Cardiovascular risk associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus other conventional glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type-2 diabetes: protocol for a nationwide observational comparative study in routine care.

Introduction: Several cardiovascular outcome trials have been conducted to assess the cardiovascular safety and efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) on cardiorenal outcomes in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). However, the strict requirements of randomised controlled trials to avoid most confounding factors are at the expense of external validity. Using national real-world data, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of GLP-1RAs in association with metformin especially on cardiovascular events, hospitalisation for heart failure and all-cause death in comparison with other diabetes treatment schemes using dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, sulfonylureas/glinides or insulin also associated with metformin.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome: a germline splice variant reveals a novel physiological alternative transcript.

Background: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) predisposes individuals to a wide range of cancers from childhood onwards, underscoring the crucial need for accurate interpretation of germline variants for optimal clinical management of patients and families. Several unclassified variants, particularly those potentially affecting splicing, require specialised testing. One such example is the NM_000546.

The role of ribosomal protein networks in ribosome dynamics.

Accurate protein synthesis requires ribosomes to integrate signals from distant functional sites and execute complex dynamics. Despite advances in understanding ribosome structure and function, two key questions remain: how information is transmitted between these distant sites, and how ribosomal movements are synchronized? We recently highlighted the existence of ribosomal protein networks, likely evolved to participate in ribosome signaling. Here, we investigate the relationship between ribosomal protein networks and ribosome dynamics.

Drivers of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales colonization among residents of long-term health care facilities: a European multicentric prospective cohort study.

Background: ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) are highly prevalent in long-term healthcare (LTCF) settings. In order to estimate the acquisition rate of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in LTCF settings and identify clinical and environmental risk factors, a multicentric, prospective cohort study was conducted in six LTCFs in Germany, France, Spain and the Netherlands.

Methods: Longitudinal screening of residents was performed over 32 weeks, collecting epidemiological and clinical data and environmental samples.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Low-Dose Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in a Real-World Setting.

Background: This large-scale study analyzes factors affecting diagnostic accuracy of low-dose myocardial perfusion imaging and correlation with coronary angiography in a real-world practice.

Methods: We compared data extracted from routine reports of (i) low-dose [Tc]sestamibi stress-MPI performed with no attenuation correction and predominantly exercise stress testing and (ii) the corresponding coronary angiography.

Results: We considered 1070 pairs of coronary angiography/stress-MPI results reported by 11 physicians.

Nose-to-brain delivery of DHA-loaded nanoemulsions: A promising approach against Alzheimer's disease.

Reduced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations seem to be associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and DHA accretion to the brain across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) can be modulated by various factors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify an efficient and non-invasive method to ensure brain DHA enrichment. In the present study, a safe and stable DHA-enriched nanoemulsion, designed to protect DHA against oxidation, was designed and administered intranasally in a transgenic mouse model of AD, the J20 mice.

Phylogenomic insights into the taxonomy, ecology, and mating systems of the lorchel family Discinaceae (Pezizales, Ascomycota).

Lorchels, also known as false morels (Gyromitra sensu lato), are iconic due to their brain-shaped mushrooms and production of gyromitrin, a deadly mycotoxin. Molecular phylogenetic studies have hitherto failed to resolve deep-branching relationships in the lorchel family, Discinaceae, hampering our ability to settle longstanding taxonomic debates and to reconstruct the evolution of toxin production. We generated 75 draft genomes from cultures and ascomata (some collected as early as 1960), conducted phylogenomic analyses using 1542 single-copy orthologs to infer the early evolutionary history of lorchels, and identified genomic signatures of trophic mode and mating-type loci to better understand lorchel ecology and reproductive biology.

Global Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Liver Cancer, and Alcohol Use Disorder, 2000-2021.

Background/aims: Alcohol represents a leading burden of disease worldwide, including alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). We aim to assess the global burden of AUD, ALD, and alcohol-attributable primary liver cancer between 2000-2021.

Methods: We registered the global and regional trends of AUD, ALD, and alcohol-related liver cancer using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study, the largest and most up-to-date global epidemiology database.

Cad1 turns ATP into phage poison.

Type III CRISPR-Cas executes a multifaceted anti-phage response, activating effectors such as a nuclease or membrane depolarizer. In a recent Cell paper, Baca and Majumder et al. report an accessory effector, Cad1, which deaminates ATP into ITP, causing ITP accumulation and host growth arrest, thereby inhibiting phage propagation.

Polar lipids and proteins in milk fat globule membranes as players in spontaneous lipolysis in cow's milk.

