Nitrogen-fertilizer addition to an agricultural soil enhances biogenic non-extractable residue formation from 2-C,N-glyphosate.

Glyphosate and nitrogen (N) or (P) phosphorus fertilizers are often applied in combination to agricultural fields. The additional P or N supply to microorganisms might drive glyphosate degradation towards sarcosine/glycine or aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and consequently determine the speciation of non-extractable residues (NERs): harmless biogenic NERs (bioNERs) or potentially hazardous xenobiotic NERs (xenoNERs). We therefore investigated the effect of P or N-fertilizers on microbial degradation of glyphosate and bioNER formation in an agricultural soil.

Physicochemical Properties of Choline Chloride/Acetic Acid as a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Binary Solutions with DMSO at 298.15 to 353.15 K.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered to play an important role in green chemistry and other technological fields as an alternative to organic solvents. The present study reports measurements of density (ρ), speed of sound (u), dynamic viscosity (η), and electrical conductivity (κ) and investigates physicochemical properties of choline chloride/acetic acid (ChCl/AcA DES) and its binary mixtures with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) over the entire composition and temperature (298.15-353.

Elucidating the structural, catalytic, and antibacterial traits of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica leaf extract-mediated synthesis of the Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite.

The present exploration demonstrates the efficient, sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly green approach for the synthesis of silver (Ag)-doped copper oxide (CuO) embedded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite using the green one-pot method and the green deposition method. Leaf extracts of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica were used for both methods as reducing and capping agents. The effect of methodology and plant extract was analyzed through different characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).

Part-II: an update of Schiff bases synthesis and applications in medicinal chemistry-a patent review (2016-2023).

Introduction: Schiff bases are compounds with characteristic features of azomethine linkage (-C=N-). Schiff bases are capable of coordinating with metal ions via azomethine nitrogen. Schiff base derivatives and their metal complexes are known for intriguing novel therapeutic properties.

Cotton microbiome profiling and Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD) suppression through microbial consortia associated with Gossypium arboreum.

The failure of breeding strategies has caused scientists to shift to other means where the new approach involves exploring the microbiome to modulate plant defense mechanisms against Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD). The cotton microbiome of CLCuD-resistant varieties may harbor a multitude of bacterial genera that significantly contribute to disease resistance and provide information on metabolic pathways that differ between the susceptible and resistant varieties. The current study explores the microbiome of CLCuD-susceptible Gossypium hirsutum and CLCuD-resistant Gossypium arboreum using 16 S rRNA gene amplification for the leaf endophyte, leaf epiphyte, rhizosphere, and root endophyte of the two cotton species.

Exploring the potential of natural polymers from plants as tablet binder and accessing their release profiles: A comparative analysis.

A tablet is a compact dosage form that includes both the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and various excipients, where a binder acts as an excipient, imparting cohesive quality in the powdered material. The present study aimed to extract polysaccharides from plant samples; Plantago ovata seeds, Plantago ovata husk, Lallemantia royleana, Ocimum basilicum and Acacia nilotica and to investigate their efficacy as tablet excipients. The wet granulation method was adopted for tablet formulation.

Drug-ionic surfactant interactions: density, sound speed, spectroscopic, and electrochemical studies.

The failure of antibiotics against infectious diseases has become a global health issue due to the incessant use of antibiotics in the community and a lack of entry of new antibacterial drugs onto the market. The limited knowledge of biophysical interactions of existing antibiotics with bio-membranes is one of the major hurdles to design and develop more effective antibiotics. Surfactant systems are the simplest biological membrane models that not only mimic the cell membrane functions but are also used to investigate the biophysical interactions between pharmaceutical drugs and bio-membranes at the molecular level.

Friedelin and Glutinol induce neuroprotection against ethanol induced neurotoxicity in pup's brain through reduction of TNF-α, NF-kB, caspase-3 and PARP-1.

