Evolution of sulfonated tannins in red wines with ageing: A targeted metabolomic approach.

During wine ageing, tannins could react with sulfur dioxide to form sulfonated flavanols which are anticipated to alter tannin binding to proteins contributing to the reduction of astringency during ageing. Previous studies have identified or quantified monomeric and dimeric sulfonated flavanols in aged wines, but the evolution of sulfonated tannins has been lacking. Here, we quantified sulfonated tannins in three Washington state vineyards over a 20-year period, employing targeted LC-QToF analysis.

Revealing the synergistic antibacterial mechanisms of resveratrol (RES) and pulsed electric field (PEF) against Acetobacter sp.

In the wine industry, Acetobacter sp. is a typical spoilage microorganism responsible for increased volatile acids and wine spoilage. This study investigated the impact of combined treatment using varying concentrations of resveratrol (RES) and pulsed electric field (PEF) on the bactericidal efficacy, intracellular enzyme activities, and cellular metabolism of Acetobacter sp.

An off-lattice discrete model to characterise filamentous yeast colony morphology.

We combine an off-lattice agent-based mathematical model and experimentation to explore filamentous growth of a yeast colony. Under environmental stress, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells can transition from a bipolar (sated) to unipolar (pseudohyphal) budding mechanism, where cells elongate and bud end-to-end. This budding asymmetry yields spatially non-uniform growth, where filaments extend away from the colony centre, foraging for food.

Determination of Elemental Content in Vineyard Soil, Leaves, and Grapes of Sangiovese Grapes from the Chianti Region Using ICP-MS for Geographical Identification.

To fight counterfeits and to protect the consumer, the interest in certifying the origin of agricultural goods has been steadily growing in the last years. While numerous works focus on the finished product, an aspect often overlooked is the origin of the raw materials and the direct correlation between chemicals in the soil and the plants. With inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, trace and ultratrace elements in Sangiovese grapes (the main component of Chianti wine) were measured and their levels were used to investigate the geographical origin of the samples.

Label-free localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor, based on Au-Ag NPs embedded in TiO matrix, for detection of Ochratoxin-A (OTA) in wine.

Ochratoxin-A (OTA) is a widespread foodstuff contaminant with potential carcinogenic effects. Innovative sensing technologies that allow on-site and sensitive food screening can have a significant impact on food and environment safety. A novel and quantitative label-free LSPR-based biosensor was specifically designed for OTA detection, employing a portable LSPR spectroscopy sensing system for efficient on-site and cost-effective analysis.

Associations between dairy and alcohol consumption and major depressive disorder in a mendelian randomization study.

This study explored the link between diet and major depressive disorder (MDD) to provide fresh insights for MDD prevention. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with common foods, such as meat, bread, cheese, fruits, cereals, vegetables, and four alcohol intake categories, were leveraged as instrumental variables. Accordingly, this study employed the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method to evaluate the genetically predicted associations of different food phenotypes with MDD risk.

The regulatory mechanism of mannan from millet Huangjiu on flavor release.

Huangjiu, the national wine of China, has the characteristics of low grain consumption, low alcohol content and high nutrition, which aligns with the world's beverage wine consumption trend. The research on glutinous rice huangjiu from southern China is more extensive, while millet huangjiu from northern China has received less attention, hindering the diversified development of huangjiu. Polysaccharides play an important role in huangjiu's health activity and flavor characteristics.

Adaptation During the Shift from Entomopathogen to Endosymbiont Is Accompanied by Gene Loss and Intensified Selection.

Fungi have been found to be associated with many insect species, with some species transitioning to reside within insects as symbionts. However, the evolutionary pressures and genomic consequences associated with this transition are not well understood. Pathogenic fungi of the genus Ophiocordyceps have undergone multiple, independent transitions from pathogen to endosymbiont lifestyles, where they reside within the fatty tissues of infected soft-scale insects transgenerationally without killing their hosts.

Preparation, characterisation and evaluation of kaempferol phospholipid complex and its application in preventing the deterioration of soybean oil.

This study aims to improve the solubility of kaempferol (KA) by preparing a kaempferol phospholipid complex (KA-PC), which can be applied to prevent soybean oil from spoilage. KA-PC was prepared by solvent evaporation and characterised by FTIR, DSC, and XRD. Furthermore, KA-PC was added to soybean oil and the peroxide value and acid value were determined.

Fluorescence sensor array for highly sensitive pattern recognition of biothiols in food based on tricolor upconversion luminescence metal-organic frameworks.

Fluorescence nanomaterial sensors have exhibited excellent application potential in biothiols analyses. The fluorescence sensor arrays constructed from upconversion luminescence metal-organic frameworks nanocomposites (LMOFs) can provide impressive discrimination and exquisite fingerprinting capabilities for extremely similar analytes. Herein, an upconversion fluorescence sensor array based on LMOFs featuring UiO-type metal-organic frameworks-functionalized lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles was proposed, wherein Cu can make the fluorescence quenching of LMOFs and preferentially bind biothiols to recover fluorescence in different degrees forming unique fingerprinting.

White diet is not necessary during dental bleaching treatment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of clinical studies.

Objectives: This systematic review with network meta-analysis (NMA) answered whether a white diet is necessary during dental bleaching and if there was any coloring food impacting more significantly the bleaching potential.

