Revealing differences in flavor compounds during plum wine fermentation using single and mixed yeast strains through metabolomic analysis.

Mixed fermentation can enhance the flavor and aroma of fruit wine, but the mechanisms driving this enhancement remain unclear. This study used non-targeted metabolomics to analyze the effects of mixed versus single fermentation on plum wine flavor. The results showed that compared with single fermentation, mixed fermentation reduced ethanol content and the ability to consume reducing sugars.

Subregional pedoclimatic conditions with contrasted UV-radiation shape host-microbiome and metabolome phenotypes in the grape berry.

This study used integrative omics to address the response of key elements of the grapevine holobiont to contrasted pedoclimatic conditions found in distinct subregions of Douro Valley (Portugal). A metabolic OPLS-DA model predicted with 100 % accuracy the geographic origin of berries; higher UV radiation, higher temperature and lower precipitation stimulated the accumulation of phenolic acids, flavonols and malvidin conjugates, in detriment of amino acids, organic acids, flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and non-malvidin anthocyanins. Metabarcoding showed a trade-off between bacteria and fungal diversity among subregions, with , and acting as intraregional microbial markers.

Lactoferrin-functionalized PEGylation liposomes loaded with norcantharidin acid for targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Norcantharidin (NCTD), an antitumor agent with an increased leukocyte function, has been used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in clinical. However, the clinical application of NCTD is limited due to its inadequate hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, short half-life (t), as well as adverse effects such as vascular irritation, cardiotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Herein, a lactoferrin (Lf) and DSPE-mPEG functionalized liposomes loaded with norcantharidic acid (NCA), an active metabolite of NCTD, was constructed for the targeted therapy of HCC.

The Gut Microbiota-Xanthurenic Acid-Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor Axis Mediates the Anticolitic Effects of Trilobatin.

Current treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) remain limited, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Trilobatin (TLB), a naturally derived food additive, exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced animal model is used to investigate the effects of TLB on UC.

Updated peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance spinosad.

The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, and co-rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance spinosad and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of spinosad as insecticide on bulb/dry onions, maize (fodder and grain), sweet corn, grapes (table and wine), lettuce, potato, aubergine, pepper and tomato.

Schisandra chinensis lignans exerts endocannabinoids-like antidepressive effect: The phagocytotic relationship of activated CB2R-mediated M2 microglia and "stressed-but-viable" neuron.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Schisandrachinensis, a traditional functional Chinese medicine, is known for its ability to tonify the kidneys, calm the heart, and tranquilize the mind. Recent pharmacological research has demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

Aim Of The Study: We had previously demonstrated that Schisandra chinensis lignans (SCL) promote microglia polarization to M2 phenotype via targeting cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R) to exert antidepressant effects.

Enhancing beer authentication, quality, and control assessment using non-invasive spectroscopy through bottle and machine learning modeling.

Fraud in alcoholic beverages through counterfeiting and adulteration is rising, significantly impacting companies economically. This study aimed to develop a method using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (1596-2396 nm) through the bottle, along with machine learning (ML) modeling for beer authentication, quality traits, and control assessment. For this study, 25 commercial beers from different brands, styles, and three types of fermentation were used.

Accelerating maturation of Chinese rice wine by using a 20 L scale multi-sweeping-frequency mode ultrasonic reactor and its mechanism exploration.

The formation of flavor in traditional Chinese rice wine requires a long aging process. To accelerate the maturation of rice wine, a 20 L scale multi-sweeping- frequency mode ultrasonic reactor was employed in this study to explore the promoting effects. Rice wines were subjected under 10 combined types of sonication treatments with 20/28/40 kHz in single/double/triple frequencies, and in fixed or sweeping modes, respectively.

Tannin additions decrease the concentration of malodorous volatile sulfur compounds in wine-like model solutions and wine.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS), methanethiol (MeSH) and ethanethiol (EtSH) are volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) produced during winemaking and are associated with negative 'reductive' aromas in wine. Anecdotal evidence suggests that oenological tannins may be used to remediate the 'reductive' character of wines, yet little scientific evidence or explanation supporting this observation has been published. In this study, it was found that the addition of oenological tannins significantly decreased HS, MeSH, and EtSH in model wine by up to 92 %, 90 % and 86 %, respectively, after two weeks of storage.

Microbial safety of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) reared on food waste streams.

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can valorise different organic matter and yield a product of high nutritional value. The lack of knowledge about the microbial safety of BSFL grown on different organic waste streams influences the commercialisation of BSFL as stockfeed ingredient. This study evaluates the microbial safety of BSFL grown on five different commercial food waste streams collected from two commercial production facilities.

Effects of foliar applications of γ-polyglutamic acid and alginic acid on the quality and antioxidant activity of Marselan grapes and wines.

This study investigated the effects of γ-polyglutamic acid (PGA) and alginic acid (ALA) on grapes and wines. Marselan grapes were utilized to assess the accumulation and synthesis of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The 0.

Functional genomics implicates ebony in the black pupae phenotype of tephritid fruit flies.

The remarkable diversity of insect pigmentation offers a captivating avenue for studying evolution and genetics. In tephritids, understanding the molecular basis of mutant traits is also crucial for applied entomology, enabling the creation of genetic sexing strains through genome editing, thus facilitating sex-sorting before sterile insect releases. Here, we present evidence from classical and modern genetics showing that the black pupae (bp) phenotype in the GUA10 strain of Anastrepha ludens is caused by a large deletion at the ebony locus, removing the gene's entire coding region.

Advanced LC-IMS-MS Protocol for Holistic Metabolite Analysis in Wine and Grape Samples.

