Impact of Nanoparticle-Based TiO Surfaces on Norovirus Capsids and Genome Integrity.

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are among the main causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. HuNoVs can survive for several days up to weeks at room temperature in the environment, on food, and on food handling and processing surfaces. As a result, this could lead to viral spread through the ingestion of food in contact with contaminated surfaces.

Anthocyanin-Rich Butterfly Pea Flower Extract Ameliorating Low-Grade Inflammation in a High-Fat-Diet and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model.

This study aimed to explore the enhancive effects of butterfly pea flower (BF) extracts on metabolic and immune homeostasis in a low-grade inflammation mouse model. The BF extract was found to contain mainly anthocyanins among other flavonoids. BF supplementation alleviated metabolic endotoxemia by lowering the plasma glucose, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels and restored lipid metabolism and the balance between Treg and Th17 cells, thereby inhibiting the dysfunctional liver and abdominal white adipose tissues.

Regulatory Effect of Isomaltodextrin on a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model with LPS-Induced Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation.

This study aimed to identify the effects of isomaltodextrin (IMD) on sustaining the gut integrity and microbiota composition in a high-fat diet (HFD) with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced low-grade inflammation mouse model. The homeostasis of the immune response is important to reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndromes. The results of this study showed that pre-treatment of IMD at 5% (w/v) suppressed the concentration of endotoxin and pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 while increasing the adiponectin level in the plasma.

Importance of the Precautionary Principle With Regard to the Risk of Exposure to Aerosols Containing Viral Loads of SARS-CoV-2 Present in Feces: In Perspective.

In COVID-19 infection, the emissions of droplets and aerosols produced by the respiratory tract of contaminated subjects may represent a high risk of spreading the SARS-COV-2 virus in the environment. Thus, studies have shown that there is, at least, another source of droplets and aerosols in which viral particles of SARS-COV-2 can be found. It happens after flushing of toilet to dispose of the stools of a patient who has contracted COVID-19.

Physicochemical Parameters Affecting Norovirus Adhesion to Ready-To-Eat Foods.

The adhesion of noroviruses to strawberry, turkey slices, ham, and cheddar cheese was studied using murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1) as a surrogate for human norovirus (NoV). Based on plaque assay, the recovery and adhesion of MNV-1 depended on the food type (turkey versus strawberry), pH of the initial suspension buffer (pH 4 versus pH 7), and food fat composition (C versus C). Recovery of infectious particles from turkey was 68% compared to 9.

Preliminary Investigation of Different Drying Systems to Preserve Hydroxytyrosol and Its Derivatives in Olive Oil Filter Cake Pressurized Liquid Extracts.

Phenolic compounds present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) could be retained in its byproducts during processing. Among them, hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives deserve special attention due to their health benefits recognized by The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). In the present research, the presence of these compounds in the filter cake byproduct was studied by combining pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS).

Impact of Nisin and Nisin-Producing ssp. on and Bacterial Ecosystem of Cheese Matrices.

spores survive milk pasteurization and cause late blowing of cheeses and significant economic loss. The effectiveness of nisin-producing ssp. 32 as a protective strain for control the growth in Cheddar cheese slurry was compared to that of encapsulated nisin-A.

Development of an Innovative Pressurized Liquid Extraction Procedure by Response Surface Methodology to Recover Bioactive Compounds from Carao Tree Seeds.

Nowadays there are evidences from several studies which have revealed the protective effects of food against chronic diseases. These healthy properties have been related to bioactive compounds. Among bioactive substances, the scientific interest in phenolic compounds has stimulated multidisciplinary research on the composition of plant phenolic compounds.

S-PT84 Prevents Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation-Associated Metabolic Disorders in a Lipopolysaccharide and High-Fat Diet C57/BL6J Mouse Model.

A long-term exposure to lipopolysaccharides results in the gut inflammation and its impaired barrier function, leading to the development of metabolic disorders. In this study, the role of dietary heat killed S-PT84 on preventing endotoxemia to maintain metabolic homeostasis was studied. We demonstrated that the treatment of S-PT84 improved the gut integrity by maintaining tight-junction protein expression, in order to suppress the infiltration of endotoxin into plasma.

Comparative Assessment of Phytochemical Profiles of Comfrey ( L.) Root Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Techniques.

In this work a comparative study on phytochemical profiles of comfrey root extracts obtained by different extraction approaches has been carried out. Chemical profiles of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid (SFE), pressurized liquid (PLE), and conventional solid/liquid extraction were compared and discussed. Phytochemical composition was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) identifying 39 compounds reported for the first time in comfrey root, mainly phenolic acids and fatty acids.

Chinese Sweet Leaf Tea () Mitigates LPS-Induced Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation and Reduces the Risk of Metabolic Disorders in a C57BL/6J Mouse Model.

Chronic exposure to minute doses of endotoxin elicits intestinal inflammation and impairs the gut barrier function, potentially resulting in systemic inflammation with elevated concentrations of biomarkers associated with metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of the S. Lee leaf extract in a model of low-grade systemic inflammation.

Novel design for alginate/resistant starch microcapsules controlling nisin release.

This study aimed to develop a novel nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and cost-efficient matrix for the encapsulation of antimicrobial component (nisin) to be used as bio-preservative agent in cheddar cheese. Nisin A loaded beads were prepared from alginate at 0.5%, 1% and 2%; and hi-maize resistant starch at 0.

New technological approaches for recovering bioactive food constituents from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) stems.

Introduction: In recent years, an increasing interest in biological properties of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) stems has resulted in increased attention for advanced extraction techniques and their optimisation.

Objectives: In the present study chemical profiles of P.

Encapsulation of Lactobacillus fermentum K73 by Refractance Window drying.

