The potential of seaweed-derived polysaccharides as sustainable biostimulants in agriculture.

Seaweed polysaccharides such as alginate, carrageenan, agar, and ulvan are emerging as key bioresources in sustainable agriculture due to their unique structural characteristics and functional properties. This review highlights their potential as eco-friendly biostimulants capable of enhancing soil health, plant growth, and stress resilience. Specific mechanisms, including the gel-forming capacity of alginate, ion exchange abilities, and the hydrophilic nature of these polysaccharides, enable improved water retention, nutrient uptake, and plant productivity under adverse conditions, including drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures.

Expression of Agrobacterium Isopentenyl transferase (IPT) gene in wheat improves drought tolerance.

Drought, as an abiotic stressor, globally limits cereal productivity, leading to early aging of leaves and lower yields. The expression of the isopentenyl transferase (IPT) gene, which is involved in cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis, can delay drought-induced leaf senescence. In this study, the Agrobacterium Isopentenyl transferase (IPT) gene was introduced into two local hexaploid wheat cultivars, NR-421 and FSD-2008.

Comparative genetic diagnostic evaluation of pediatric neuromuscular diseases in a consanguineous population.

Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) are a group of neurological diseases that manifest with various clinical symptoms affecting different components of the peripheral nervous system, which play a role in voluntary body movements control. The primary objective of this study is to explore the diagnostic efficacy of a combined genetic and biochemical testing approach for patients with neuromuscular diseases with diverse presentations in a population with high rate of consanguinity. Genetic testing was performed using selected Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) gene panels and whole exome sequencing on the peripheral blood sample from the patients.

CustOmized versus standard fundal-height measuREments for the detection of small-for-gestational age fetuses in low-risk women (CORE study): A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the proportion of small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants detected by routine care versus a growth assessment protocol using customized fundal-height charts in low-risk pregnancies of a developing country.

Methods: An open label randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Fatima Memorial Hospital (NUR International University, Pakistan). Low-risk pregnant women were randomly allocated to routine care (Mcdonald's rule for fundal height measurements followed by referral for scan with discrepancy of 3 cm from gestational age and a contingency third trimester scan) or the growth assessment protocol (GAP) developed by the Perinatal Institute (UK), which consists of the use of gestation-related optimal weight (GROW) customized charts, alongside management protocols for suspected SGA fetuses, audit tools and training.

Predicting the victims of hate speech on microblogging platforms.

Hate speech constitutes a major problem on microblogging platforms, with automatic detection being a growing research area. Most existing works focus on analyzing the content of social media posts. Our study shifts focus to predicting which users are likely to become targets of hate speech.

Toxic Dye Degradation Employing Phoenix dactylifera Seed Extract for the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and Application.

This research highlights the facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Phoenix dactylifera seed extracts and its photocatalytic application for the degradation of toxic dyes. The AgNPs synthesis was confirmed by the appearance of its representative absorption peak at 416 nm in UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, the reduction of silver ions to Ag was justified through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Unlocking the Therapeutic and Antimicrobial Potential of L. Seed Kernel Oil.

The L. (bitter apricot) is an apricot fruit tree categorized on the basis of the bitter taste of its seed kernel. In this study, the functional, medicinal, and therapeutic potential of bitter apricot seed kernel oil (BASKO) was evaluated.

Fault-tolerant partition resolvability of cycle with chord.

In the realm of connected networks, distance-based parameters, particularly the partition dimension of graphs, have extensive applications across various fields, including chemistry and computer science. A notable variant of the partition dimension is the fault-tolerant resolving partition, which is critical in computer science for networking, optimization, and navigation tasks. In networking, fault-tolerant partitioning ensures robust communication pathways even in the event of network failures or disruptions.

Microbial activity, community composition and degraders in the glyphosate-spiked soil are driven by glycine formation.

Widely-used glyphosate may produce aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), glycine and sarcosine. To date, little is known about effects of these degradation products on soil microorganisms and their potential degraders. Here, we incubated a soil spiked either with 2-C-glyphosate, C-AMPA, C-sarcosine or C-glycine for 75 days.

Forecasting mortality and DALYs from air pollution in SAARC nations.

This study investigates the projected impact of air pollution on mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) across SAARC countries. Utilizing Time Series and Machine Learning methodologies such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing, and Neural Network, the research aims to accurately forecast the mortality and DALYs attributed to air pollution from 2020 to 2030. Statistical analyses reveal a consistent upward trend in deaths and DALYs during the forecasting period, primarily driven by Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution (APM) and Ambient Ozone Pollution (AOP).

Fabrication of bio-inorganic metal nanoparticles by low-cost lychee extract for wastewater remediation: a mini-review.

Introduction: This review article gives an overview of the biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles (mNPs) while using extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The subtropical fruit tree i.e lychee contains phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenolic compounds which act as reducing agents and convert the metal ions into metal atoms that coagulate to form mNPs.

The Investigation of Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of Nickel Doped CeO Integrated PVC Nanocomposite.

PVC nanocomposite (NC) films with cubic CeO and Ni-doped CeO (NDC) have been prepared using a conventional solution-casting technique. The prepared films were characterized with FT-IR spectrometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and TGA/DSC.

