Joint EANM/EANO/RANO/SNMMI practice guideline/procedure standard for PET imaging of brain metastases: version 1.0.

This joint practice guideline/procedure standard was collaboratively developed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO), and the PET task force of the Response Assessment in Neurooncology Working Group (PET/RANO). Brain metastases are the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors. PET imaging with radiolabeled amino acids and to lesser extent [F]FDG has gained considerable importance in the assessment of brain metastases, especially for the differential diagnosis between recurrent metastases and treatment-related changes which remains a limitation using conventional MRI.

Tumor burden with AFP improves survival prediction for TACE-treated patients with HCC: An international observational study.

Background & Aims: Current prognostic models for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) are not extensively validated and widely accepted. We aimed to develop and validate a continuous model incorporating tumor burden and biology for individual survival prediction and risk stratification.

Methods: Overall, 4,377 treatment-naive candidates for whom TACE was recommended, from 39 centers in five countries, were enrolled and divided into training, internal validation, and two external validation datasets.

A Prospective Non-interventional Real-World Study of cabozantinib in Pretreated Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Refractory to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Targeted Therapy (CASSIOPE).

Background: There is a lack of published data on real-world cabozantinib use in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma after prior vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy.

Methods: CASSIOPE was a real-world, prospective, multicenter, non-interventional postauthorization safety study of cabozantinib in adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in Europe following prior VEGF-targeted treatment (NCT03419572). Endpoints included cabozantinib utilization (dose modifications due to adverse events [AEs; primary endpoint], dose, dose modifications, and treatment duration), safety, effectiveness (progression-free survival [PFS], overall survival [OS], best overall response [BOR]), and healthcare resource utilization.

A relay race of ESCRT-III paralogs drives cell division in a hyperthermophilic archaeon.

Unlabelled: Cell division is a fundamental process ensuring the perpetuation of all cellular life forms. Archaea of the order Sulfolobales divide using a simpler version of the eukaryotic endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, composed of three ESCRT-III homologs (ESCRT-III, -III-1, and -III-2), AAA+ ATPase Vps4 and an archaea-specific component CdvA. Here, we clarify how these components act sequentially to drive the division of the hyperthermophilic archaeon .

Induction triplet chemotherapy in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma and synchronous metastases, an AGEO-FFCD study.

Aim Of The Study: The management of synchronous metastatic rectal cancer (SMRC) is complex and multimodal, involving chemotherapy, surgery and/or radiotherapy. The aim of this study was firstly to confirm the efficacy of the induction FOLFIRINOX, and secondly to evaluate the different therapeutic strategies and outcomes of patients.

Patients And Methods: This French study combined data from a prospective FFCD trial and a multicenter cohort.

Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 resistance in solid tumours.

Cancer immunotherapies with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint molecules are clinically active across multiple cancer entities and have markedly improved cancer treatment. Yet, response rates are still limited, and tumour progression commonly occurs. Soluble and cell-bound factors in the tumour microenvironment negatively affect cancer immunity.

Standards for Quality Improvement Registries on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Delphi Consensus Report From VASCUNET and International Consortium of Vascular Registries.

Objective: Outcome registries in vascular surgery are increasingly used to drive quality improvement by vascular societies. The VASCUNET collaboration, within the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS), and the International Consortium of Vascular Registries (ICVR) developed a set of variables for quality improvement registries on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair as a registry standard.

Methods: Representatives from international vascular registries within VASCUNET, ICVR, and other nations with established registries were invited to provide the variables.

Semiautomatic volume measure of kidney vascular territories on CT angiography to plan aortic aneurysm repair in patients with horseshoe kidney.

Surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurism (AAA) with horseshoe kidney (HK) is challenging because of several accessory renal arteries (RAs), variable in number, branches, and vascular territories, with subsequent variable renal damage. The identification of RAs and vascular territories could contribute to surgical planning. We developed a semiautomatic presurgical computed tomography angiography (CTA)-based model to measure the renal volume of each RA, validated on postsurgical CTA in patients with HK treated for AAA.