Ethanol administration triggers an inflammatory response that leads to a complex series of immune responses including the release of an excessive amount of inflammatory mediators particularly tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-KB) which produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species. The inflammatory-induced cytotoxicity is increased when the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway is inhibited. Some studies have also shown that ethanol suppresses the PI3-kinase signaling pathway induced by receptor activation.

Compositional profiling and sensory analysis of cauliflower by-products-enriched muffins.

Cauliflower ( var) by-products (leaves, stems, stalks) (CBP) were successfully utilized in muffins as a model system and their feasibility of incorporation was investigated. CBP powder-based muffin formulations were made by the progressive replacement of wheat flour (WF) with 10%, 20%, and 30% of CBP. The physicochemical, pasting properties, antioxidant potential, textural characteristics, and sensorial attributes were analyzed.

Extraction and characterization of starch from low-grade potatoes and formulation of gluten-free cookies containing modified potato starch.

Potatoes are among the leading staple crops due to nutritional value and high demand. The undersized and damaged potatoes are considered low grade and mainly dumped as a waste or used in animal feed. The study aimed to extract starch from low grade potatoes, its modification to improve the starch properties and formulation of gluten free cookies using modified starch (MS).

Addressing the elephant in the room: understanding functional neurological symptom disorder through the lens of culture and religion.

Owing to the dearth of scholarly works to understand the presence of Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FNSD) among mental health patients in Pakistan, this study sought to understand how cultural and religious conflicts are implicated in the aetiology of FNSD. The study recruited 22 participants, comprising five men and 17 women. The participants were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry at Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.

Attenuation of CFA-induced chronic inflammation by a bicyclic monoterpene fenchone targeting inducible nitric oxide, prostaglandins, C-reactive protein and urea.

Fenchone (a bicyclic monoterpene) is present in the essential oils of plant species like Foeniculum vulgare and Peumus boldus and is used to treat GIT disorders. Research reports have indicated its strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-nociceptive properties. The present study was designed to investigate fenchone's anti-arthritic effects in a rat model of chronic joint inflammation (Complete Freud's Adjuvant-mediated inflammation [CFA]).

Predictive value of α-synuclein expression in peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients: A two-dimensional assessment of a selected biomarker.

Introduction: Our study aimed to evaluate whether assessing α-synuclein expression levels in blood samples could provide a reliable and straightforward alternative to existing diagnostic and prognostic methods for neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We specifically investigated if α-synuclein and IL-6 expression levels from serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) could accurately predict MS severity in patients using a two-dimensional approach.

Methods: We designed a case-control study to analyze the expression of α-synuclein and IL-6 in the peripheral blood of an MS patient group (n = 51) and a control group (n = 51).

New Acetamide-Sulfonamide-Containing Scaffolds: Antiurease Activity Screening, Structure-Activity Relationship, Kinetics Mechanism, Molecular Docking, and MD Simulation Studies.

The development of novel scaffolds that can increase the effectiveness, safety, and convenience of medication therapy using drug conjugates is a promising strategy. As a result, drug conjugates are an active area of research and development in medicinal chemistry. This research demonstrates acetamide-sulfonamide scaffold preparation after conjugation of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen with sulfa drugs, and these scaffolds were then screened for urease inhibition.

Transgender migration and displacement: the experience of sex workers in Lahore.

This study uses an aspirations-capabilities framework to provide insight into transgender mobility based on in-depth interviews with 30 sex workers in Lahore. Respondents narrated mobility as a defining and persistent feature of their lives linked to their gender variance and experience of everyday violence and discrimination. Mobilities were experienced as oppressive or liberating depending on how much control they provided sex workers within managing risk in their lives.

Effect of storage on physicochemical attributes of ice cream enriched with microencapsulated anthocyanins from black carrot.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of storage on quality attributes of microencapsulated black carrot anthocyanins-enriched ice cream. Purposely, black carrot anthocyanins were obtained using ethanolic extraction. Later on, extracts were acidified and microencapsulated with gum arabic and maltodextrin (1:1).

Photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid using AgO/CuO composites.

Imidacloprid is one of the most commonly used neonicotinoid pesticides that has been identified as a neurotoxin for various non-target organisms. It binds to the central nervous system of organisms, causing paralysis and eventually death. Thus, it is imperative to treat waterwaters contaminated with imidacloprid using an efficient and cost effective method.

Exploring the multifunctional roles of quantum dots for unlocking the future of biology and medicine.

With recent advancements in nanomedicines and their associated research with biological fields, their translation into clinically-applicable products is still below promises. Quantum dots (QDs) have received immense research attention and investment in the four decades since their discovery. We explored the extensive biomedical applications of QDs, viz.

The Role of Major Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation.

Many studies have reported a relationship between inflammation and atrial fibrillation (AF). According to the literature, inflammation is the key component in pathophysiological processes during the development of AF; the amplification of inflammatory pathways triggers AF, and, at the same time, AF increases the inflammatory state. The plasma levels of several inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in patients with AF; therefore, inflammation might contribute to both the maintenance and occurrence of AF and its thromboembolic complications.

Determinants of physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults: a cross-sectional study in senior care facilities of Pakistan (2019/20).

Background: Published research on senior care facilities in Pakistan is scarce and no large-scale study has been conducted to assess factors affecting well-being of older adults in these facilities. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with services along with socio-demographic characteristics on physical, psychological, and social well-being of older residents living in senior care facilities of Punjab, Pakistan.

Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 270 older residents living in 18 senior care facilities across 11 districts of Punjab, Pakistan from November 2019 to February 2020 using multistage random sampling.

High throughput biochemical profiling, and functional potential analysis for valorization of grape peduncles.

Vitis vinifera L., commonly known as grape is a major fruit crop in the world. Grapes seem to confer health benefits due to their chemical components, biological and antioxidant activities.

Transition metal doped CeO for photocatalytic removal of 2-chlorophenol in the exposure of indoor white light and antifungal activity.

Besides natural sunlight and expensive artificial lights, economical indoor white light can play a significant role in activating a catalyst for photocatalytic removal of organic toxins from contaminated water. In the current effort, CeO has been modified with Ni, Cu, and Fe through doping methodology to study the removal of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in the illumination of 70 W indoor LED white light. The absence of additional diffractions due to the dopants and few changes such as reduction in peaks' height, minor peak shift at 2θ (28.

Genome mining of spp. hints towards the production of under-pitched secondary metabolites.

Unlabelled: The recent advances in omics and computational analysis have enabled the capacity to identify the exclusive strain-specific metabolites and novel biosynthetic gene clusters. This study analyzed eight strains of including GS1, GS3, GS4, GS6, GS7, FS2, ARS38, PBSt2, one strain of RP4, one strain of (At1RP4), and one strain of (RS1) for the production of rhamnolipids, quorum-sensing signals, and osmolytes. Seven rhamnolipid derivatives were variably detected in fluorescent pseudomonads.

Assessment of heavy metals and associated oxidative stress in occupationally exposed workers from Bannu and Karak Districts in Pakistan.

Heavy metals (HMs) are extensively found in occupationally exposed miners and industrial workers, which may cause serious health-related problems to the large workforce. In order to evaluate the impact of these toxic pollutants, we have investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) concentration on exposed workers of mining, and woolen textile mill and compared the findings with unexposed individuals. From each category like exposed workers (mining, and woolen mill textile site) and unexposed individuals, 50 blood samples were taken.

Controlled drug release contenders comprising starch/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) biodegradable composite films.

The blending of natural polysaccharides with synthetic polymers has attracted much attention in drug delivery models owing to their remarkable biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics. This study focuses on the facile preparation of a sequence of composite films having Starch/Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (ST/PAH) in different compositions to propose a novel drug delivery system (DDS). ST/PAH blend films were developed and characterized.