Flavored E-Cigarette Sales Restrictions and Young Adult Tobacco Use.

Importance: More than one-quarter of US residents live in states or localities that restrict sales of flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), often as a means to reduce youth vaping. Yet, how these policies affect young adult vaping and smoking remains unclear.

Objective: To estimate the effects of ENDS flavor restrictions on ENDS use and cigarette smoking among young adults (age 18-29 years) in the US.

Vitamins, Minerals and Phytonutrients as Modulators of Canine Immune Function: A Literature Review.

Trends in the pet food industry are driven by the humanization of pets, favoring the inclusion of functional ingredients or supplements that promote animal health. Several commercial diets claim to include supplements with benefits for dogs' immune function, but in vivo evidence that supports their efficacy remains limited. This literature review aimed to better understand the current knowledge on the effects of vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients on dogs' immune function.

Machine Learning for Predicting Zearalenone Contamination Levels in Pet Food.

Zearalenone (ZEN) has been detected in both pet food ingredients and final products, causing acute toxicity and chronic health problems in pets. Therefore, the early detection of mycotoxin contamination in pet food is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of animals. This study aims to develop a rapid and cost-effective method using an electronic nose (E-nose) and machine learning algorithms to predict whether ZEN levels in pet food exceed the regulatory limits (250 µg/kg), as set by Chinese pet food legislation.

A Multi-Enzyme Complex That Mitigates Hepatotoxicity, Improves Egg Production and Quality, and Enhances Gut and Liver Health in Laying Hens Exposed to Trace Aflatoxin B.

Aflatoxin B is a prevalent secondary hazardous metabolite generated by fungus present in feed ingredients and the surrounding environment: enzymes are currently being recognized as an efficient and promising approach to reducing the associated risks. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of varying doses of enzyme complexes on several parameters in laying hens that were exposed to aflatoxin. During an 8-week experiment, a total of 288 Yukou Jingfen No.

Childhood Mediterranean Diet Compliance Is Associated with Lower Incidence of Childhood Obesity, Specific Sociodemographic, and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Children Aged 6-9 Years.

Background: Mediterranean diet (MD) constitutes a commonly examined dietary model. It includes a plethora of bioactive ingredients with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and anticancer properties. Several substantial studies support strong evidence that MD can exert preventing actions against human morbidity and mortality, promoting human well-being and quality of life.

IngredSAM: Open-World Food Ingredient Segmentation via a Single Image Prompt.

Food semantic segmentation is of great significance in the field of computer vision and artificial intelligence, especially in the application of food image analysis. Due to the complexity and variety of food, it is difficult to effectively handle this task using supervised methods. Thus, we introduce IngredSAM, a novel approach for open-world food ingredient semantic segmentation, extending the capabilities of the Segment Anything Model (SAM).

Plant-Based Sunscreen Emulgel: UV Boosting Effect of Bilberry and Green Tea NaDES Extracts.

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) were employed for the extraction of bilberry and green tea leaves. This study explored the incorporation of these NaDES extracts into various carrier systems: hydrogels, emulsions, and emulgels stabilized with hydroxyethyl cellulose or xanthan gum. The results demonstrated that, when combined with synthetic UV filters, the NaDES extracts significantly enhanced the SPF and improved the antioxidant properties of the formulation.

Ex-Foods Diets Affect the Fatty Acid Profile of the Abdominal Adipose Tissue Without Significantly Affecting the Plasma Metabolome of Postweaning Piglets.

Food leftovers can be used as alternative feed ingredients for monogastric to replace human-competing feedstuffs, such as cereals, recycle a waste product, reduce the feed-food competition and keep nutrients and energy in the feed-food chain. Among food leftovers, former food products (FFPs) are no more intended for human but still suitable for animal consumption. However, the metabolic impact of FFP has never been investigated.

Fatty acids from cheese stimulate cholesterol efflux by ABC transporters.

It is essential to remove cholesterol from the body to suppress atherosclerosis progression. ABCA1 and ABCG1 transport cholesterol in peripheral cells including macrophages and function in the formation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). ABCG5/ABCG8 functions in the efflux of cholesterol from the body.

Effects of Hydrolysed Poultry Byproduct Meal on Metabolic, Inflammatory and Oxidative Parameters in Cats.

Hydrolysed proteins are of interest owing to their potential effects on metabolic and physiological responses, low allergenicity and high digestibility. This study aimed to evaluate the use of hydrolysed poultry byproduct meal (HPM) as a replacement for conventional poultry byproduct meal (PBM) as a protein source and to study its effects on serum cytokines, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, serum antioxidant parameters, blood pressure, and urinary parameters in cats. The replacement of PBM with HPM was evaluated using five formulations with similar chemical compositions: control (PBM as the sole protein source) and the inclusion of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% HPM (on an as-fed basis).

Anti-depression molecular mechanism elucidation of the phytochemicals in edible flower of Baroni.

The edible flower of Baroni, commonly known as "Huang Huacai" in China, has anti-depressant effects. However, targets and molecular mechanisms of Baroni edible flowers (HEF) in depression treatment are still unclear. The potential anti-depression targets in HEF were identified by the intersecting results from typical drug databases.

Utilization of Fish Skin Gelatin for Nutritional Value Enhancement of Avocado-Based Low-Fat Ice Cream.

Gelatin is one of the most widely used food ingredients, with wide applications in the food industry as stabilizing, gelling, and foaming agents. Fish skin is the basic source of gelatin, which contains a high amount of protein. The results show that the proximate compositions (protein, fat, ash, moisture, fiber, carbohydrate, and total energy) of the optimized ice cream product with ingredient compositions of (30% milk, 40% avocado pulp, 10% sugar, 15% gelatin, and 5% cream) show values of 3.

