Supercritical fluid extraction and encapsulation of Rivas () flower: Principal component analysis (PCA).

Supercritical CO modified by polar solvents can extract a wide variety of polar and non-polar chemical components compared to conventional methods. The current study aims to extract Rivas (Rheum ribes) flower using the ethanol modified supercritical CO (SCO-EOH) method; analyze its chemical compounds and bioactivity, encapsulate the extract in maltodextrin, gum-Arabic (GA), and their combination (GA + MD) using the spray drying method and investigate the differences among microparticles using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The Rivas extract obtained by the SCO-EOH method was a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids (mainly linoleic acid: 57.

Identification of microorganisms at different times in a bioleaching process for the recovery of gold and silver from minerals in oxide form.

In this study, gold and silver were recovered through a bioleaching process conducted at room temperature over 11 days. Native bacteria and varying ratios of mineral pulp to culture medium (20/80, 37.5/62.

A biomarker framework for liver aging: the Aging Biomarker Consortium consensus statement.

In human aging, liver aging per se not only increases susceptibility to liver diseases but also increases vulnerability of other organs given its central role in regulating metabolism. Total liver function tends to be well maintained in the healthy elderly, so liver aging is generally difficult to identify early. In response to this critical challenge, the Aging Biomarker Consortium of China has formulated an expert consensus on biomarkers of liver aging by synthesizing the latest scientific literature, comprising insights from both scientists and clinicians.

The gut microbiome and cross-reactivity of food allergens: current understanding, insights, and future directions.

This mini-review examines the emerging role of the gut microbiome in influencing food allergen cross-reactivity. It specifically focuses on how microbial diversity, antigens, and metabolites impact IgE-mediated allergic responses. Cross-reactivity occurs when structurally similar food and microbial antigens trigger hypersensitivities, affecting millions of people worldwide.

Genetic dissection of a reduced seed-shattering trait acquired in rice domestication.

Asian rice ( L.) was domesticated from wild rice ( Griff.).

Resistance haplotypes to green rice leafhopper ( Uhler) estimated in genome-wide association study in Myanmar rice landraces.

Green rice leafhopper (GRH, Uhler) is a serious insect pest of rice in the temperate regions of Asia. Myanmar has a high genetic diversity and is located at the center of the origin of rice. To understand the genetic architecture of GRH resistance in Myanmar rice landraces, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a diversity panel collected from diverse geographical regions.

Whole-genome resequencing of Japanese large-sized tomato cultivars provides insights into the history of modern breeding.

Tomatoes have the highest agricultural production among vegetables in Japan and worldwide. Japanese large-sized fresh-market tomatoes have a unique breeding history that differs from that of other countries, represented by pink-colored and juicy fruits with a good taste and flavor. We performed whole-genome resequencing of 150 Japanese large-sized fresh-market tomato cultivars released from the 1940s to the 2000s to unveil how breeding selection has changed the genome of Japanese tomato cultivars and provide a genomic basis for future Japanese tomato breeding.

Compositional changes and physiological activities of fresh ginseng extracts prepared at various temperatures in subcritical water.

Background: Subcritical water (SW) is regarded as an effective conversion technology for lignocellulosic biomass. The effect of SW on ginseng are limited to evaluate the ginsenoside composition of red ginseng, and there is little information on the effects of SW on fresh ginseng.

Methods: The general characteristics of ginseng extracts (GE) prepared with SW were evaluated in terms of brix, reducing sugar and residual solid content, and compositions of GE was estimated using chromatography.

Enhancement of skin regeneration through activation of signaling pathway by meyer non-edible callus-derived extracellular vesicles.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ginseng non-edible callus-derived extracellular vesicle (GNEV) on skin regeneration, particularly focusing on its impact on proliferation and migration in human dermal fibroblast (HDF).

Methods: GNEV was isolated from ginseng non-edible callus using sequential filtration and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The extracellular vesicle was characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA).

Fatty acid oxidation-induced HIF-1α activation facilitates hepatic urate synthesis through upregulating NT5C2 and XDH.

Dyslipidemia affects approximately half of all people with gout, and prior Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal role for elevated triglycerides in hyperuricemia (HU), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that dyslipidemia promotes hepatic urate biosynthesis in HU and gout and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (FAO) drives this process. Here we developed a targeted metabolomics to quantify major metabolites in purine metabolic pathway in the sera of a human cohort with HU, gout, and normaluricemic controls.

Erratum to "Sleep Promotion by 3-Hydroxy-4-iminobutyric Acid in Walnut ".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.34133/research.0216.

Pharmacological action of polysaccharides: a review.

, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and food, which has a long history of clinical application, is used to improve health conditions and treat various diseases. polysaccharides (ASP), the main active component of this traditional Chinese medicine, have multicomponent, multitarget characteristics and very broad pharmacological activities. They play important roles in the treatment of several diseases.

A review on arsenic contamination in drinking water: sources, health impacts, and remediation approaches.

Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater has become a global concern, and it poses a serious threat to the health of millions of people. Groundwater with high As concentrations has been reported worldwide. It is widely recognized that the toxicity of As largely depends on its chemical forms, making As speciation a critical issue.

Oral microbiota in aging and diseases.

Human microbiomes are microbial populations that form a symbiotic relationship with humans. There are up to 1000 species on the surface of human skin and mucosal system, among which gut microbiota attracts the most interest. As the beginning of the digestive tract, oral cavity is also an important microbial habitat in the human body which is the first line of defense against pathogens entering the body.

