An approach to determine the net predictive multivariate association pattern between cardiorespiratory fitness and a high-resolution physical activity spectrum in the presence of multicollinear covariates.

Multivariate pattern analysis was recently extended with covariate projections to solve the challenging task of modelling and interpreting associations in the presence of linear dependent multivariate covariates. Within a joint model, this approach allows quantification of the net association pattern between the outcome and the explanatory variables and between the individual covariates and these variables. The aim of this paper is to apply this methodology to establish the net multivariate association pattern between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and a high-resolution linear dependent physical activity (PA) intensity descriptor derived from accelerometry in children and to validate the crucial sub-regions in the PA spectrum predicting CRF.

Turkish validity and reliability study of the psychological food involvement scale: PFIS-TR.

Background: This study aimed to adapt the Psychological Food Involvement Scale (PFIS) to Turkish culture and test its validity and reliability. The PFIS measures individuals' psychological, emotional, and social relationships with food, which significantly impact eating behaviors and health.

Methods: The study was conducted with 478 participants aged 18-65.

Use of flavor capsule cigarettes and their preliminary impact on smoking cessation in Mexico: an exploratory study.

Background: No study has assessed the impact of flavor capsule cigarettes (FCCs) on smoking cessation. Thus, the purpose of this exploratory study was to assess (1) the sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics associated with using FCCs, and (2) the preliminary impact of FCCs on smoking cessation.

Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of a single-arm study with 100 individuals living in Mexico who smoked and received a smoking cessation mHealth intervention and pharmacotherapy support.

Turning residues into valuable compounds: organic waste conversion into odd-chain fatty acids via the carboxylate platform by recombinant oleaginous yeast.

Environmental concerns are rising the need to find cost-effective alternatives to fossil oils. In this sense, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are proposed as carbon source for microbial oils production that can be converted into oleochemicals. This investigation took advantage of the outstanding traits of recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica strains to assess the conversion of SCFAs derived from real digestates into odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA).

Impact of commercial gut health interventions on caecal metagenome and broiler performance.

Background: Maintaining gut health is a persistent and unresolved challenge in the poultry industry. Given the critical role of gut health in chicken performance and welfare, there is a pressing need to identify effective gut health intervention (GHI) strategies to ensure optimal outcomes in poultry farming. In this study, across three broiler production cycles, we compared the metagenomes and performance of broilers provided with ionophores (as the control group) against birds subjected to five different GHI combinations involving vaccination, probiotics, prebiotics, essential oils, and reduction of ionophore use.

Perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms among adults in five countries: evidence from the International Food Policy Study.

Background: A better understanding of correlates of sugary drink consumption is essential to inform public health interventions. This study examined differences in perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms between countries, over time, and sociodemographic groups and associations with sugary drink intake.

Methods: This study used annual cross-sectional data from the International Food Policy Study from 2018 to 2021 in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Mexico.

Urban fruit bats give birth earlier in the season compared to rural fruit bats.

Background: Urbanization is rapidly altering our ecosystem. While most wild species refrain from entering urban habitats, some flourish in cities and adapt to the new opportunities these offer. Urban individuals of various species have been shown to differ in physiology, morphology, and behavior compared to their rural counterparts.

Defective Slc7a7 transport reduces erythropoietin compromising erythropoiesis.

Background: Lysinuric protein intolerance is a rare autosomal disorder caused by mutations in the Slc7a7 gene that lead to impaired transport of neutral and basic amino acids. The gold standard treatment for lysinuric protein intolerance involves a low-protein diet and citrulline supplementation. While this approach partially improves cationic amino acid plasma levels and alleviates some symptoms, long-term treatment is suggested to be detrimental and may lead to life-threatening complications characterized by a wide range of hematological and immunological abnormalities.

Identifying mechanisms that shape the food environment in long-term healthcare facilities in the Netherlands: a participatory system dynamics approach.

Background: Creating healthy and sustainable food environments within long-term healthcare facilities asks for a systemic approach. This study aimed to: (1) identify system dynamics underlying the food environment of long-term healthcare facilities, (2) formulate actions for changing the system to promote a healthy and sustainable food environment and (3) evaluate stakeholder perspectives about the process and progress towards action implementation up to one-year follow-up.