The purpose of this work was to model the survival of the microorganism and the kinetics of drying during the encapsulation of Lactobacillus fermentum K73 by Refractance Window drying. A whey culture medium with and without addition of maltodextrin were used as encapsulation matrices. The microorganism with the encapsulation matrices was dried at three water temperatures (333, 343 and 353 K) until reaching balanced moisture.

Research advances on the formation mechanism of resistant starch type III: A review.

Resistant starch (RS) plays a key role in providing metabolic and colonic health benefits. In particular, RS type III (RS) is of great interest because of its thermal stability and its preserved nutritional functionality. RS can be prepared by physical treatment, including high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound, extrusion, autoclaving, microwave cooking, and heat-moisture treatment.

Long- and short-range structural characteristics of pea starch modified by autoclaving, α-amylolysis, and pullulanase debranching.

Pea starch (S) was modified by autoclaving (A), α-amylolysis (E), and pullulanase debranching (P), the effect of pretreatments including autoclaving and α-amylolysis on the structural modifications to the pullulanase debranched starch was investigated. All processed pea starch was transformed from a C- to a B-type crystalline structure. The power law exponent (α) ranging from 1.

Structural characterization of resistant starch isolated from Laird lentils (Lens culinaris) seeds subjected to different processing treatments.

This work focused on the structural characterization of resistant starch from untreated (UL-RS), germinated (GL-RS), fermented (FL-RS), microwaved (ML-RS), conventionally cooked (CL-RS), and autoclaved (AL-RS) lentil seeds. The size exclusion chromatography (SEC) results showed that UL-RS, RL-RS, and GL-RS (Group A samples) exhibited higher values of M and R¯ than FL-RS, ML-RS, AL-RS (Group C samples), and CL-RS (Group B sample). In parallel with the SEC result, other structural characteristics followed similar trends, where Group C samples exhibited the lowest values of double helix content and crystallinity by C NMR, and degree of order/double helix by FT-IR.

Changes in phenolic composition in olive tree parts according to development stage.

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the phenolic profile in different organs (buds, flowers, fruits and leaves) from Chemlali olive variety cultivated in the Center of Tunisia according to development stage. Phenolics recovery was carried out using aqueous methanol from freeze-dried powdered tissues. The extracts were then analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight and ion trap mass spectrometry detectors.

Impact of β2-1 fructan on faecal community change: results from a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blinded, cross-over study in healthy adults.

Healthy adults (n 30) participated in a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blinded, cross-over study consisting of two 28 d treatments (β2-1 fructan or maltodextrin; 3×5 g/d) separated by a 14-d washout. Subjects provided 1 d faecal collections at days 0 and 28 of each treatment. The ability of faecal bacteria to metabolise β2-1 fructan was common; eighty-seven species (thirty genera, and four phyla) were isolated using anaerobic medium containing β2-1 fructan as the sole carbohydrate source.

Process efficiency of casein separation from milk using polymeric spiral-wound microfiltration membranes.

Microfiltration is largely used to separate casein micelles from milk serum proteins (SP) to produce a casein-enriched retentate for cheese making and a permeate enriched in native SP. Skim milk microfiltration is typically performed with ceramic membranes and little information is available about the efficiency of spiral-wound (SW) membranes. We determined the effect of SW membrane pore size (0.

The impact of homogeniser speed, dispersing aggregate size and centrifugation on particle size analyses of pork as a measure of myofibrillar fragmentation.

Particle size analysis has been proposed as a measure of myofibrillar fragmentation resulting from post-mortem proteolysis in meat. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of homogenisation speed, dispersing aggregate size and centrifugation on particle size characteristics of pork loin. Particle size characteristics were significantly (P≤0.

Physical, microbiological and rheological properties of probiotic yogurt supplemented with grape extract.

In this study, yogurt was supplemented with 1.5 and 3.0 g L of grape extract, inoculated culture containing , , and , fermented and stored at 4 °C.

Biogenic amine concentrations and evolution in "chilled" Canadian pork for the Japanese market.

The aim of this study was to evaluate concentrations and evolution of biogenic amines in Canadian pork destined for the Japanese market. At 48h post-mortem, export quality loins were aged at -1.7°C for 13, 28, 43 or 58d (chilled) or 4.

In vitro digestibility, protein composition and techno-functional properties of Saskatchewan grown yellow field peas (Pisum sativum L.) as affected by processing.

Saskatchewan grown yellow field pea was subjected to different processing conditions including dehulling, micronization, roasting, conventional/microwave cooking, germination, and combined germination and conventional cooking/roasting. Their nutritional and antinutritional compositions, functional properties, microstructure, thermal properties, in vitro protein and starch digestibility, and protein composition were studied. Processed field peas including conventional cooked yellow peas (CCYP), microwave cooked yellow peas (MCYP), germinated-conventional cooked yellow peas (GCCYP), and germinated-roasted yellow peas (GRYP) exhibited the significantly higher in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), which was in accordance with their significantly lower trypsin inhibitor activity and tannin content.

Comparison between Flow Cytometry and Traditional Culture Methods for Efficacy Assessment of Six Disinfectant Agents against Nosocomial Bacterial Species.

The present study was undertaken to compare the use of flow cytometry (FCM) and traditional culture methods for efficacy assessment of six disinfectants used in Quebec hospitals including: two quaternary ammonium-based, two activated hydrogen peroxide-based, one phenol-based, and one sodium hypochlorite-based. Four nosocomial bacterial species, , and Vancomycin-resistant , were exposed to minimum lethal concentrations (MLCs) and sublethal concentrations (1/2 MLCs) of disinfectants under study. The results showed a strong correlation between the two techniques for the presence of dead and live cell populations, as well as, evidence of injured populations with the FCM.