Algal lipids: A review on current status and future prospects in food processing.

The consumer demand for functional foods derived from natural sources has been enhanced due to health-promoting effects. Algae are widely available globally as a sustainable source of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Algal lipids are underexplored natural sources that exhibit several nutraceutical effects and applications in fortification, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Biomarkers.

Background: It is now widely acknowledged that diet, lifestyle, and environmental exposures largely affect an individual's metabolic state in health and disease, including the brain. Metabolomics has demonstrated its potential to enable exciting discoveries in brain health, facilitated by advances in analytical and informatics techniques. Here, we highlighted the use of MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics to study the diet and medication exposure of cognitively declined cohorts through the newly developed FoodMASST and DrugMASST tools.

A weight of evidence review on the mode of action, adversity, and the human relevance of xylene's observed thyroid effects in rats.

Xylene substances have wide industrial and consumer uses and are currently undergoing dossier and substance evaluation under Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) for further toxicological testing including consideration of an additional neurotoxicological testing cohort to an extended one-generation reproduction toxicity (EOGRT) study. New repeated dose study data on xylenes identify the thyroid as a potential target tissue, and therefore a weight of evidence review is provided to investigate whether or not xylene-mediated changes on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis are secondary to liver enzymatic induction and are of a magnitude that is relevant for neurological human health concerns. Multiple published studies confirm xylene-mediated increases in liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, and liver enzymatic induction the oral or inhalation routes, including an increase in uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GT) activity, the key step in thyroid hormone metabolism in rodents.

Dose-related effects of calcium to enhance the effects of L-tryptophan on gut hormones and energy intake in obesity.

Context: In males of normal weight, intraduodenal administration of calcium enhances the effects of the amino acid, L-tryptophan (Trp), to suppress energy intake, associated with greater stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) secretion (key mechanisms underlying the regulation of pyloric motility and gastric emptying), but not gastrin or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).

Objective: Given the implications for the management of obesity, the current study evaluated the effects of calcium, when administered alone and in combination with Trp, on gut hormone secretion, antropyloroduodenal motility and energy intake in males with obesity.

Methods: Fifteen males with obesity and without type 2 diabetes (mean±SD; age: 27±8 years; body mass index: 30±2 kg/m2; HbA1c: 5.

A review of the role of bioactive components in legumes in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a primary global health challenge. Poor dietary choices and lifestyle factors significantly increase the risk of developing CVD. Legumes, recognized as functional foods, contain various bioactive components such as active peptides, protease inhibitors, saponins, isoflavones, lectins, phytates, and tannins.

Systematic review of integrated mental and physical health services for children and young people with eating and functional symptoms.

Background: Evidence suggests that by recognising the psychosocial component of illness as equally important to the biological components, care becomes more holistic, and patients can benefit. Providing this type of care requires collaboration among health professionals, rather than working in isolation, to achieve better outcomes. However, there is a lack of evidence about the implementation of integrated health care.

Electronic Substitution Effect on ESIPT-Driven pH and Amine Sensing: Exploring Mechanism.

It is required to have a more straightforward and easier way to check the quality of food to ensure the safety of the public heaths. The decomposition of meat protein results in ammonia and biogenic amines (BAs).  Here, we have designed and synthesized three luminescent-based probe molecules, which originated from 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) derivatives and showed the excited state-induced proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon.

Public Health.

Background: Higher Mediterranean- DASH for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet scores have previously been associated with larger total brain volume (TBV) in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) community-based cohort. We investigated cross-sectional relationships between the MIND diet and structural brain imaging volumes and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) across six community-based cohorts.

Method: We analyzed data from 3130 dementia-, stroke- and other neurological disease free adults (aged 65 to 74) who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort, Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Three City (3C) cohort, FOS cohort, Rotterdam Study (RS) or the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) cohort.

Public Health.

Background: Some individual-level interventions for dementia risk factors could be cost saving. We aimed to estimate the cost effectiveness of population-level interventions for tackling dementia risk factors. We found such interventions for tobacco smoking, excess alcohol use, diet modification to decrease hypertension and obesity, air pollution, and head injury.

Public Health.

Background: Diet is a primary source of exposure to chemicals in the general population. Dietary contaminants originate from food production (e.g.

Public Health.

Background: The role of diet in modulating inflammation and its potential impact on cognition has raised attention. Additionally, recent research has addressed the disruption of the gut-brain axis in dementia development. This study aims to explore how the interactions between inflammatory diets and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection affect cognitive domains in older adults.

Public Health.

Chemicals are ubiquitous in modern life. More than 100,000 chemicals are currently used worldwide, and the production continues to increase. Measuring with accuracy all the components of the chemical exposome represents a tremendous challenge which has been only very partly met so far, and gaps in science remain multiple.

Public Health.

Background: The Mediterranean diet has been associated with decreased brain atrophy (Staubo et al. 2016,Alz&Dem), but the MIND (Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet, designed for dementia prevention (Morris et al. 2015, Alz&Dem), remains underexplored for its impact on brain atrophy.