Methods: A group model building (GMB) approach was used during two workshops with stakeholders of five different long-term healthcare facilities in the Netherlands.

The relationship between sarcopenia and mental health status in Chinese older adults: the mediating role of activities of daily living.

Background: Most existing studies focus on either the relationship between sarcopenia and depressive symptoms or sarcopenia and cognitive functions. Few studies have examined depressive symptoms and cognitive functions simultaneously. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sarcopenia and both depressive symptoms and cognitive functions in the elderly by introducing activities of daily living to explore the mediating role of activities of daily living between sarcopenia and mental health.

Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy.

Background: The present research work was done to evaluate the anatomical differences among selected species of the family Bignoniaceae, as limited anatomical data is available for this family in Pakistan. Bignoniaceae is a remarkable family for its various medicinal properties and anatomical characterization is an important feature for the identification and classification of plants.

Methodology: In this study, several anatomical structures were examined, including stomata type and shape, leaf epidermis shape, epidermal cell size, and the presence or absence of trichomes and crystals (e.

Sustainable utilization of bovine adipose tissue derivatives as robust antimicrobial agents against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: The excessive use of antibiotics is a major contributor to the global issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a significant threat to human and animal health. Hence, assessing new strategies for managing Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) microorganisms is vital. In this study, the use of mechanically isolated mature adipose cells (MIMACs) and their lysate (Adipolysate) as a new sustainable antimicrobial agent was assessed against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Refined methodologies for probabilistic dietary exposure assessment for food contaminants based on the observed individual means methodology.

Background: The Observed Individual Means (OIM) methodology, based on the non-parametric bootstrap, is usually employed to perform basic probabilistic dietary chronic exposure assessment, and assumes independence and identical distribution of occurrence data within food category. However, this assumption may not be valid if several expected distributions of occurrence can be a priori identified within food category. Moreover, OIM assumes each analysed food sample to equally contribute to mean occurrence, as information about relevance of each food item cannot be incorporated into exposure assessment.

Impact of choline choride and sugar natural deep eutectic solvents on structure and functionality of treebean (Parkia timoriana) seed protein.

This study explores the impact of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) on the structure and functionality of treebean (Parkia timoriana) seed protein, a novel approach to enhancing protein stability and functionality for sustainable bioprocessing. The research aims to evaluate the dynamic interactions between protein and choline chloride-sugar-based NADES, focusing on their effects on thermal properties, emulsification behaviour, and rheological characteristics. NADES were formulated using different sugars, and protein-NADES dispersions were analysed for their physicochemical and functional properties.

Atmospheric cold plasma alters plant traits and negatively affects the growth and development of fall armyworm in rice.

Plasma is considered as the fourth state of matter, and atmospheric cold plasma (cold plasma) is a type of plasma consisting of ionized gases containing excited species of atoms, molecules, ions, and free radicals at near room temperature. Cold plasma is generated by applying high voltage to gases, causing it to ionize thus forming plasma. Although cold plasma has been found to break seed dormancy and improve germination rate, only a few studies have explored the potential of cold plasma against insect herbivory.

Comparative study of degree, neighborhood and reverse degree based indices for drugs used in lung cancer treatment through QSPR analysis.

Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling has emerged as a pivotal tool in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug design, offering a predictive framework for understanding the correlation between chemical structure and physicochemical properties. Topological indices are mathematical descriptors derived from the molecular graphs that capture structural features and connectivity, playing a crucial role in QSPR analysis by quantitatively relating chemical structures to their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Lung cancer is characterized by its aggressive nature and late-stage diagnosis, often limiting treatment options and significantly impacting patient survival rates.

Comparison of Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Local Analgesics: CPL-01, a Novel Extended-Release Ropivacaine, Demonstrates Consistent and Predictable Exposure Compared with Liposomal Bupivacaine.

