Role of Nanotechnology in Ischemic Stroke: Advancements in Targeted Therapies and Diagnostics for Enhanced Clinical Outcomes.

Each year, the number of cases of strokes and deaths due to this is increasing around the world. This could be due to work stress, lifestyles, unhealthy food habits, and several other reasons. Currently, there are several traditional methods like thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy for managing strokes.

Ishophloroglucin A Isolated from Protects Glomerular Cells from Methylglyoxal-Induced Diacarbonyl Stress and Inhibits the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy.

(), an edible brown alga, is rich in isophloroglucin A (IPA) phlorotannin compounds and is effective in preventing diseases, including diabetes. We evaluated its anti-glycation ability, intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging activity, inhibitory effect on the accumulation of intracellular MGO/MGO-derived advanced glycation end products (AGE), and regulation of downstream signaling pathways related to the AGE-receptor for AGEs (RAGE) interaction. IPA (0.

Antimicrobial Activities of Polysaccharide-Rich Extracts from the Irish Seaweed , Generated Using Green and Conventional Extraction Technologies, Against Foodborne Pathogens.

A rise in antimicrobial resistance coupled with consumer preferences towards natural preservatives has resulted in increased research towards investigating antimicrobial compounds from natural sources such as macroalgae (seaweeds), which contain antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer compounds. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of compounds produced by the Irish seaweed against and , bacterial species which are relevant for food safety. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE), and conventional extraction technologies (maceration) were applied to generate extracts from , followed by their preliminary chemical composition (total phenolic content, total protein content, total soluble sugars) and antimicrobial activity (with minimum inhibitory concentration determined by broth microdilution methods), examining also the molecular weight distribution (via high performance size exclusion chromatography) and oligosaccharide fraction composition (via high-performance liquid chromatography) of the polysaccharides, as they were the predominant compounds in these extracts, aiming to elucidate structure-function relationships.

Optimization of the Extraction Protocol for Pacific Ciguatoxins from Marine Products Prior to Analysis Using the Neuroblastoma Cell-Based Assay.

Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is caused by the consumption of marine products contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates of the genus . Analytical methods for CTXs, involving the extraction/purification of trace quantities of CTXs from complex matrices, are numerous in the literature. However, little information on their effectiveness for nonpolar CTXs is available, yet these congeners, contributing to the risk of CP, are required for the establishment of effective food safety monitoring programs.

Optimization of a Sonotrode Extraction Method and New Insight of Phenolic Composition of .

The optimization of bioactive compound extraction from using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) via sonotrode was investigated to maximize phenolic recovery and antioxidant activity while promoting a sustainable process. Optimal conditions (40% / ethanol in water, 38 min, 36% amplitude) were selected to maximize phenolic recovery while considering environmental and energy sustainability by optimizing extraction efficiency and minimizing solvent and energy usage. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis tentatively identified 25 phenolic compounds, including sulfated phenolic acids, phlorotannins, flavonoids, and halophenols, with some reported for the first time in , underscoring the complexity of this alga's metabolome.

Actinomycete-Derived Pigments: A Path Toward Sustainable Industrial Colorants.

Pigment production has a substantial negative impact on the environment, since mining for natural pigments causes ecosystem degradation, while synthetic pigments, derived from petrochemicals, generate toxic by-products that accumulate and persist in aquatic systems due to their resistance to biodegradation. Despite these challenges, pigments remain essential across numerous industries, including the cosmetic, textile, food, automotive, paints and coatings, plastics, and packaging industries. In response to growing consumer demand for sustainable options, there is increasing interest in eco-friendly alternatives, particularly bio-based pigments derived from algae, fungi, and actinomycetes.

Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Exhibits Anti-Cancer Effects Through Immunostimulating Activities.

The present research aimed to assess the anti-cancer effects of the polysaccharide fraction (SJP) isolated from . The release of immune-activating cytokines, including IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, was markedly stimulated by the SJP in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of 1 to 100 µg/mL. Furthermore, the prophylactic intravenous () and per os () injection of SJP boosted the cytolytic activity mediated by NK cells and CTLs against tumor cells.

Antioxidant and Anti-Obesity Properties of Acidic and Alkaline Seaweed Extracts Adjusted to Different pH Levels.

