Serum Biomarkers in Transthyretin Amyloidosis: An Overview of Neurofilaments, Cardiac, Renal, and Gastrointestinal Involvement.

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv, v for variant) is a genetic disorder characterized by the deposition of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) protein in tissues, resulting in progressive dysfunction of multiple organs, including the nervous system, heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Noninvasive serum biomarkers have become key tools for diagnosing and monitoring ATTRv. This review examines the role of available biomarkers for neurological, cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, and multisystemic involvement in ATTRv.

Advantage of bedside versus conventional operating room surgery in the management of term and preterm newborn infants: a single center retrospective observational study.

Purpose: To compare postoperative outcomes of bedside surgery (BS) with those of surgery performed in the operating room (ORS) in preterm and full-term neonates.

Methods: Data from neonates undergoing major surgical interventions were retrospectively evaluated. Primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative hypothermia.

Primary tumor surgery in de novo metastatic breast cancer: Game-changer or misinterpretation?

The study titled "Primary tumor surgery in patients with de novo metastatic breast cancer: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study in Belgium" opens an important discussion about the potential role of surgery in the treatment of de novo MBC; although the results are promising, they should be interpreted with caution given the limitations of the study design. The question remains whether surgery is truly a game-changer for all patients or whether its benefits are more nuanced depending on individual patient factors and disease characteristics. As the oncology community continues to explore this question, a modern breast surgeon should emphasize the importance of further prospective trials and personalized treatment strategies that consider not only surgery but also the growing arsenal of available systemic therapies.

Low-grade endometrial endometrioid carcinoma of the p53-abnormal group: case presentation and diagnostic issues.

P53-abnormal endometrial carcinomas are high-grade and aggressive tumors which should be treated with chemo-/radiotherapy. In low-grade endometrioid carcinoma (LGEC), abnormal expression of p53 is an exceptional finding and is typically accompanied by patchy p16 positivity and diffuse hormone receptor expression. Herein, we report a case of LGEC exhibiting both p53 and p16 overexpression, highlighting the diagnostic pitfalls related to such phenotype.

Development of a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the TRBV5-1 segment of the T cell receptor for the treatment of mature T cell neoplasms.

Background: Mature T-cell neoplasms arise from the neoplastic transformation of a single T lymphocyte, and all cells in a neoplastic clone share the same V segment in the beta chain of the T-cell receptor (TCR). These segments may represent an innovative target for the development of targeted therapies.

Methods: A specific V segment of the TCR beta chain (TRBV5-1) was analyzed using bioinformatic tools, identifying three potential antigenic peptides.

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals key stromal prognostic markers in pancreatic cancer.

In recent years, it has been shown that stroma compartment can favor tumor proliferation and aggressiveness. Although extensive research with network analyses such as Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) has been conducted on pancreatic cancer and its stromal components, WGCNA has not previously been applied to isolate and identify genes associated with the abundance of stroma and survival outcome from bulk RNA data. We investigated the gene expression profile and clinical information of 140 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients from TCGA.

An AMBRA1, ULK1 and PP2A regulatory network regulates cytotoxic T cell differentiation via TFEB activation.

The scaffold protein AMBRA1, which participates in the autophagy pathway, also promotes CD4 T cell differentiation to Tregs independent of autophagy through its interactor PP2A. Here we have investigated the role of AMBRA1 in CD8 T cell differentiation to cytotoxic T cells (CTL). AMBRA1 depletion in CD8 T cells was associated with impaired expression of the transcription factors RUNX3 and T-BET that drive CTL differentiation and resulted in impaired acquisition of cytotoxic potential.

Prophylactic HPV vaccination in HPV-related gynecologic cancers: European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO) prevention committee opinion.

Many clinicians recommend that patients diagnosed with HPV-related gynecologic cancers receive prophylactic HPV vaccination at the time of cancer diagnosis or after cancer treatment. In view of the large use of such practice, we aimed to assess the literature evidence supporting the use of prophylactic HPV vaccines after diagnosis or treatment of HPV-related gynecologic cancers. Women who develop HPV-related cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers represent a subgroup of patients who may be particularly sensitive to HPV infection and re-acquire infections.

Background parenchymal enhancement in CEM and MRI: Is there always a high agreement?

Introduction: Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) refers to the physiological enhancement of breast fibroglandular tissue. This study aimed to determine the agreement of BPE evaluation between contrast enhanced mammography (CEM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and investigate potential confounders.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, IRB-approved study included women recalled from screening or with inconclusive findings on mammography and/or ultrasound, who underwent both CEM and MRI between 2018 and 2022.

