Goal-Setting in Multiple Sclerosis-Related Spasticity Treated with Botulinum Toxin: The GASEPTOX Study.

Spasticity is one of the most disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Botulinum toxin injection (BTI) is a first-line treatment for focal spasticity. There is a lack of evidence of a functional improvement following BTI in MS-related spasticity.

One-day prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Clostridioides difficile in 10 French hospitals.

Background: Asymptomatic faecal carriage of Clostridioides difficile has been widely evaluated, but its prevalence across a wide range of clinical departments and related risk factors are not well described. The objectives of the PORTADIFF study were to evaluate the prevalence and identifying risk factors leading to asymptomatic carriage of both toxigenic and non-toxigenic C. difficile.

Anodal tDCS of contralesional hemisphere modulates ipsilateral control of spinal motor networks targeting the paretic arm post-stroke.

Objective: The role of ipsilateral motor cortex efferent pathways in the transmission of voluntary command to spinal motor nuclei remains controversial in humans. In healthy subjects, their implication in cortical control is hidden by predominant role of crossed corticospinal tract. However, evidence from electrophysiological and imaging studies suggest that ipsilateral tracts may contribute to functional recovery after unilateral brain damage.

Delayed-onset hypoxic cortical blindness: coming back from the abyss.

Purpose: To report a case of typical delayed-onset hypoxic cortical blindness that occurred few days after resuscitation from drowning in a young male.

Methods: Neurological and ophthalmological examination were performed including optical coherence tomography (OCT), Goldmann perimetry, pattern electroretinogram (pERG), pattern and flash visual evoked potentials (pVEP and fVEP) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results: At presentation, at day 12 post-hypoxic incident, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was reduced to hand motion OU with an abolished optokinetic nystagmus, a normal fundus and no relative afferent pupillary defect.

Sex Differences in Recovery-Related Outcomes and Needs for Psychiatric Rehabilitation in People With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Female sex/gender has been associated with better longitudinal outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Few studies have investigated the relationships between female gender and recovery-related outcomes. Women's specific psychiatric rehabilitation needs remain largely unknown.

Narrative enhancement and cognitive therapy (NECT) to improve social functioning in people with serious mental illness: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Self-stigma is highly prevalent in serious mental illness (SMI) and is associated with poorer clinical and functional outcomes. Narrative enhancement and cognitive therapy (NECT) is a group-based intervention combining psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring and story-telling exercises to reduce self-stigma and its impact on recovery-related outcomes. Despite evidence of its effectiveness on self-stigma in schizophrenia-related disorders, it is unclear whether NECT can impact social functioning.

Stigma resistance is associated with advanced stages of personal recovery in serious mental illness patients enrolled in psychiatric rehabilitation.

Background: Stigma resistance (SR) is defined as one's ability to deflect or challenge stigmatizing beliefs. SR is positively associated with patient's outcomes in serious mental illness (SMI). SR appears as a promising target for psychiatric rehabilitation as it might facilitate personal recovery.

Improving social function with real-world social-cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: Results from the RemedRugby quasi-experimental trial.

Background: Functional capacity (FC) has been identified as a key outcome to improve real-world functioning in schizophrenia. FC is influenced by cognitive impairments, negative symptoms, self-stigma and reduced physical activity (PA). Psychosocial interventions targeting FC are still under-developed.

Self-stigma in serious mental illness and autism spectrum disorder: Results from the REHABase national psychiatric rehabilitation cohort.

Background: Self-stigma is a major issue in serious mental illness (SMI) and is negatively associated with patient outcomes. Most studies have been conducted in schizophrenia (SZ). Less is known about self-stigma in other SMI and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Effects of a 6-month self-rehabilitation programme in addition to botulinum toxin injections and conventional physiotherapy on limitations of patients with spastic hemiparesis following stroke (ADJU-TOX): protocol study for a randomised controlled, investigator blinded study.

Introduction: Home-based self-rehabilitation programmes combined with botulinum toxin injections (BTIs) appear to be a relevant approach to increase the recommended intensive rehabilitation of patients with spasticity following a stroke. The literature highlights a lack of evidence of beneficial effects of this adjuvant therapy to reduce limitations of patients with stroke. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of a 6-month self-rehabilitation programme in adjunction to BTI, in comparison with BTI alone, to reduce limitations of patients with spasticity following a stroke.

Developmental Trajectories of Hand Movements in Typical Infants and Those at Risk of Developmental Disorders: An Observational Study of Kinematics during the First Year of Life.

The kinematics of hand movements (spatial use, curvature, acceleration, and velocity) of infants with their mothers in an interactive setting are significantly associated with age in cohorts of typical and at-risk infantsdiffer significantly at 5-6 months of age, depending on the context: relating either with an object or a person.Environmental and developmental factors shape the developmental trajectories of hand movements in different cohorts: environment for infants with VIMs; stage of development for premature infants and those with West syndrome; and both factors for infants with orality disorders.The curvature of hand movements specifically reflects atypical development in infants with West syndrome when developmental age is considered.

Spasticity and spastic dystonia: the two faces of velocity-dependent hypertonia.

Background: Spasticity and spastic dystonia are two separate phenomena of the upper motor neuron syndrome. Spasticity is clinically defined by velocity-dependent hypertonia and tendon jerk hyperreflexia due to the hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex. Spastic dystonia is the inability to relax a muscle leading to a spontaneous tonic contraction.

Traumatic brain injury among female offenders in a prison population: results of the FleuryTBI study.

Aim: The study was designed to estimate the prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a French prison population of female offenders, study the variables known to be associated with TBI, and compare our results with those obtained among male offenders as described in a previous paper.

Participants: All female offenders (adults and juveniles) consecutively admitted to Fleury-Mérogis prison over a 3-month period were included in the study.

Method: During the admission procedure, female offenders were interviewed by healthcare staff using a self-reported questionnaire.

Prevalence of traumatic brain injury and epilepsy among prisoners in France: Results of the Fleury TBI study.

Objective: The first aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of TBI and epilepsy in a French prison population and to study variables known to be associated with TBI. The second aim was to compare prisoners with and without a history of TBI.

Participants: All offenders (females, males and juveniles) admitted consecutively to Fleury-Mérogis prison over a period of 3 months were included in the study.

Spinal plasticity in stroke patients after botulinum neurotoxin A injection in ankle plantar flexors.

The effect of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) in stroke patients' upper limbs has been attributed to its peripheral action only. However, BoNT-A depressed recurrent inhibition of lumbar motoneurons, likely due to its retrograde transportation along motor axons affecting synapses to Renshaw cells. Because Renshaw cells control group Ia interneurons mediating reciprocal inhibition between antagonists, we tested whether this inhibition, particularly affected after stroke, could recover after BoNT-A.