Food supply toxicants and additives alter the gut microbiota and risk of metabolic disease.

Metabolic disease is rising along with both global industrialization and the use of new commercial, agricultural, and industrial chemicals and food additives. Exposure to these compounds may contribute to aspects of metabolic disease such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Ingesting compounds in the food supply is a key route of human exposure, resulting in the interaction between toxicants or additives and the intestinal microbiota.

The impact of different cooking temperatures on the quality and moisture distribution of beef.

The objective of this study was to investigate the water-holding capacity (WHC) and quality changes of beef during heating at specific temperatures (including 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C), as well as the degradation of proteins and the distribution of water within the muscle at different heating temperatures. The experiment utilized the sirloin section from eight crossbred cattle of and breeds, with four sampling sessions, two cattle per session. Each cattle were divided into 30 beef sirloin samples, each weighing 150 ± 10 g, and each session was completed within 3 days with the following tests.

An Au-Ag@Au fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor for highly sensitive detection of fluoroquinolone residues.

Antibiotic residue detection plays an important role in protecting human health, but real-time, rapid, and highly sensitive detection is still challenging. Herein, gold and silver nanoparticles (Au-Ag NPs) were grown on the surface of optical fibers and a 50 nm thick gold film was deposited on the sensor's surface to fabricate the Au-Ag@Au fiber SPR sensor. The sensitivity of the sensor reached 3512 nm per RIU in the refractive index range of 1.

Exploring the progress and trends of immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis spanning nearly two decades.

Introduction: Immunotherapy is a crucial treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet analyses focusing on research priorities and trends in this field are limited. Therefore, this study employs bibliometric methods to systematically explore the current research status of immunotherapy for T1D.

Methods: Based on the Web of Science Core Collection Database, 1573 articles and review articles related to immunotherapy for T1D published from 2004 to 2023 were screened for bibliometric analysis.

Volitional Control of Chewing Frequency Affects Food Oral Processing and Texture Perception.

Background: Although varieties in chewing patterns are essential for the transformation of food in mouth and thereby its sensorial perception, there are few reports that show the effect of chewing frequency on food oral processing and its properties.

Objective: The current study tested whether consciously controlled chewing frequency influences the oral processing of habitually consumed foods and their sensory analysis.

Method: Chewing behaviour was analysed during the mastication of mushed potato samples by 20 participants in two separate test sessions, in which they were instructed to chew the sample in their habitual manner (free chewing test) or follow a preprogrammed video animation displayed on a screen, wich guided them to maintain a constant chewing frequency (F-const chewing test).

Multi-omics analysis reveals the anti-fatigue mechanism of BCAA-enriched egg white peptides: the role of the gut-muscle axis.

Bioactive peptides rich in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are an effective way to alleviate fatigue conditions, but the deep mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the anti-fatigue effect of branched-chain amino acid-enriched egg white peptides (BEWPs) through the gut-muscle axis by gut bacteria and untargeted metabolomic analyses. The results demonstrated that BEWPs enhanced exercise endurance and strength by also promoting gastrocnemius development in mice.

Metallic Nanostructures: An Updated Review on Synthesis, Stability, Safety, and Applications with Tremendous Multifunctional Opportunities.

Metallic nanostructures play a vital role in technological advancement, providing exceptional performance and improved adaptability in comparison to their bulk equivalents. Conventional synthesis techniques frequently depend on dangerous reducing agents to transform metal ions into Nanoparticles (NPs), which presents considerable environmental and health issues. In contrast, the approach of green synthesis, which emphasizes the use of non-toxic reagents, has garnered significant interest as a sustainable method for the fabrication of Metallic Nanoparticles (MNPs).

Telemedicine in Coeliac Disease: In-Person Appointments Are Favoured by Patients With a Lower Education Attainment and Lower Household Income.

Introduction: A gluten-free (GF) diet, the only treatment for people living with coeliac disease (CD), is challenging, and international guidelines highlight the valuable role of healthcare professionals in enabling self-management. The study aimed to explore the acceptability of telephone and online video consultations for adults with CD.

Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of an online and paper survey was promoted to adults with CD.

The concentration of malachite green in fish: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and probabilistic risk assessment.

Malachite Green (MG) is an antibiotic with antifungal activity, which is illegal to use in agriculture due to its mutagenic and teratogenic properties. Several scientific papers have been published on MG in fish. Therefore, an attempt was made to determine the meta-analysis concentration of MG in fish based on countries and types of fish subgroups, as well as the health risks of consumers, using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) model.

Integrating Metal-Organic Framework Hybrid into Nucleic Acid-Based Hydrogel for Highly Selective Recognition and Sensitive Detection of Sarafloxacin.

Metal-organic framework-based hybrids (MOFzyme) have promising applications in colorimetric aptasensors due to their highly efficient and stable catalytic activity. However, their efficient application in biosensors remains a challenging issue due to the limited reaction site and amorphous structure. Herein, we encapsulated catalase inside MOF cavities to prepare an MOFzyme with many functional groups on its surface, and the functional groups were utilized for the subsequent integration of MOFzyme into the hyaluronic acid-DNA hydrogel.

High-Efficiency CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing Unveils Biofilm Insights and Enhances Antimicrobial Activity in Bacillus velezensis FZB42.

Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a prominent plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and biocontrol agent known for producing a wide array of antimicrobial compounds. The capability to genetically manipulate this strain would facilitate understanding its metabolism and enhancing its sustainable agriculture applications. In this study, we report the first successful implementation of high-efficiency CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in B.