Background And Objective: There is a significant medical need for improved long-acting local anesthetics to decrease postsurgical pain and reduce postoperative opioid use. While ropivacaine is considered a safer local anesthetic than bupivacaine, no long-acting ropivacaine formulation is currently marketed. Available formulations of bupivacaine show inconsistent pharmacokinetics (PK) among different surgical models, and inconsistency in PK may lead to a reluctance to use the medication owing to fear of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) or unreliable efficacy.

Non-clinical Psychosocial Mental Health Support Programmes for People with Diverse Language and Cultural Backgrounds: A Critical Rapid Review.

Low accessibility to mainstream psychosocial services disadvantages culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations, resulting in delayed care and high rates of unsupported psychological distress. Non-clinical interventions may play an important role in improving accessibility to psychosocial support, but what characterises best practice in this space remains unclear. This critical rapid review addressed this gap by searching for, and critically analysing, existing research on non-clinical psychosocial support services, drawing from a critical realist framework and Brossard and Chandler's (Brossard and Chandler, Explaining mental illness: Sociological perspectives, Bristol University Press, 2022) taxonomy of positions on culture and mental health.

Medical Imaging Data Strategies for Catalyzing AI Medical Device Innovation.

Continuous and consistent access to quality medical imaging data stimulates innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for patient care. Breakthrough innovations in data-driven AI technologies are founded on seamless communication between data providers, data managers, data users and regulators or other evaluators to determine the standards for quality data. However, the complexity in imaging data quality and heterogeneous nature of AI-enabled medical devices and their intended uses presents several challenges limiting the clinical translation of novel AI technologies.

Cadmium Pollution Deteriorates the Muscle Quality of Labeo rohita by Altering Its Nutrients and Intestinal Microbiota Diversity.

The detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd), a hazardous heavy metal, on fish have triggered global concerns. While the ecotoxicity of Cd on fish has been investigated, the impact of Cd on muscle quality and its correlation with the gut microbiota in fish remains scarce. To comprehensively uncover Cd effects based on preliminary muscle Cd deposition, relevant studies, and ecological Cd pollution data, we exposed Labeo rohita to Cd under concentrations of 0.

Low Abundance of Regular Pollinators and Indirect Competitive Effects of Dominant Small Bees Negatively Affect Passion Fruit Pollination in Smallholder Croplands.

Land-use changes have led to natural habitat loss and fragmentation, favoring the occurrence of dominant bee species in agroecosystems. This has raised concerns on the dominance effects in pollination-dependent crops like passion fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims) in tropical regions. That is because dominant bee species might overlap their foraging time with regular pollinators, potentially impairing crop yield.

Four Neurotoxic Insecticides Impair Partner and Host Finding in the Parasitoid Leptopilina heterotoma and Bioactive Doses Can Be Taken up Via the Host.

In modern agriculture, control of insect pests is achieved by using insecticides that can also have lethal and sublethal effects on beneficial non-target organisms. Here, we investigate acute toxicity and sublethal effects of four insecticides on the males' sex pheromone response and the female host finding ability of the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina heterotoma. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists acetamiprid, flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor, as well as the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor dimethoate were applied topically as acetone solutions.

Unexpected species diversity in the understanding of selenium-containing soil invertebrates.

Yutangba, situated in Enshi City, Hubei Province, is globally noted for its high selenium (Se) content. Soil invertebrates are essential to the functionality and services of terrestrial ecosystems, yet their community composition in this region remains under-explored. This study utilized environmental DNA metabarcoding to investigate the interrelations among environmental factors, soil invertebrate diversity, and community characteristics concerning soil Se content, pH, and moisture content in the region.

Non-additive dosage-dependent effects of TaGS3 gene editing on grain size and weight in wheat.

Loss-of-function mutations induced by CRISPR-Cas9 in the TaGS3 gene homoeologs show non-additive dosage-dependent effects on grain size and weight and have potential utility for increasing grain yield in wheat. The grain size in cereals is one of the component traits contributing to yield. Previous studies showed that loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in GS3, encoding Gγ subunit of the multimeric G protein complex, increase grain size and weight in rice.