Atypical Wenckebach AV Block in the Infra-Hisian Region: Clinical Implications and Management.

BACKGROUND Second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is a frequently encountered conduction abnormality on surface electrocardiogram (ECG). However, it does not always imply a block at the AV nodal level. In rare cases, this block can occur below the bundle of His, within the infra-Hisian region of the His-Purkinje system.

Nonsurgical management of a congenital aortocaval fistula from right subclavian artery to superior vena cava along with SVC obstruction.

Congenital arteriovenous malformations between the subclavian artery and the superior vena cava (SVC) is a very rare anomaly scantily described in the literature. We describe this anomaly in a 4-month-old infant who presented with congestive heart failure. He was diagnosed to have a right subclavian artery to SVC fistula associated with SVC stenosis.