Recovery, Bioactivity, and Utilization of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Peel.

peels are rich in bioactive phenolic compounds with various health effects including antioxidant, antiobesity, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, antihypercholesterolemic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticarcinogenic activities. Both extractable and nonextractable phenolics are present in significant amounts in peel with diverse bioactivities. While extractable phenolics can be recovered from the fruit peels by conventional extraction methods, nonextractable phenolics remaining in the residues must be released from the cell matrix first by hydrolysis with acid, alkali, or enzymes.

Prospective life cycle assessment of climate and biodiversity impacts of meat-based and plant-forward meals: A case study of Indonesian and German meal options.

The emerging field of prospective life cycle assessment (pLCA) offers opportunities for evaluating the environmental impacts of possible future consumption shifts. One such shift involves a transition from meat-based to plant-forward diets, acknowledged to mitigate environmental impacts of the food system under present day conditions. Current diets are often meat intensive ("meat-based"), whilst "plant-forward" diets include mainly plant-based foods, encompassing flexitarian, vegetarian, and vegan diets.

Potential candidates from a functional food (Sichuan pepper) for the management of hyperuricemia: high-through virtual screening, network pharmacology and dynamics simulations.

Introduction: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic syndrome caused by purine metabolism disorders. (ZP) is a medicinal and food homologous plant, and its ripe peel is used to treat diseases and as a spice for cooking. Some studies have shown that ZP can inhibit the formation of xanthine oxidase and reduce the production of uric acid.

The potential of the amaranth collection maintained at VIR in the context of global plant breeding and utilization trends.

Amaranth is an ancient crop of the family Amaranthaceae, but it is fairly new to Russia. Its seeds and leaf biomass contain a high-quality gluten-free protein, fatty acids, squalene (a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon), flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals. A comprehensive study of amaranth, enhancement of its breeding, and development of new cultivars will contribute to food quality improvement through the use of plant raw materials enriched for wholesome and highly nutritious components.

Chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of Arthrospira sp., Thalassiosira sp., and Raphidonema sp.

Microalgae are emerging as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. This study evaluates hexane extracts from Thalassiosira sp. and Raphidonema sp.

Cadmium exposure increases insecticide sensitivity of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) by decrease the diversity of symbiotic bacteria.

Cadmium (Cd) is a prevalent environmental pollutant in agricultural ecosystems, particularly within paddy ecosystems, is readily absorbed by rice and enter herbivorous insects through the food chain, thereby influencing the implementation of integrated pest management strategies. However, the effect and mechanisms of Cd exposure on the sensitivity of pests in paddy to insecticides remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Cd exposure on the fitness, insecticide sensitivity and symbiotic bacteria of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (white-backed planthopper, WBPH).

Study on knowledge and perceptions on the uptake of non-medicinal cannabis-substances and preparations by Portuguese consumers: Borderline issues.

L.-based food supplement products in pharmacies and para pharmacies in Portugal increased by 84 % between 2021 and 2022, arousing consumers' curiosity. However, information about these products is limited, and consumers are not aware of the restrictions in current European regulations.

Synthesis of galactooligosaccharides with four β-galactosidases: Structural comparison of the products by HPLC, ESI-MS and NMR.

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are lactose-derived functional ingredients applied in food products and have great potential in health protection. The conversion of lactose to GOS commonly occurs using β-galactosidases of mould, yeast and bacterial origin. The yield and structure of the resulting GOS depend on the enzyme used and the reaction conditions.

[Building a food image dataset based on intelligent recognition and weight estimation].

Objective: To improve the accuracy of food intelligent recognition and weight estimation technology, establish a large-scale food image dataset.

Methods: Building large-scale food image and ingredient datasets based on web crawler technology, professional manual collection, and regular user uploads.

Results: A big dataset was constructed containing over 1.

Insight into the correlation of taste substances and salty-umami taste from hydrolysates prepared using different proteases.

To prepare dual-functional seasoning ingredients with a salty-umami taste, five proteases were applied to hydrolyze proteins, preparing enzymatic hydrolysates. Their taste compounds along with the salty-umami taste, were investigated. The results revealed that enzymatic hydrolysis facilitated the release of taste compounds from .

Evaluation of innovative drying technologies in drying considering product quality and drying efficiency.

is widely used as healthy food and herbal medicine for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antihypertensive, and antiviral functions. The drying behavior and physicochemical quality of were studied to evaluate its adaptability under four drying techniques: hot air drying (HAD), medium-and short-wave infrared drying (MSWID), pulsed vacuum drying (PVD), and radio frequency-HAD (RF-HAD). Compared with HAD and MSWID, PVD and RF-HAD can form beneficial microporous channels for moisture migration inside , thus shortening drying time by 32.

Fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of defatted, non-defatted and oils extracts of fruit from Algeria.

Background: The nutritional value and health-promoting properties cause the fruits (acorns) of to have great potential for use in the food industry as functional ingredients and antioxidants source.

Objective: In this study, the amount of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids in different extracts (defatted, non-defatted) and composition of fatty acids in the fruits oils of were investigated. Besides, antioxidant activity was determined.

Chia Oil Nanoemulsion Using Chia Mucilage as a Wall Material: An Alternative for Cracker Fat Substitution.

Crackers are bakery products that have shown an increase in consumption. One way to make crackers more nutritious is to add bioactive compounds, such as chia oil which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. As these compounds are highly unsaturated, encapsulation techniques, such as nanoemulsion, allow the addition of them in foods, guaranteeing the preservation of their properties.