Plant-based cheese analogs: structure, texture, and functionality.

Plant-based cheese analogs have been developed using plant-based ingredients to mimic the appearance, structure, and flavor of conventional cheeses. Due to the complex composition and structure of cheese, developing plant-based cheese analogs that completely replicate its physicochemical, structural, sensory, and nutritional features is a highly challenging endeavor. Therefore, the design of the structure of plant-based cheese analogs requires a critical evaluation of the functional features of the selected ingredients and the specialized combination of these ingredients to create a desired structure.

Public Health.

Background: Evidence suggests that diet may play a modifiable role in reducing Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) is linked to a lower incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Increasing evidence indicates the potential utility of a cytoskeletal protein found in astrocytes, plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), as a marker specific for AD pathogenesis.

Could New Palm-Free Structured Lipids Mitigate Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat Meals in Swiss Mice?

A high-fat meal can cause postprandial hyperlipemia, initiating an acute inflammatory response. New structured lipids (SLs) free from trans and palm fatty acids are emerging as food structurants. We evaluated the postprandial response and inflammatory profiles in Swiss mice after oral administration of SLs in high-fat meals.

Targeted Analysis, Metabolic Profiling, and Fingerprinting Based on an LC(GC)-MS Approach for the Comprehensive Evaluation of Pesticide Content in Edible Plants.

Pesticides are commonly found in plant-based foods, which inevitably reduces food quality and poses significant health risks to consumers. The extensive variety of crops and the wide range of pesticides used means that no single analytical approach can provide clear and comprehensive information on the pesticide-protection status of a crop. Since most pesticide analyses in food rely on chromatographic techniques combined with various MS platforms, this article focuses exclusively on LC-MS and GC-MS system methodologies.

Biomarkers.

Background: Metabolomics captures net influences of exposome, diet, gut microbiome, and genome, informing about individuality and how we respond to interventions. Applications of metabolomics in pharmacology are starting to enable a Systems Pharmacology approach, where the outcome of a treatment is considered to evolve from effects on complex molecular networks, enabling insights into response variations. We bring the power of these approaches to the study of the MIND, a Mediterranean DASH diet for prevention of cognitive decline.

Anti-Obesogenic and Antioxidant Potential of Lychee Seed Flour in Zebrafish Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Objective: Obesity has become one of the major public health issues and is associated with various comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Lychee seeds are considered promising ingredients for developing functional foods owing to their nutraceutical properties and phytochemical composition. This study aimed to induce obesity in zebrafish () through a hyperlipidic diet supplemented with different concentrations of lychee seed flour and to evaluate its effects on adipose tissue, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and caudal fin regeneration.

Food Policy Councils and Healthy Food Access Policies: A 2021 National Survey of Community Policy Supports.

Introduction: Food policy councils (FPCs) are frequently used to facilitate change in food systems at the local, state, and regional levels, or in tribal nations. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of food policy councils and similar coalitions among US municipalities and their associations with healthy food access policies.

Methods: We used data from the 2021 National Survey of Community-Based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living, administered to municipal officials from May through September 2021.

Recent Advances in Fluorescent Based Chemical Probes for the Detection of Perchlorate Ions.

This review highlights recent advancements and challenges in fluorescence-based chemical sensors for selective and sensitive detection of perchlorate, a persistent environmental pollutant and global concern due to its health and safety implications. Perchlorate is a highly persistent inorganic pollutant found in drinking water, soil, and air, with known endocrine-disruptive properties due to its interference with iodide uptake by the thyroid gland. Human exposure mainly occurs through contaminated water and food.

Biomarkers.

Background: Interplay between diet, depression, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows promise as an important area of study for early intervention and therapy. Associations between both depression and diet and heightened AD risk underscore the need to examine the moderating effect of dietary patterns on the relationship between depression, and AD-related blood-based biomarkers.

Method: Data from cognitively unimpaired older adults (n=89; age ≥60 years) enrolled in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study were included.

Atomistic dynamics of elimination and substitution driven by entrance channel.

E2 elimination and SN2 substitution reactions are of central importance in preparative organic synthesis due to their stereospecificity. Herein, atomistic dynamics of a prototype reaction of ethyl chloride with hydroxide ion are uncovered that show strikingly distinct features from the case with fluoride anion. Chemical dynamics simulations reproduce the experimental reaction rate and reveal that the E2 proceeding through a direct elimination mechanism dominates over SN2 for the hydroxide ion reaction.

Artificial intelligence and food flavor: How AI models are shaping the future and revolutionary technologies for flavor food development.

The food flavor science, traditionally reliant on experimental methods, is now entering a promising era with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). By integrating existing technologies with AI, researchers can explore and develop new flavor substances in a digital environment, saving time and resources. More and more research will use AI and big data to enhance product flavor, improve product quality, meet consumer needs, and drive the industry toward a smarter and more sustainable future.