A study of the lipidome and proteome was performed on milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) originating from milk samples from high (HL) and low (LL) lipolysis groups of cows. Combined univariate and multivariate statistical analyses proposed a set of variables highly associated to contrasted samples with regard to milk lipolysis. Milk from HL group were related to 4 phosphatidylinositols, 8 phosphatidylcholines, 1 sphingomyelin and 27 proteins, among them the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and ORM1 may contribute to the membrane remodeling of the MFGM.

Use of vaginal pessary in women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse: Risk factors for failure one year after insertion.

Introduction: Vaginal pessaries are offered as a first-line treatment for symptoms associated with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The objective of our study was to identify risk factors for failure of pessary use within 1 year of insertion.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively included women who accepted a pessary fitting for symptomatic POP.

Comparison of oxytocin use between singleton and twin pregnancies during induction of labor: A multicenter case-control study.

Objective: To compare the oxytocin doses used during induction, relative to the number of labor hours, between singleton and twin pregnancies.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study in two tertiary referral centers in France. Women with twin pregnancies who underwent labor induction with oxytocin in each center were eligible.

Prevalence rate of high-grade cytological lesions of the cervix in women aged under 25 years in French Guiana.

Introduction: The incidence of cervical cancer in French Guiana is among the highest worldwide. It ranks 5th among all cancers and is the 2nd most common cancer in women after breast cancer. The primary objective of this study was to establish the proportion of high-grade cytological lesions of the cervix in women under 25 years of age who underwent a cervico-uterine smear (CUS) in French Guiana over a 10-year period.

Detection of Echinococcus spp. and other taeniid species in lettuces and berries: Two international multicenter studies from the MEmE project.

Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis are severe zoonotic diseases characterized by long asymptomatic periods lasting months or years. Viable Echinococcus spp. eggs released into the environment through the feces of canids can infect humans through accidental ingestion via hand-to-mouth contact or consumption of contaminated food or water.

Investigating 3-CMC metabolism: Insights from liver microsomes and postmortem biological matrix.

3-Chloromethcathinone (3-CMC) is a synthetic cathinone that has been identified as a new psychoactive substance (NPS) by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Despite its increasing prevalence in the recreational drug market since 2014, scientific literature on 3-CMC remains limited. This study employed a multi-step approach to investigate 3-CMC metabolism.

Efficacy of a vein visualisation device for facilitating peripheral venous line placement in adult patients with sickle cell disease: A randomised clinical trial.

Background: Intravenous (IV) access is often required for the treatment of vaso-occlusive crises in patients with sickle cell disease, but can be particularly challenging due to recurrent venous damage. The AccuVein® device, uses near-infrared light technology to visualise veins for easier venepuncture.

Methods: A randomised, controlled trial of the efficacy of the AccuVeinAV400® device in the replacement of peripheral venous lines during a vaso-occlusive crisis was conducted at two centres in France.

'Truly, Madly, Deeply': Using Law to Compel Health and Lifestyle Influencers to Tell the Truth.

Influencers are content creators who post online about their lives and can amass a significant following. Influencers can be dangerous by negatively affecting their followers' body image and marketing products in a deceptive way. The limited academic writings which consider influencer regulation note an incongruency between influencer conduct and the corresponding regulatory system.

Mania secondary to cotrimoxazole antibiotherapy: a case report and review of literature.

Background: Antibiomania is the manifestation of manic symptoms secondary to taking an antibiotic, which is a rare side effect. In these cases, the antibiotics most often incriminated are macrolides and quinolones, but to our knowledge, there are no published cases of antibiomania secondary to cotrimoxazole. Furthermore, we also provide an update of pharmacovigilance data concerning antibiomania through a search of the World Health Organization (WHO) database.

Systemic regulation of retinal medium-chain fatty acid oxidation repletes TCA cycle flux in oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Activation of anaplerosis takes away glutamine from the biosynthetic pathways to the energy-producing TCA cycle. Especially, induction of hyperoxia driven anaplerosis in neurovascular tissues such as the retina during early stages of development could deplete biosynthetic precursors from newly proliferating endothelial cells impeding physiological angiogenesis and leading to vasoobliteration. Using an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model, we investigated the metabolic differences between OIR-resistant BALB/cByJ and OIR susceptible C57BL/6J strains at system levels to understand the molecular underpinnings that potentially contribute to hyperoxia-induced vascular abnormalities in the neural retina.

Understanding the Physiopathology of Pain Pathways for a Practical Approach of Cancer Pain Management.

Pain associated with cancer is often the first symptom reported with major repercussions on patient's quality of life. Mechanical compression, release of algogenic substances by the tumor or the complications of oncologic treatment represent the major causes. Nociceptive and neuropathic pain are both induced by different mediators that give rise to a neuroinflammation creating a peripheral and central sensitization responsible of chronic pain.