This research examined antioxidant and anti-obesity effects of extracts obtained through acidic or alkaline treatments and subsequent pH adjustments. After two rounds of acidic or alkaline extraction, the extracts were separated from biomass and adjusted to different pH values: for acidic extracts, pH 3 (no adjustment), pH 6, pH 9, and pH 12; for alkaline extracts, pH 12 (no adjustment), pH 9, pH 6, and pH 3. The findings revealed that extraction medium as well as subsequent pH adjustments significantly influenced composition of the extracts in terms of protein content and recovery, amino acids, and phenolic compounds ( < 0.

Biochemical Composition and Seasonal Variations of the Madagascar Algae (, Rhodophyta).

Although the density and diversity of seaweeds in Madagascar is particularly high, these resources are underexploited and they are not part of the local population's eating habits. No study has been carried out on the nutritional properties and seasonal variation of species harvested in Madagascar. In this study, was harvested monthly over two years (2021 and 2022) on the northeast coast of Madagascar (Sainte Marie Island).

Selenium-Chondroitin Sulfate Nanoparticles Inhibit Angiogenesis by Regulating the VEGFR2-Mediated PI3K/Akt Pathway.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a class of glycosaminoglycans covalently attached to proteins to form proteoglycans, is widely distributed in the extracellular matrix and cell surface of animal tissues. In our previous study, CS was used as a template for the synthesis of seleno-chondroitin sulfate (SeCS) through the redox reaction of ascorbic acid (Vc) and sodium selenite (NaSeO) and we found that SeCS could inhibit tumor cell proliferation and invasion. However, its effect on angiogenesis and its underlying mechanism are unknown.

Salicylic Acid Improved the Growth of and Increased the Proportion of -β-Carotene Isomers.

is an important source of natural β-carotene (containing and isomers) for industrial production. The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) has been proven to have impacts on the stress resistance of higher plants, but research on microalgae is currently unclear. In this study, the effects of SA on the growth, biochemical composition, antioxidant enzyme activity, key enzymes of β-carotene synthesis, and cis-and trans-isomers of β-carotene in under different salt concentrations were investigated.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis Systems Enhance the Efficiency and Biological Properties of Hydrolysates from Frozen Fish Processing Co-Products.

Co-products from the frozen fish processing industry often lead to financial losses. Therefore, it is essential to transform these co-products into profitable goods. This study explores the production of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) from three co-products: the heads and bones of black scabbardfish (), the carcasses of gilthead seabream (), and the trimmings of Nile perch ().

Taxonomic Identification and Nutritional Analysis of in Zhanjiang.

To evaluate the nutritional value and development potential of in the marine environment of Naozhou Island, Zhanjiang, this study conducted species classification and identification, followed by an analysis of key nutritional components. The combination of morphological and molecular results confirmed the identification of the collected samples as . Further analysis showed that in Zhanjiang had a moisture content of 74.

The Effects of Astaxanthin on Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) represents a complex cluster of metabolic disorders primarily characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia. Diet and functional ingredients play a pivotal role in seeking non-pharmacological strategies to prevent and ameliorate MS. Astaxanthin (AST), a carotenoid found in various marine organisms, exhibits exceptional antioxidant properties and holds great promise as a natural compound that improves MS.

Influence of Drying Methods on the Morphological Features, Microstructural Properties, and Antioxidant Performance of : A Metabolomic Analysis.

() has garnered increasing attention as an ingredient in both the pharmaceutical and food industries. Depending on the drying method, the accumulation of metabolites can greatly affect the quality. This research employed an untargeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) strategy to elucidate the similarities and differences in the morphological characteristics, microstructure, antioxidant capacity, and metabolic profiles of subjected to three distinct drying methods: natural air-drying (YG), oven-drying (HG), and vacuum freeze-drying (DG).

New Insights into Chemical Profiles and Health-Promoting Effects of Edible Mushroom (Vent ex. Pers.) Fischer: A Review.

Mushrooms are valued for their culinary and medicinal benefits, containing bioactive compounds like polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenolics, lectins, and ergosterols. This review aims to encourage research on by summarizing its chemistry, health benefits, pharmacology, and potential therapeutic applications. Molecules from offer anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, and anti-bacterial effects.

From Natural Hosts to Agricultural Threats: The Evolutionary Journey of Phytopathogenic Fungi.

