip during the period October, 2023, to September, 2024.

Background: In the context of the ongoing war in the Gaza Strip, the Gaza Health Ministry (GHM) has reported 45 936 fatalities and more than 10 000 individuals missing or under the rubble for the period Oct 7, 2023, to Jan 8, 2025. The scope of this death count is difficult to fully interpret because it does not account for the size and age distribution of the Gaza Strip population. Moreover, the quality of this death count has been questioned.

Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Vosoritide in Children with Achondroplasia: French Early Access Program.

Introduction: Vosoritide is the first approved treatment for achondroplasia, a rare genetic disorder that results in disproportionate short stature. In clinical trials, vosoritide has shown a positive safety profile and increased height in children with achondroplasia. This paper shares the organizational structure, initiation, follow-up protocol, and findings of a vosoritide early access program (EAP) conducted in France.

Nivolumab and hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma: A phase 2 trial.

Background: Radiotherapy is thought to enhance anti-tumor immunity, particularly when delivered in a hypofractionated and multisite manner. Therefore, we investigated the effects of combining radiotherapy with nivolumab in patients with advanced melanoma.

Methods: This was a multicenter, non-randomized, phase 2 trial that enrolled patients with treatment-naïve metastatic melanoma.

Survival outcomes for patients with invasive lobular cancer by MammaPrint: Results from the MINDACT phase III trial.

Background: Evaluation of the prognostic performance and clinical utility of the MammaPrint 70-gene signature in early-stage invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) for whom such analyses in a randomized trial is awaited.

Patients And Methods: Exploratory subgroup analysis of MINDACT trial patients with centrally assessed histology (n = 5929) with invasive breast cancer of no-special-type (NST), or pure ILC. In the trial patients were categorized based on the 70-gene signature for genomic risk and modified Adjuvant!Online for clinical risk.

Impact of circulating lymphocyte kinetics following radiotherapy on patient survival: A model-based meta-analysis.

Introduction: Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) has been shown to adversely affect the prognosis of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT). This model-based meta-analysis investigated the prognostic significance of lymphocyte counts both early and late after RT and examined the dose‒response relationship between post-RT lymphocyte levels and patient survival.

Methods: A literature search of published articles on the effect of RIL on cancer prognosis was conducted using the PubMed and Cochrane databases.

Unsupervised segmentation of heart sounds from abrupt changes detection.

Background And Objective: Heart auscultation enables early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Automated segmentation of cardiograms into fundamental heart states can guide physicians to analyze the patient's condition more effectively. In this work, we propose an unsupervised method of segmentation into heart sounds and silences based on the detection of abrupt changes in the signal.

Rootstocks and drought stress impact the composition and functionality of grapevine rhizosphere bacterial microbiota.

The microbiota, a component of the plant holobiont, plays an active role in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nowadays, with recurrent drought and global warming, a growing challenge in viticulture is being addressed by different practices, including the use of adapted rootstocks. However, the relationships between these practices, abiotic stress and the composition and functions of the rhizosphere microbiota remain to be deciphered.

Comparison of cadmium pathways in a high Cd accumulating cultivar versus a low Cd accumulating cultivar of Theobroma cacao L.

Understanding cadmium (Cd) pathways in cacao trees is critical for developing Cd mitigation strategies. This study investigates whether Cd uptake and translocation mechanisms differ between a low and a high Cd-accumulating cacao cultivar. We sampled three replicate trees of each cultivar, and a grafted cultivar that shared the same scion as the low Cd accumulator but had a different rootstock.

Influence of two strength training modalities (hypertrophy vs. contrast training) on muscular strength, bone health parameters and quality of life in a group of older adults with low skeletal muscle mass index.

The main aim of the current study was to compare the effects of two strength training modalities (hypertrophy vs. contrast training) on bone health parameters, physical performance and quality of life in a group of subjects aged 60 and above with low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). 45 older adults voluntarily participated in this study, but only 41 (22 women and 19 men) completed it.

Bees as environmental and toxicological bioindicators in the light of pesticide non-targeted exposure.

Pesticides have a significant impact on the environment, harming valuable non-target organisms like bees. Honeybees, in particular, are ideal bioindicators of pesticide exposure due to extensive research on how pesticides affect their behavior, immunity, development, biomolecules, and detoxification. However, wild pollinators are less studied in terms of pesticide exposure, and their inclusion is essential for a comprehensive risk assessment.

Structural and functional responses of soil fungal and bacterial communities to a lithium contamination gradient.

The use of lithium (Li) in decarbonization strategies has positioned it as a central component of modern technological advances, particularly in battery applications. However, the increasing demand for Li has raised concerns about its environmental consequences, which are poorly documented. This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by examining the impact of Li on soil bacterial/fungal communities.

Predictive coding and attention in developmental cognitive neuroscience and perspectives for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Sensory prediction and repetition suppression are closely related cognitive mechanisms that allow the brain to form predictions about the environment, and guide perception in synergy with attention. Predictive coding is a theory of the fundamental role of predictive mechanisms in brain functions. Authors have proposed a central role of predictive impairments in autism and possibly other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Development and characterization of farnesol complexed in β- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and their antibacterial activity.

Farnesol (FAR) belongs to terpenes group and is a sesquiterpene alcohol and a hydrophobic compound, which can be extracted from natural sources or obtained by organic chemical or biological synthesis. Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology allow the drawbacks of low drug solubility, which can improve the drug therapeutic index. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare the FAR inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) through freeze-drying method, proposing their physicochemical characterization, comparing their toxicity, and evaluating their in vitro antibacterial activity.