The impact of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with cancer: emerging themes.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes recent literature falling broadly under the topic of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the oncology setting, highlighting emerging themes and emphasizing novel explorations.

Recent Findings: Meta-analyses continue to confirm safety and efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation on reducing inflammation and improving survival in people with cancer. Common themes in recent studies emphasize improving tumor-directed efficacy and reducing toxicities of common cancer therapies.

Association of Dietary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome among Middle-Aged Adults in Shiraz, Iran: Shiraz Heart Study (SHS).

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a noncommunicable disease with a high burden, including the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular events, and death. It is characterized by abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, increased fasting plasma glucose levels, hypertriglyceridemia, and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. MetS is preventable by modifying lifestyle and dietary patterns, which are major contributing factors.

Hypoglycemic effect of root extract and its synergism with extract.

(dandelion) and are traditional medicinal and edible plants with high nutritional value. In this study, the synergistic hypoglycemic effect of DRE and extract (RAE) was evaluated. Our results showed that water extract of dandelion (DRE-w), mainly containing polysaccharides (63.

Metabolic dysfunction in pregnancy: Fingerprinting the maternal metabolome using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Aims: Maternal metabolic disorders place the mother at risk for negative pregnancy outcomes with potentially long-term health impacts for the child. Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of features associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke, affects roughly one in five Canadians. Metabolomics is a relatively new technique that may be a useful tool to identify women at risk of metabolic disorders.

Potential effects of a high CO future on leguminous species.

Legumes provide an important source of food and feed due to their high protein levels and many health benefits, and also impart environmental and agronomic advantages as a consequence of their ability to fix nitrogen through their symbiotic relationship with rhizobia. As a result of our growing population, the demand for products derived from legumes will likely expand considerably in coming years. Since there is little scope for increasing production area, improving the productivity of such crops in the face of climate change will be essential.

Hybridization rate and hybrid fitness for Andrz. ex DC (♀) and (L.) Crantz(Brassicaceae) (♂).

Hybridization between crops and their wild relatives has the potential to introduce novel variation into wild populations. Camelina () is a promising oilseed and cultivars with modified seed characteristics and herbicide resistance are in development, prompting a need to evaluate the potential for novel trait introgression into weedy relatives. Little-podded false flax (littlepod) is a naturalized weed in Canada and the USA.

Impaired Hepatic Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis Leads to Cholestasis in Mice Challenged With a High-Fat Diet.

Phosphatidylethanolamine -methyltransferase (PEMT) is a hepatic integral membrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PEMT catalyzes approximately 30% of hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) develop steatohepatitis.

TIR1 auxin receptors are implicated in the differential response to 4-Cl-IAA and IAA in developing pea fruit.

The auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA) occur naturally in pea (Pisum sativum); however, only 4-Cl-IAA mimics the presence of seeds in stimulating pericarp growth. To examine if this differential auxin effect is mediated through TIR1/AFB auxin receptors, pea TIR1 and AFB2 homologs were functionally characterized in Arabidopsis, and receptor expression, and auxin distribution and action were profiled in developing pea fruits. PsTIR1a, PsTIR1b, and PsAFB2 restored the auxin-sensitive root growth response to the mutant Arabidopsis seedlings Attir1-10 and/or Attir1-10 afb2-3.

Effect of soybean ( (L.) Merr.) flour inclusion on the nutritional properties and consumer preference of fritters for improved household nutrition.

Diets in populations of most developing countries are often deficient in protein, carbohydrates, and fat, leading to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Diet-based strategies are the most promising approach for a sustainable control of PEM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of soy flour inclusion on the nutritional properties, consumer preference, purchase intent, and willingness to pay for wheat-based fritters.

Establishing a model for childhood obesity in adolescent pigs.

Objective: Rising worldwide prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases in children has accentuated the importance of developing prevention and management strategies. The objective of this study was to establish a model for childhood obesity using high-fat feeding of adolescent pigs, as pigs have a longer developmental period and are physiologically more similar to humans than rodents.

Methods: Crossbred pigs were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet ( = 6/treatment) from postnatal day 49 to 84.