Tubulin glutamylation regulates axon guidance via the selective tuning of microtubule-severing enzymes.

The microtubule cytoskeleton is a major driving force of neuronal circuit development. Fine-tuned remodelling of this network by selective activation of microtubule-regulating proteins, including microtubule-severing enzymes, has emerged as a central process in neuronal wiring. Tubulin posttranslational modifications control both microtubule properties and the activities of their interacting proteins.

Remodelling of Rea1 linker domain drives the removal of assembly factors from pre-ribosomal particles.

The ribosome maturation factor Rea1 (or Midasin) catalyses the removal of assembly factors from large ribosomal subunit precursors and promotes their export from the nucleus to the cytosol. Rea1 consists of nearly 5000 amino-acid residues and belongs to the AAA+ protein family. It consists of a ring of six AAA+ domains from which the ≈1700 amino-acid residue linker emerges that is subdivided into stem, middle and top domains.

Serum and urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, serotonin, chromogranin A, and NT-proBNP for the detection of carcinoid heart disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different biomarkers for the detection of carcinoid heart disease (CHD) in neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), in particular serum 5-HIAA (s5HIAA).

Design: An explorative ancillary study of the French CrusoeNET cohort.

Methods: Patients managed in the Lyon-EURACAN Center of Excellence (CoE) were included when they were aged of at least 18 years, treated and followed for an advanced/metastatic ileum or lung NET, a NET irrespective of the primary location or from unknown primary location but with clinical CS, and/or elevation of urinary 5-HIAA (u5HIAA) twice greater than the upper limit of normal.

Primary congenital abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with renovascular hypertension in pediatric patient.

Idiopathic congenital abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a 3-year-old girl with a fusiform AAA measuring 19 mm in segments 4 and 5, associated with renal artery stenosis and severe hypertension. She was treated with three antihypertensive medications.

Early palliative care and overall survival in patients with metastatic upper gastrointestinal cancers (EPIC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled phase 3 trial.

Background: Early palliative care (EPC) leads to an improvement in quality of life and an unexpected survival benefit compared with oncological care for patients with metastatic lung cancer. The Early Palliative Integrated Care (EPIC) is aimed at examining whether EPC can improve overall survival in patients with metastatic upper gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: We performed a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase-3 trial.

External Validation of Fully-Automated Infrarenal Maximum Aortic Aneurysm Diameter Measurements in Computed Tomography Angiography Scans Using Artificial Intelligence (PRAEVAorta 2).

Purpose: This study investigates the accuracy of fully-automated maximum aortic diameter measurements in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients using artificial intelligence software (PRAEVAorta 2, Nurea, Bordeaux, France).

Materials And Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective validation study using prospectively collected data from the Zenith alpha for aneurysm Repair Registry (ZEPHYR). Automated measurements of PRAEVAorta 2 are compared with measurements of an internationally recognized core laboratory (Syntactx, New York, New York State).

The benefit of automated sac volume measurements in postoperative endovascular aortic repair surveillance.

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) shrinkage is considered a marker for success following endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). Although maximum diameter is widely used to assess sac behavior, research indicates that changes in AAA morphology do not always affect the maximum diameter. The aim of this study was to investigate if automated AAA sac volume measurements after EVAR can add more nuanced information on sac behavior compared with maximum diameter evaluation alone.

SARS-CoV-2 Displays a Suboptimal Codon Usage Bias for Efficient Translation in Human Cells Diverted by Hijacking the tRNA Epitranscriptome.

Codon bias analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reveals suboptimal adaptation for translation in human cells it infects. The detailed examination of the codons preferentially used by SARS-CoV-2 shows a strong preference for Lys, Gln, Glu, and Arg, which are infrequently used in human genes. In the absence of an adapted tRNA pool, efficient decoding of these codons requires a 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcms) modification at the U wobble position of the corresponding tRNAs (tLys; tGln; tGlu; tArg).