Optimization study and application of box-behnken model for probing eggshell supported transition metals based catalysts to synthesize hydrazone & dihydropyrimidinones.

Solid supported catalysts have several synthetic applications. Herein, finely ground eggshells were used as a solid support for the preparation of transition metal (Ni, Zn, Cu, Sn and Co) based catalysts to synthesize 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (3) and dihydropyrimidinones (7 and 8). The effect of catalyst load, time and temperature on product yield was studied.

Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of novel piperidine derived thiosemicarbazones as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase.

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an essential enzyme in folate metabolism, presents a promising target for drug development against various diseases, including cancer and tuberculosis. Herein, we present an integrated approach combining in vitro biochemical assays with in silico molecular docking analysis to evaluate the inhibitory potential of 4-piperidine-based thiosemicarbazones 5(a-s) against DHFR. In our in vitro study, a novel series of 4-piperidine-based thiosemicarbazones 5(a-s) were assessed for their inhibitory activity against DHFR enzyme.

A pilot study: Examining cytoskeleton gene expression profiles in Pakistani children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Finding effective pharmacological interventions to address the complex array of neurodevelopmental disorders is currently an urgent imperative within the scientific community as these conditions present significant challenges for patients and their families, often impacting cognitive, emotional, and social development. In this study, we aimed to explore non-invasive method to diagnose autism spectrum disorders (ASD) within Pakistan children population and to identify clinical drugs for its treatment.

Aims: The current report outlines a comprehensive bidirectional investigation showcasing the successful utilization of saliva samples to quantify the expression patterns of profilins (PFN1, 2, and 3); and ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) proteins; and additionally moesin pseudogene 1 and moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS).

Modeling health outcomes of air pollution in the Middle East by using support vector machines and neural networks.

This study investigates the impact of air pollution on health outcomes in Middle Eastern countries, a region facing severe environmental challenges. As such, these are important in an effort to add up to policy-level as well as interventional changes that can be put in practice in the area of public health. Numeration analysis and association with health parameters was carried out by using Analytical tools such as, AIR Data, ARIMA,ANN, SVM and Exponential smoothing.

Fermentation impact: A comparative study on the functional and biological properties of Banana peel waste.

Banana fruit is a highly consumed and widely cultivated world food crop that generates plenty of waste globally. In this work, the phytochemical, nutritional, scavenging and therapeutic potentials of banana peel (BP) extracts were compared before and after fermentation. Halophilic fungi (, spp.

Polymer-assisted synthesis of ternary magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite for the adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions.

The presence of chromium [Cr(VI)] and lead [Pb(II)] ions in the water bodies have adverse effects on humans and aquatic life. Graphene oxide-based magnetic nanocomposites synthesized in the presence of chitosan (mGO/CS) or polyaniline (mGO/PA) as potential adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions. The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) were employed to investigate the chemical composition, structural, elemental analysis, crystalline size and morphology of the nanocomposites.

Synthesis, in vitro, and in silico study of novel pyridine based 1,3-diphenylurea derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors.

Tyrosinase inhibitors are studied in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors as tyrosinase enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of melanin, hence these inhibitors are beneficial for the management of melanogenesis and hyperpigmentation-related disorders. In the current work, a novel series of diphenyl urea derivatives containing a halo-pyridine moiety (5a-t) was synthesized via a multi-step synthesis. In vitro, tyrosinase inhibitory assay results showed that, except for two compounds, the derivatives were excellent inhibitors of human tyrosinase.

Enhanced capacity of thiol-functionalized sugarcane bagasse and rice husk biochars for arsenite sorption in aqueous solutions.

The utilization of biowastes for producing biochar to remove potentially toxic elements from water represents an important pathway for aquatic ecosystem decontamination. Here we explored the significance of thiol-functionalization on sugarcane bagasse biochar (Th/SCB-BC) and rice husk biochar (Th/RH-BC) to enhance arsenite (As(III)) removal capacity from water and compared their efficiency with both pristine biochars (SCB-BC and RH-BC). The maximum As(III) sorption was found on Th/SCB-BC and Th/RH-BC (2.

Therapeutic response and safety of radioligand therapy with Lu-PSMA-617 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers and leading cause of death due to cancer across the globe. This persuaded researchers to devise innovative treatment modalities that may prove effective, safe, and demonstrate better outcomes in terms of patient morbidity and survival. The advancement in theranostics such as lutetium-177 (Lu)-PSMA-617 radioligand therapies can target prostate cancer cells causing negligible or no damage to most of the normal tissues in patients.

Role of quality assessment of the recycled packaging material in determining its safety profile as food contact material.

Food packaging waste significantly impacts global environmental changes, prompting the adoption of a green circular economy approach. Recycling packaging waste is a critical element of this strategy. However, it faces challenges related to the quality of recycled materials and concerns about their safety.

Disease Resistance Correlates with Core Microbiome Diversity in Cotton.

Understanding the resident microbial communities and their above and below ground interactions with plants will provide necessary information for crop disease protection and stress management. In this study, we show how diversity of core microbiome varies with disease susceptibility of a crop. To test this hypothesis, we have focused on identifying the core microbial species of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) susceptible Gossypium hirsutum and CLCuD resistant Gossypium arboreum under viral infestation.