Intestinal de novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis is required for dietary lipid absorption and metabolic homeostasis.

De novo phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis via CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-α (CTα) is required for VLDL secretion. To determine the precise role of de novo PC synthesis in intestinal lipid metabolism, we deleted CTα exclusively in the intestinal epithelium of mice (CTα mice). When fed a chow diet, CTα mice showed normal fat absorption despite a ∼30% decrease in intestinal PC concentrations relative to control mice, suggesting that biliary PC can fully support chylomicron secretion under these conditions.

A comprehensive review on beneficial dietary phytochemicals in common traditional Southern African leafy vegetables.

Regular intake of sufficient amounts of certain dietary phytochemicals was proven to reduce the incidence of noncommunicable chronic diseases and certain infectious diseases. In addition, dietary phytochemicals were also reported to reduce the incidence of metabolic disorders such as obesity in children and adults. However, limited information is available, especially on dietary phytochemicals in the commonly available traditional leafy vegetables.

Hormonal regulation of reproductive growth under normal and heat-stress conditions in legume and other model crop species.

Legume crops are grown throughout the world and provide an excellent food source of digestible protein and starch, as well as dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, and flavonoids. Fruit and seeds from legumes are also an important source of vegetables for a well-balanced diet. A trend in elevated temperature as a result of climate change increases the risk of a heat stress-induced reduction in legume crop yield.

Immunosuppressive Treatment Alters Secretion of Ileal Antimicrobial Peptides and Gut Microbiota, and Favors Subsequent Colonization by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Background: Transplant recipients are treated with immunosuppressive (IS) therapies, which impact host-microbial interactions. We examined the impact of IS drugs on gut microbiota and on the expression of ileal antimicrobial peptides.

Methods: Mice were treated for 14 days with prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, a combination of these 3 drugs, everolimus, or water.

Membrane applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.

The functional foods and nutraceuticals market is growing at a rapid pace. Membrane processing offers several advantages over conventional methods for separation, fractionation, and recovery of those bioactive components. In this review, membrane applications of lipid-, carbohydrate-, and protein-based nutraceuticals and some minor bioactive components have been critically evaluated.

Application of MBR for hospital wastewater treatment in China.

In China, the number of hospitals has increased to 19,712 in 2008, with the production of hospital wastewater reaching 1.29 × 10 m/d. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology presents a more efficient system at removing pathological microorganism compared with existing wastewater treatment systems.

Milk protein synthesis as a function of amino acid supply.

Most prediction schemes of milk protein secretion overestimate milk protein yield from dairy cows at high protein intakes, thereby overestimating milk protein yield response to protein supplementation. This study was conducted to determine factors contributing to such an overestimation. Using published studies, a database was constructed that was limited to amino acid (AA) infusion studies, as then only the digestible amino acid of dietary origin needed to be estimated, whereas the amount infused was known exactly, thereby reducing the dependence on estimated values.

A School Milk Promotion Program Increases Milk Consumption and Improves the Calcium and Vitamin D Intakes of Elementary School Students.

This study evaluated the effect of the Alberta School Milk Program (ASMP) on usual calcium and vitamin D intake among elementary students. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate daily intake of food and supplement sources of calcium and vitamin D. Samples were drawn from schools from Calgary and the surrounding region in Alberta, Canada.

The time of ovulation in relation to estrus duration in gilts.

The objective of this study was to determine time of ovulation, monitored by transcutaneous ultrasonography, relative to the duration of estrus in gilts. We exposed 92 cyclic gilts, Camborough x Canabrid terminal line, at Day 19 of their third estrous cycle to vasectomized boars every 6 h for the detection estrus. Transcutaneous ultrasonography was performed every 6 h, starting 24 h after the onset estrus, to determine time of ovulation.

Biopreservation by lactic acid bacteria.

Biopreservation refers to extended storage life and enhanced safety of foods using the natural microflora and (or) their antibacterial products. Lactic acid bacteria have a major potential for use in biopreservation because they are safe to consume and during storage they naturally dominate the microflora of many foods. In milk, brined vegetables, many cereal products and meats with added carbohydrate, the growth of lactic acid bacteria produces a new food product.