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MANAGING MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA IN 2024: Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a rare neuroendocrine thyroid cancer with a heterogeneous prognosis which has the particularity of being associated with a RET gene mutation, germline in 20-25% of cases in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (NEM2), and somatic in 70% of sporadic cases. It is often diagnosed on a thyroid nodule or in the context of genetic screening. Calcitonin is a biological marker, used for diagnosis, monitoring of therapeutic response and prognostic evaluation.

[Not Available].

WHO CLASSIFICATION 2022, BETHESDA SYSTEM 2023, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR TESTING: Thyroid pathology has experienced significant advances with the publication of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of endocrine tumors in 2022 and the third edition of the Bethesda system for thyroid cytopathology in 2023. At the same time, the availability of next-generation sequencing data coupled with numerous translational research projects have considerably increased our knowledge of the genomics and mechanics of thyroid cancers, enabling us to refine prognosis and propose new targeted therapies. In this review, we will take up the main new features of the WHO 2022 and Bethesda 2023 classifications, as well as molecular biology findings, with an emphasis on the practical implications for clinicians.

The HSP90/R2TP Quaternary Chaperone Scaffolds Assembly of the TSC Complex.

The R2TP chaperone is composed of the RUVBL1/RUVBL2 AAA+ ATPases and two adapter proteins, RPAP3 and PIH1D1. Together with HSP90, it functions in the assembly of macromolecular complexes that are often involved in cell proliferation. Here, proteomic experiments using the isolated PIH domain reveals additional R2TP partners, including the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and many transcriptional complexes.

Resection of colorectal liver metastases with second-line aflibercept plus FOLFIRI: Results from the RESECTION prospective French cohort.

Aim: To evaluate R0/R1 resection rate in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) treated with aflibercept plus FOLFIRI after failure of a prior oxaliplatin-based regimen in daily clinical practice.

Methods: This French, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort (NCT05178745) included patients with CLM (alone or predominant; up to 5 lung nodules <2 cm allowed) initiating aflibercept plus FOLFIRI every 2 weeks per physician choice. Primary endpoint was R0/R1 resection rate.

Bempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab in first-line advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Results from a phase II single-arm study (PIVOT-10).

Background: In PIVOT-02, bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG), a pegylated interleukin-2 cytokine prodrug, in combination with nivolumab (NIVO), a Programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor, demonstrated the potential to provide additional benefits over immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy in patients with urothelial carcinoma, warranting further investigation. We evaluated BEMPEG plus NIVO in cisplatin-ineligible patients with previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Methods: This open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase II study enrolled patients with locally advanced/surgically unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma and who were ineligible for cisplatin-based treatment.

A hybrid mock circulatory loop integrated with a LED-PIV system for the investigation of AAA compliant phantoms.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and require extensive investigation through studies. Mock Circulatory Loops (MCLs) are advanced platforms that accurately replicate physiological and pathological hemodynamic conditions, while also allowing for precise and patient-specific data collection. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is the standard flow visualization technique for studies, but it is costly and requires strict safety measures.

Novel EBT3 film calibration using an integrated HSV color space analysis.

Purpose: Radiochromic EBT3 films are commonly used as dosimeter for clinical practice and research on radiotherapy. In principle, they are associated with a flatbed scanner to determine the optical density change, which can be correlated to the absorbed dose after calibration. Several approaches have been proposed to reduce the uncertainties during acquisition and to compensate the lighting inhomogeneities, thus improving the dose measurement.

Automated 3D ultrasound bridges the gap between novices and experts in diameter assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Background: The current management of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) hinges upon assessing diameter using ultrasound (US). Diameter reproducibility with conventional two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) is challenging and requires experienced operators. A novel automatic three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) system enables on-cart software-assisted diameter estimation (3D-SAUS), potentially facilitating more precise diameter measurements than 2D-US.