The final aim of metabolomics is the comprehensive and holistic study of the metabolome in biological samples. Therefore, the use of instruments that enable the analysis of metabolites belonging to various chemical classes in a wide range of concentrations is essential, without compromising on robustness, resolution, sensitivity, specificity, and metabolite annotation. These characteristics are crucial for the analysis of very complex samples, such as wine, whose metabolome is the result of the sum of metabolites derived from grapes, yeast(s), bacteria(s), and chemical or physical modification during winemaking.

Application of a dynamic colonic gastrointestinal digestion model to red wines: a study of flavanol metabolism by the gut microbiota and the cardioprotective activity of microbial metabolites.

Over the last decade, research has emphasized the role of the microbiome in regulating cardiovascular physiology and disease progression. Understanding the interplay between wine polyphenols, the gut microbiota, and cardiovascular health could provide valuable insights for uncovering novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing and managing cardiovascular disease. In this study, two commercial red wines were subjected to dynamic gastrointestinal digestion (GIS) to monitor the flavanol-microbiota interaction by evaluating the resulting microbial metabolites.

Comparative analysis of antioxidant activity and content of (poly)phenolic compounds in cabernet sauvignon and merlot wines of Slovenian and Serbian vineyards.

The individual (poly)phenols of red wines cultivated in two different Western Balkan wine-growing regions were determined using the HPLC method, while the ABTS and DPPH tests were employed to investigate antioxidant activity. The reduction potential of antioxidants was determined by FRAP assay. Five distinct classes of phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, stilbenes, and anthocyanins, were identified.

Wine Consumer Studies: Current Status and Future Agendas.

Background: As wine has become more than just a drink, exploring wine consumer studies provides a better understanding of various factors that shape the wine industry. Therefore, this paper aims to review and map the landscape of wine consumer literature using bibliometric analysis and systematic review. It identifies the key areas, clusters, antecedents, mediators, moderators, and outcomes to propose the framework for future research directions.

Chickpea displays a temporal growth response to Mesorhizobium strains under well-watered and drought conditions.

The relative performance of rhizobial strains could depend on their resource allocation, environmental conditions, and host genotype. Here, we used a high-throughput shoot phenotyping to investigate the effects of Mesorhizobium strain on the growth dynamics, nodulation and bacteroid traits with four chickpea (Cicer arietinum) varieties grown under different water regimes in an experiment including four nitrogen sources (two Mesorhizobium strains, and two uninoculated controls: nitrogen fertilised and unfertilised) under well-watered and drought conditions. We asked three questions.

Harnessing the potential of Cupriavidus necator for CO capture from alcoholic fermentation and its bioconversion into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate).

The fermentation process in alcoholic beverage production converts sugars into ethanol and CO, releasing significant amounts of greenhouse gases. Here, Cupriavidus necator DSM 545 was grown autotrophically using gas derived from alcoholic fermentation, using a fed-batch bottle system. Nutrient starvation was applied to induce intracellular accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), a bioplastic polymer, for bioconversion of CO-rich waste gas into PHB.

Enantioselective Degradation and Processing Factors of Seven Chiral Pesticides During the Processing of Wine and Rice Wine.

Chiral pesticides often undergo enantioselective degradation during food fermentation. In this study, the enantioselective fates of seven chiral pesticides during processing of wine and rice wine were investigated. The results revealed that R-metalaxyl, R-mefentrifluconazole and S-hexaconazole were preferentially degraded during wine processing with EF values of 0.

Untargeted LC-HRMS analyses reveal metabolomic specificities between wine yeast strains selected for their malic acid production.

The alcoholic fermentation of wine is mostly achieved by the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae that display a large variability for their ability to consume or produce malic acid. To better characterize the metabolism of such group of strains we explored their non-volatile metabolome using an untargeted LC-HRMS approach. The chemical classes and the putative structures of several hundred compounds where annotated using MS2 spectra using the SIRIUS software.

Characterization of flavor profiles of wines produced with Coniella vitis-infected grapes by GC-MS, HPLC, and sensory analysis.

Grapevine white rot is a fungal disease that frequently occurs during the growing season, resulting in reduced fruit quality and severe yield losses. This work aimed to compare the differences in flavor profiles between wines made from different percentages of Coniella vitis-infected grapes by using FTIR spectrometer, sensory analysis, HS-SPME-GC-MS and HPLC-DAD. C.

Disclosure of the nature of glycosylated varietal precursors of eugenol from the hybrid, tolerant grapevine variety Baco blanc: Methodology and quantification.

A varietal origin of eugenol was previously demonstrated in Baco blanc, a major grapevine variety used to produce Armagnac wine spirits. Eugenol was found in high amount, both as the free and as unidentified glycosylated forms. To reveal their identity, a specific method was developed and applied to berry skin extracts.

Removal of ochratoxin A from wine by adsorption-photocatalytic synergy of tubular TiO/SiO/g-CN: Mechanistic insights and degradation pathways.

Consumption of contaminated wines is a significant source of ochratoxin A (OTA) intake in humans, yet existing techniques for OTA removal are inadequate. This study constructs a TiO/SiO/g-CN catalyst (TiSiMs-TCN) with a tubular structure, capable of efficiently removing OTA from both simulated and real wines under visible light irradiation. The results of experiments, characterizations, and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the incorporation of silica enhances the adsorption capacity for OTA, and the tubular structure improves the catalyst's photoelectric properties.

Machine learning assisted multi-signal nanozyme sensor array for the antioxidant phenolic compounds intelligent recognition.

Identifying antioxidant phenolic compounds (APs) in food plays a crucial role in understanding their biological functions and associated health benefits. Here, a bifunctional Cu-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (Cu-BTC) nanozyme was successfully prepared. Due to the excellent laccase-like behavior of Cu-BTC, it can catalyze the oxidation of various APs to produce colored quinone imines.