Data Sources: The review followed the PRISMA Extension Statement for NMA. Six electronic databases and gray literature were searched until April 2024.

Wine bioacidification: Fermenting Airén grape juices with Lachancea thermotolerans and Metschnikovia pulcherrima followed by sequential Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculation.

Biological acidification and bioprotection are interesting tools to overcome some problems of climate change and fit some consumer requirements for fresher wine styles. Juices of Airén (Vitis vinifera L.) were fermented by Lachancea thermotolerans (Lt) and Metschnikowia pulcherrima (Mp) starters and compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc).

A gentle introduction to pangenomics.

Pangenomes have emerged in response to limitations associated with traditional linear reference genomes. In contrast to a traditional reference that is (usually) assembled from a single individual, pangenomes aim to represent all of the genomic variation found in a group of organisms. The term 'pangenome' is currently used to describe multiple different types of genomic information, and limited language is available to differentiate between them.

Use of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence to authenticate European wines with protected designation of origin. Challenges of a successful control system based on modelling.

Consumers are willing to pay a higher price for food with geographical origin labels such as Protected Designation of Origin and Protected Geographical Indication. In this work, the elemental profile of wine obtained by XRF, combined with multivariate analyses, is used to authenticate 111 Croatian, Italian and Spanish red and white wines, 102 of them from 20 Protected Designations of Origin, reproducing the circumstances faced by control laboratories, using commercially available wines without traceability records. Wines that shared origin clustered together and separated from those of other regions following multivariate statistical tests.

Exploring the physicochemical, structural, metabolic, and flavor compounds of Limosilactobacillus fermentum in fermented yogurt through comparative genomics.

Adding specific lactic acid bacteria to yogurt has been known to enhance both its benefits and flavor. However, differences among the strains of the same species present significant challenges. In this study, we constructed a phylogenetic tree of 232 Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains and selected seven strains with distinct evolutionary relationships for yogurt fermentation.

Exploring the functional properties and utilisation potential of mollusca shell by-products through an interdisciplinary approach.

Molluscan shellfish aquaculture contributes to 42.6% of global aquaculture production. With a continued increase in shellfish production, disposal of shell waste during processing is emerging as an environmental and financial concern.

In vino veritas: A metabolomics approach for authenticating Provence Rosé wines.

Provence rosé wines have gained global popularity, making them vulnerable to fraud. This study aimed to identify specific chemical markers to detect counterfeit Provence rosé wines. An untargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis was performed on a set of 30 wines classified as "Provence," "Non-Provence," and "Provence imitations.

Accounting for the impact of genotype and environment on variation in leaf respiration of wheat in Mexico and Australia.

An approach to improving radiation use efficiency (RUE) in wheat is to screen for variability in rates of leaf respiration in darkness (Rdark). We used a high-throughput system to quantify variation in Rdark among a diverse range of spring wheat genotypes (301 lines) grown in two countries (Mexico and Australia) and two seasons (2017 and 2018), and in doing so quantify the relative importance of genotype (G) and environment (E) in influencing variations in leaf Rdark. Through careful design, residual (unexplained) variation represented less than 10% of the total observed.

The causal arrows from genotype, environment and management to plant phenotype are double headed.

Cause-and-effect arrows are drawn from genotype (G), environment (E), and agronomic management (M) to the plant phenotype in crop stands in a useful but incomplete framework that informs research questions, experimental design, statistical analysis, data interpretation, modelling, and breeding and agronomic applications. Here we focus on the overlooked bidirectionality of these arrows. The phenotype-to-genotype arrow includes increased mutation rates in stressed phenotypes, relative to basal rates.

Acid Resistance Engineering of Endoglucanase for the Degradation of Wine Lees.

Wine lees is a low value biomass resource rich in cellulose, with great potential for producing organic fertilizers and chemicals. However, the high acidity of wine lees limits the catalytic efficiency of the conversion tool endoglucanase. Here, we expressed endoglucanase tCel5A from in , and the combination of promoter AOX1 and signal peptide SUC2 resulted in a highly active expression of 4632.

A novel sustainable biocide against the fruit fly Drosophila suzukii made from orange peels.

Drosophila suzukii (D. suzukii), a pervasive pest originating from Southeast Asia, presents a substantial risk to global agriculture. The ability of the female flies to lay eggs within fruits of varying maturity stages, combined with the accelerated offspring development within warmer climates, results in rapid population growth.

Exploring Putative Kokumi Oligopeptides in Classic Sparkling Wines with a UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Targeted Protocol.

Some oligopeptides can impart kokumi flavor to foods and beverages, a topic still not addressed in wine. A targeted ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) metabolomics method capable of quantifying both amino acids and oligopeptides in wines was therefore developed and validated, confirming the presence of 50 oligopeptides in wine, most of which had been previously unexplored. In silico screening of the affinity of these oligopeptides to interact with CaSR, the protein necessary to activate kokumi sensations, highlighted 8 dipeptides and 3 tripeptides as putative kokumi compounds.

Structural variation in the pangenome of wild and domesticated barley.

Pangenomes are collections of annotated genome sequences of multiple individuals of a species. The structural variants uncovered by these datasets are a major asset to genetic analysis in crop plants. Here we report a pangenome of barley comprising long-read sequence assemblies of 76 wild and domesticated genomes and short-read sequence data of 1,315 genotypes.