Overview of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and future clinical trials.

The overall goal of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is to optimize and validate biomarkers for clinical trials while sharing all data and biofluid samples with the global scientific community. ADNI has been instrumental in standardizing and validating amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. ADNI data were used for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the Fujirebio and Roche Elecsys cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic tests.

Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the identity of trans and gender diverse youth.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, closure of schools and other public places changed the circumstances under which young people engaged in identity development. This qualitative study examines the impact of COVID-19 on the gender identity development of 295 transgender and gender diverse youth, ages 13-22. Responses to the open-ended question 'How has the COVID pandemic changed or affected your own understanding of your gender identity?' were analysed through thematic analysis.

Improving citizen-government interactions with generative artificial intelligence: Novel human-computer interaction strategies for policy understanding through large language models.

Effective communication of government policies to citizens is crucial for transparency and engagement, yet challenges such as accessibility, complexity, and resource constraints obstruct this process. In the digital transformation and Generative AI era, integrating Generative AI and artificial intelligence technologies into public administration has significantly enhanced government governance, promoting dynamic interaction between public authorities and citizens. This paper proposes a system leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) technology combined with Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve policy communication.

Market segmentation by profit status: evidence from hospice.

How do referral networks and medical conditions determine where patients get care? We study this question in the US Hospice Industry, where for-profit hospice programs enroll more long-term care patients and more patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. We find that for-profit hospice enrollees have 23% longer lifetime lengths-of-stay in hospice care than not for-profit hospice enrollees with the same medical conditions, institutional referral source, county of residence, and enrollment year. This and other differences in their end-of-life health care utilization suggest that hospice market segmentation is the result of a patient-specific selection mechanism that is partially independent of institutional barriers to hospice care.

Association of Marijuana Use With Psychological Distress Among Adults in United States.

Purpose: Determine the association of marijuana use with serious psychological distress (SPD) among adults aged 18 years or older using a large, nationally representative sample of US households.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting: Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021.

Impact of daily neighborhood crime on nightly sleep among adolescents.

Crime impacts both the immediate victims and has indirect effects on the community. This study examined associations between daily neighborhood crime and actigraphy-assessed sleep outcomes using multilevel modeling. Data were from a longitudinal (14-day) study of 288 adolescents (M = 15.

War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health 15 years on: implications of an ecological framework for addressing the mental health of conflict-affected populations.

Aims: Fifteen years ago, we published an article in seeking to resolve the contentious debate between advocates of two very different frameworks for understanding and addressing the mental health needs of conflict-affected populations. The two approaches, which we labelled and , reflect deeply held beliefs about the causes and nature of distress in war-affected communities. Drawing on the burgeoning literature on armed conflict and mental health, the reports of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) staff in the field, and on research on the psychology and psychophysiology of stress, we proposed an integrative model that drew on the strengths of both frameworks and underscored their essential complementarity.

Aging alone (while Black): Living alone, loneliness, and health among older Black women.

Background And Objectives: Increasingly, Black women are aging alone. Yet information about health correlates and the residential context where older Black women are aging-in-place is lacking. The current study examines one aspect of Aging While Black that impacts Black women - living alone without close family or kin in the household among a sample of older Black women (N = 890).

Race, Ethnicity, and Sleep in US Children.

Importance: Although racial and ethnic disparities are well documented in children's mean levels of sleep, particularly duration, evidence is mixed for sleep variability, an important sleep dimension of growing interest. Most research has also focused on comparisons of Black and White children, with limited attention to sleep variability disparities among other racially and ethnically minoritized groups such as Asian, Latinx, and multiracial children.

Objective: To investigate racial and ethnic disparities in children's mean levels of sleep and variability of sleep across multiple dimensions and diverse racial and ethnic groups using actigraphy data.

Polarizability, plasmons and damping in pseudospin-1 gapped materials with a flat band.

The subject of our present investigation is the collective electronic properties of various types of pseudospin-1 Dirac-cone materials with a flat band and finite bandgaps in their low-energy spectra. Specifically, we have calculated the dynamical polarization, plasmon dispersions, as well as their decay rates due to Landau damping and presented the closed-form analytical expressions for the wave function overlaps for both the gapped dice lattice and the Lieb lattice. The gapped dice lattice is a special case of the more general-T3model such that its band structure is symmetric and the flat band remains dispersionless.

Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) and Anxiety in Adolescence: Preference for CMC, Social Media Burden, and Attention Bias to Threat.

Unlabelled: Despite societal and empirical interest in the impact of computer-mediated communication (CMC) on anxiety in adolescents, little is known about the associations between specific aspects of CMC use and anxiety severity and the role of individual vulnerability factors. In this study, we examined the links between two contexts of CMC, preference for CMC over face-to-face interactions and perceived social media social media burden, along with an anxiety-related cognitive vulnerability factor and attention bias to threat. Participants were mildly to severely anxious 12- to 14-year-olds ( = 78,  = 12.

Intergenerational continuity of adverse childhood experiences among Mexican-origin families: Examination of intra and extra-familial adversities.

The effects of the intergenerational continuity of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on youth outcomes have been documented, particularly among mother-child dyads. Most literature has focused on the continuity of family-level ACEs (Traditional ACEs [T-ACEs]) and not community-level ACEs (Expanded ACEs [E-ACEs]) that disproportionately impact minoritized individuals. We aimed to (a) examine the effect of mothers' and fathers' T-ACEs and E-ACEs on youth's T-ACEs and E-ACEs, respectively, and on youth's depressive and anxiety symptoms; (b) examine whether youth's own ACE exposure explains the link between parental ACEs and youth depressive and anxiety symptoms; and (c) explore differential risks by mothers versus fathers.

Spontaneous associative thought may facilitate scene-gist memory via implicit scene-labeling.

Spontaneous associative processes (e.g., mind wandering, spontaneous memory recollection) are prevalent in everyday life, yet their influence on perceptual scene memory is under debate.

Exploring the Potential of Biomimetic Peptides in Targeting Fibrillar and Filamentous Alpha-Synuclein-An In Silico and Experimental Approach to Parkinson's Disease.

Alpha-synuclein (ASyn) is a protein that is known to play a critical role in Parkinson's disease (PD) due to its propensity for misfolding and aggregation. Furthermore, this process leads to oxidative stress and the formation of free radicals that cause neuronal damage. In this study, we have utilized a biomimetic approach to design new peptides derived from marine natural resources.

The Consortium for Clarity in ADRD Research Through Imaging (CLARiTI).

The presence of multiple pathologies is the largest predictor of dementia. A major gap in the field is the in vivo detection of mixed pathologies and their antecedents. The Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs) are uniquely positioned to address this gap.

Insights into tail-belting by wild mice encourages fresh perspectives on physiological mechanisms that safeguard mammal tissues from freezing.

We investigated tail-belting (TB), the newly-discovered freeze avoidance behavior among wild rodents. When temperatures dropped to -6 °C, wild mice (Apodemus agrarius and Apodemus flavicollis) were observed curling their tails inward and positioning it on the back. A literature search suggested TB had never been documented, presumably because rodents, especially in the laboratory, are seldomly assayed under cold stress.

N-acetylcysteine as a treatment for substance use cravings: A meta-analysis.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may serve as a novel pharmacotherapy for substance use and substance craving in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), possibly through its potential to regulate glutamate. Though prior meta-analyses generally support NAC's efficacy in reducing symptoms of craving, individual trials have found mixed results. The aims of this updated meta-analysis were to (1) examine the efficacy of NAC in treating symptoms of craving in individuals with SUD and (2) explore subgroup differences, risk of bias and publication bias across trials.

Aligning values with standards: a comparison of professional values in Continuing Education standards.

Continuing education (CE) aims to help health professionals fulfill their ethical responsibility of maintaining professional competence. This research compares the CE guidelines and standards of 11 health professional organizations in relation to five domains of evolving professional values: ethics, cultural diversity, social justice, interprofessionalism, and self-care. Results showed that ethics received the greatest attention across the CE standards, followed by interprofessionalism and cultural diversity.

Visual and behavioral responses to social and non-social threats: A multi-site replication.

Researchers have proposed that humans have evolved psychological mechanisms that facilitate the detection, rapid response, and subsequent avoidance of potential threats. However, some inconsistent results in the literature have called into question the robustness of these responses. Here, we sought to replicate previous findings on the rapid detection of both social (i.