Since the domestication of plants, pathogenic fungi have consistently threatened crop production, evolving genetically to develop increased virulence under various selection pressures. Understanding their evolutionary trends is crucial for predicting and designing control measures against future disease outbreaks. This paper reviews the evolution of fungal pathogens from natural habitats to agricultural settings, focusing on eight significant phytopathogens: , , spp.

Stress-Driven Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Using Non-Conventional Yeast Strains JMY140K and JMY075.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a valuable amino acid widely used in food, healthcare, and agriculture. GABA bioproduction by budding yeasts has been commonly reported, but related studies using non-conventional yeasts remain limited. In this study, two non-conventional natural yeast strains, namely, JMY140K and JMY075, were identified as promising GABA producers, and JMY075 was discovered to be a GABA producer.

Omics-Based Comparison of Fungal Virulence Genes, Biosynthetic Gene Clusters, and Small Molecules in and .

is a ubiquitous pathogenic fungus that causes blue mold decay of apple fruit postharvest, and another member of the genus, , is a well-studied saprophyte valued for antibiotic and small molecule production. While these two fungi have been investigated individually, a recent discovery revealed that can block mediated decay of apple fruit. To shed light on this observation, we conducted a comparative genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic study of two (404 and 413) and two (Pe21 and R19) isolates.

Effects of Drying Treatments on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Properties of the Edible Wild Mushroom Lloyd (Digüeñe Mushroom).

The wild mushroom , also known as digüeñe, is a parasitic ascomycete of trees endemic to southern Chile. This species of wild mushroom is of great nutritional importance, especially for the Mapuche indigenous communities, and is highly sought after. Edible wild mushrooms, rich in bioactive compounds, are a potential source of health-promoting components.

Molecular Mechanism During Mycelium Subculture Degeneration of .

Periodic mycelial subculture is a method commonly used for the storage of edible mushrooms, but excessive subculturing can lead to the degeneration of strains. In this study, the strain V971(M0) was successively subcultured on PDA medium every 4 days, and one generation of strains was preserved every 4 months. Thus, five generations of subcultured strains (M1-M5) were obtained after 20 months of mycelial subculturing, their production traits were determined, and transcriptomic analysis was performed using RNA-seq; the differentially expressed genes were verified via RT-qPCR.

Development of BCC7051 as a Robust Cell Factory Towards the Transcriptional Regulation of Protease-Encoding Genes for Industrial Applications.

Enzyme-mediated protein degradation is a major concern in industrial fungal strain improvement, making low-proteolytic strains preferable for enhanced protein production. Here, we improved food-grade BCC7051 by manipulating the transcriptional regulation of protease-encoding genes. Genome mining of the transcription factor and computational analysis confirmed its deduced amino acid sequence sharing evolutionary conservation across and spp.

Comparative Analysis of Freeze-Dried Mushroom Powders on Probiotic and Harmful Bacteria and Its Bioactive Compounds.

(oyster mushroom) holds excellent promise worldwide, bringing several opportunities and augmenting the tool sets used in the biotechnology field, the food industry, and medicine. Our study explores the antimicrobial and probiotic growth stimulation benefits of freeze-dried powders (OMP-TF, oyster mushroom powder from the total fresh sample; OMP-CSR, oyster mushroom powder from the cooked solid residue; OMP-CL, oyster mushroom powder from the cooked liquid), focusing on their bioactive compounds and associated activities. Our research examined polysaccharide fractions-specifically total glucans and α- and β-glucans-alongside secondary metabolites, including polyphenols and flavonoids, from freeze-dried mushroom powders.

Correction: Tai et al. Sea Bass Essence from Improves Exercise Performance and Anti-Fatigue in Mice. 2022, , 531.

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Characterization of Thirty Germplasms of Millet Pepper ( L.) in Terms of Fruit Morphology, Capsaicinoids, and Nutritional Components.

Background: Millet peppers have rich and diverse germplasm resources. It is of great significance to characterize their phenotypes and physicochemical indicators.

Methods: 30 millet germplasms were selected to measure the fruit length and width, flesh thickness, number of ventricles, fruit stalk length, and single fruit weight, and the texture characteristics of fruit such as hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness were determined by a texture analyzer.