Impact of Clostridioides difficile length of treatment on rates of recurrence in patients on concurrent antibiotics.

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is principally health care-associated, with a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. The guidelines recommend CDI therapy for 10 days; however, it is often extended in practice when concurrent antibiotics are used. The impact of the extended duration of therapy remains unclear.

Ovarian cancer: diagnostic accuracy and tumor types distribution in East Africa compared to North America.

Background: Ovarian cancer is a spectrum of several histologically distinct tumor types that differ in etiology, response to therapy, and prognosis. In resource-limited settings, the diagnosis of ovarian cancer can be challenging. This study describes the distribution of ovarian cancer tumor types in East Africa as well as assessing the diagnostic accuracy by using contemporary methods.

Survival Following Chemotherapy in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Is Not Associated with Pathological Misclassification of Tumor Histotype.

Purpose: Although ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) are commonly resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy, good clinical outcomes are observed in a subset of patients. The explanation for this is unknown but may be due to misclassification of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) as OCCC or mixed histology.

Experimental Design: To discover potential biomarkers of survival benefit following platinum-based chemotherapy, we ascertained a cohort of 68 Japanese and Australian patients in whom progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) could be assessed.

Homologous Recombination DNA Repair Pathway Disruption and Retinoblastoma Protein Loss Are Associated with Exceptional Survival in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.

Women with epithelial ovarian cancer generally have a poor prognosis; however, a subset of patients has an unexpected dramatic and durable response to treatment. We sought to identify clinical, pathological, and molecular determinants of exceptional survival in women with high-grade serous cancer (HGSC), a disease associated with the majority of ovarian cancer deaths. We evaluated the histories of 2,283 ovarian cancer patients and, after applying stringent clinical and pathological selection criteria, identified 96 with HGSC that represented significant outliers in terms of treatment response and overall survival.

and Mutations Co-occur and Cooperate in Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas.

Low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSC) are associated with a poor response to chemotherapy and are molecularly characterized by RAS pathway activation. Using exome and whole genome sequencing, we identified recurrent mutations in the protein translational regulator and in , and RAS pathway mutations were mutually exclusive; however, we found significant co-occurrence of mutations in and Missense mutations were clustered at the N-terminus of the protein in a region associated with its role in ensuring translational initiation fidelity. Coexpression of mutant and proteins promoted proliferation and clonogenic survival in LGSC cells, providing the first example of co-occurring, growth-promoting mutational events in ovarian cancer.

Morphologic Reproducibility, Genotyping, and Immunohistochemical Profiling Do Not Support a Category of Seromucinous Carcinoma of the Ovary.

The 2014 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Female Reproductive Organs endorsed the new category of seromucinous carcinoma, a neoplasm that exhibits morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with other histotypes of ovarian carcinoma. The goal of this study was to determine whether seromucinous carcinoma was a distinct histotype by assessing its diagnostic reproducibility and comparing its molecular composition to the 5 major histotypes of ovarian carcinoma. Thirty-two tumors diagnosed as seromucinous carcinomas from 2 centers were studied.

An Immunohistochemical Algorithm for Ovarian Carcinoma Typing.

There are 5 major histotypes of ovarian carcinomas. Diagnostic typing criteria have evolved over time, and past cohorts may be misclassified by current standards. Our objective was to reclassify the recently assembled Canadian Ovarian Experimental Unified Resource and the Alberta Ovarian Tumor Type cohorts using immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers and to develop an IHC algorithm for ovarian carcinoma histotyping.