Vegetative and minimally conscious states: serial assessment approaches in diagnosis and management.

Assessment of vegetative (VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) patients presents clinicians with inherent difficulties (Royal College of Physicians, 2003) in terms of the reliable detection of potential signs of awareness given that all current assessment tools rely on observed behaviour. Recently developed measures such as SMART (Gill-Thwaites & Munday, 1999) and WHIM (Shiel et al., 2000), employing structured operational defined behavioural observations can facilitate the serial assessment of patient awareness, progress and appropriate goal setting particularly as one-off bedside assessments are more likely to be inaccurate.