Lung Function Decline in Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare lung disorder characterized by calcium phosphate microliths in the alveolar spaces. Autosomal recessive mutations on the SLC34A2 gene lead to altered type IIb sodium phosphate cotransporter in alveolar type-II cells of the lung, thus resulting in aggregations of microliths in the alveoli. To date, more than 1000 cases have been reviewed by expert pulmonary clinicians.

Ultrasound-assisted and landmark-based nusinersen delivery in spinal muscular atrophy adults: A retrospective analysis.

Introduction/purpose: Nusinersen, the first treatment approved for all spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) types, is administered intrathecally through lumbar puncture. We used ultrasound assistance or a landmark-based technique to access the lumbar intrathecal space in adult SMA patients. This study aimed to evaluate the technical success and adverse events (AEs) in such patients using either technique over a long observation period.

A topographic approach to the markers of macrophage/microglia and other cell types in high grade glioma.

In glioblastoma, glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) represent the major population of tumor infiltrating cells, with up to one half of the cells of the tumor mass. Recent studies have shown that microglia are involved in the maintenance of immunological homeostasis and protection against autoimmunity. However, despite the growing body of evidence on the topic, many aspects are yet to be clarified.

The multiple facets of ovarian high grade serous carcinoma: a review on morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features.

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer and a leading cause of mortality among gynecologic malignancies. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of HGSOC, highlighting its pathogenesis and identifying biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. Special emphasis is placed on the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) and genomic instability in shaping the tumor's behavior and therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Survival Outcomes with Regorafenib and/or Trifluridine/Tipiracil Sequencing to Rechallenge with Third-Line Regimens in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Real-World Subgroup Comparison from the ReTrITA Study.

Background: There is ongoing discussion around the optimal course of treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) following the second line. Trifluridine/tipiracil (T) and regorafenib (R) have been the mainstay of therapy in this situation, as they both increased overall survival (OS) in comparison to a placebo. Despite the paucity of evidence, therapy rechallenge is also recognized as an option for practical use.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Body Composition in Male Childhood Brain Tumor Survivors.

. Childhood brain tumor survivors (CCSs) are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and sarcopenia. To date, a tool able to predict any body composition changes or detect them early and increased adiposity (and, therefore, increased likelihood of MetS onset) is still lacking in this population.

Ethical issues in perinatal communication.

Unlabelled: Advancements in neonatal critical care continue, enhancing perinatal communication is essential to address the bioethical challenges faced. In perinatal care, various life-limiting or life-threatening conditions that address ethical issues can arise, both during the prenatal and postnatal phases. The diagnosis, prognosis, and potential treatment of these conditions significantly influence the lives of both the unborn child and the newborn, thereby directly impacting parental choices and experiences.

Clinical characterization of a novel p.Gly615Glu mutation in nine family members with familial hemiplegic migraine.

Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 results from pathogenic variants in the gene, which encodes for a catalytic subunit of sodium/potassium ATPase. This extremely rare autosomal dominant disorder manifests with a spectrum of symptoms, most commonly pure hemiplegic phenotype, epilepsy, and/or intellectual disability. In this study, we detail the clinical features and genetic analysis of nine patients from a large family spanning four generations, with all carrying a previously unreported likely pathogenic variant, p.

Evaluating the feasibility of modern external beam radiotherapy as an alternative approach to brachytherapy in endometrial cancer treatment: A systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of using modern external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as alternative approaches to brachytherapy (BRT) in adjuvant treatment of endometrial cancer (EC).

Material And Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The research question was framed using the PICO method, focusing on patients with EC [P] and comparing modern EBRT techniques (IMRT, VMAT, SBRT) [I] vs.

Relationship between post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence, sexual functions, and dyadic adjustment: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is the treatment option for localized prostate cancer. It can lead to side effects like erectile dysfunction (ED) and post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI). This study aimed to evaluate association between dyadic adjustment, PPUI and ED.

Versatility of Diagon\Gel 4Two Implants in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery.

Background: Breast augmentation and breast reconstruction with implants are among the most performed surgery worldwide.

Objective: In the search for an ideal implant in terms of safety, shape and consistency, the authors report their experience with a subtype of breast implant, the Diagon\Gel 4Two implants, in both cosmetic and reconstructive cases by analyzing their experience on 116 consecutive patients.

Methods: One hundred and sixteen consecutive patients undergoing both aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery using Diagon\Gel 4Two Implants between January 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

Respiratory Viruses in Patients With Hematological Malignancy in Boreal Autumn/Winter 2023-2024: EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA Report.

Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (CARV) significantly impact patients with hematological malignancies (HM), leading to high morbidity and mortality. However, large-scale, real-world data on CARV in these patients is limited. This study analyzed data from the EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA registry, focusing on patients with HM diagnosed with CARV during the 2023-2024 autumn-winter season.