Dreams interrupted: characteristics of REM sleep-associated seizures and status epilepticus.

Study Objectives: Seizures are rare in rapid eye movement sleep (REM). However; seizures sometimes occur in REM, and a small number of focal epilepsy patients display their maximum rate of interictal epileptiform discharges in REM. We sought to systematically identify and characterize seizures in REM.

Presumed aetiologies and clinical outcomes of non-lesional late-onset epilepsy.

Background And Purpose: Our objective was to define phenotypes of non-lesional late-onset epilepsy (NLLOE) depending on its presumed aetiology and to determine their seizure and cognitive outcomes at 12 months.

Methods: In all, 146 newly diagnosed NLLOE patients, >50 years old, were prospectively included and categorized by four presumed aetiological subtypes: neurodegenerative subtype (patients with a diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease) (n = 31), microvascular subtype (patients with three or more cardiovascular risk factors and two or more vascular lesions on MRI) (n = 39), inflammatory subtype (patient meeting international criteria for encephalitis) (n = 9) and unlabelled subtype (all individuals who did not meet the criteria for other subtypes) (n = 67). Cognitive outcome was determined by comparing for each patient the proportion of preserved/altered scores between initial and second neuropsychological assessment.

Seizure Characteristics and EEG Features in Intoxication Type and Energy Deficiency Neurometabolic Disorders in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Single-Center Experience Over 10 Years.

Background: Acute metabolic crises in inborn errors of metabolism (such as urea cycle disorders, organic acidemia, maple syrup urine disease, and mitochondrial disorders) are neurological emergencies requiring management in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). There is a paucity of data pertaining to electroencephalograms (EEG) characteristics in this cohort. We hypothesized that the incidence of background abnormalities and seizures in this cohort would be high.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Causing a Seizure: An Assessment Simulation for Medical Students.

Audience: This simulation is intended for 4 year medical students.

Introduction: Headache is the fifth most common chief complaint in the emergency room, and the vast majority are ultimately diagnosed as benign primary headaches.1,2 However, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of several critical diagnoses which can present as a headache.

Refractory Status Epilepticus in a Patient With Aducanumab-Induced Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities.

Objective: To report a case of fatal super-refractory status epilepticus associated with amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA).

Methods: We describe the history, neuroimaging, EEG, and brain pathology findings of a 75-year-old patient with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease (homozygous ε4 apolipoprotein status) and a remote history of 3 asymptomatic ARIA episodes, who developed super-refractory status epilepticus related to severe ARIA.

Results: The patient was participating in an extended open-label trial of aducanumab when she was admitted to hospital for focal seizures and ARIA in 2 noncontiguous regions of the left frontal and occipital lobes.

Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA) syndrome: Relevant questions.

Objective: The aim of this article is to answer three relevant issues: i/What epileptic condition is referred to as subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA) syndrome; ii/ Why it can be important to distinguish SESA syndrome in clinical practice and iii/ What do we know about its pathophysiology.

Methods: We reviewed all cases published in the English language from the initial description of the syndrome to the present. All met the previously established criteria for SESA syndrome were included in our analysis.

as a manifestation of aquaporin-4 autoimmunity.

A 52-year-old man experienced two seizures in January and June 2021. In October, the neurological examination did not reveal sensory/motor deficits. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyperintense lesions with contrast enhancement (CE) involving white matter bilaterally, brainstem, and cerebellum.

Non-ketotic Hyperglycemia Presenting as Focal Status Epilepticus and Subsequent Todd's Paralysis.

Uncontrolled diabetes can result in many neurological and non-neurological complications. It's common for hypoglycemia to present as a seizure; however, in cases of hyperglycemia, especially in the absence of ketones, seizures are uncommon. Here, we present a case of a 75-year-old female with no prior history of epilepsy disorder presenting as focal status epilepticus complicated by Todd's paralysis.

Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA) syndrome.

Purpose: To describe four patients with subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA) syndrome and to review its clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG), neuroimaging and diagnostic criteria.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a series of prospectively collected patients who met the previously established criteria for SESA syndrome. Subsequently, we reviewed all cases published in the English language from the initial description to the present.

Frequency-dependent seizure-suppressing effects of optogenetic activation of septal inhibitory cells in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is characterized by recurring focal seizures that arise from limbic areas and are often refractory to pharmacological interventions. We have reported that optogenetic stimulation of PV-positive cells in the medial septum at 0.5 Hz exerts seizure-suppressive effects.

A systematic review of electroencephalographic findings in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of childhood onset epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple drug-resistant seizures, cognitive impairment, and diffuse slow spike and wave (SSW), and generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA) on electroencephalogram (EEG). Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was done to investigate EEG findings in LGS. PubMed and MEDLINE were systematically searched for English-language studies published until15th may 2023.

Electrical Status Epilepticus during Sleep in a Male Filipino with Rare Nonsense Mutation Variant of Sotos Syndrome on Carbamazepine Monotherapy.

Electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) is an electrographic pattern associated with specific genetic disorders, brain malformations, and use of some antiseizure medications. This case report aims to present the management of ESES in Sotos syndrome (SoS) on carbamazepine. A nine-year-old Filipino male with clinical features suggestive of overgrowth syndrome presented with febrile seizure at one year old.

Clinical and paraclinical features of first unprovoked seizures in the elderly.

Purpose: The prevalence of unprovoked seizures and epilepsy rises significantly in later life stages. This study examines various factors in elderly patients (over 65 years) with their first unprovoked seizures, comparing findings with younger patients.

Methods: We analyzed electronic medical records of individuals with first unprovoked seizures retrospectively.

A complex case with generalized epilepsy, probable focal seizures, and functional seizures.

In this patient, now 42 years old, genetic generalized epilepsy (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy) manifested itself at the age of 13. At the age of 39, she experienced a status episode with prolonged ICU treatment. She was left with a left-sided hippocampal sclerosis and probably focal seizures.

Neuroprotective potential of topiramate, pregabalin and lacosamide combination in a rat model of acute SE and intractable epilepsy: Perspectives from electroencephalographic, neurobehavioral and regional degenerative analysis.

The lithium-pilocarpine model is commonly used to recapitulate characteristics of human intractable focal epilepsy. In the current study, we explored the impact of topiramate (TPM) alone and in combination with pregabalin and lacosamide administration for 6 weeks on the evolution of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and disease-modifying potential on associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities. In addition, redox impairments and neurodegeneration in hippocampus regions vulnerable to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) were assessed by cresyl violet staining.

Incidence and Characteristics of Cerebellar Atrophy/Volume Loss in Children with Confirmed Diagnosis of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

The goal of our study was to determine the incidence of cerebellar atrophy, assess the imaging findings in the posterior fossa and determine the incidence of hippocampal sclerosis in a cohort of pediatric patients with confirmed tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). MRI studies of 98 TSC pediatric patients (mean age 7.67 years) were evaluated for cerebellar atrophy, cerebral/cerebellar tubers, white matter lesions, subependymal nodules, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, ventriculomegaly, and hippocampal sclerosis.

Clinical features of unilateral multilobar and hemispheric polymicrogyria (PMG)-related epilepsy and seizure outcome with different treatment options.

Objective: To provide evidence for choosing surgical or nonsurgical treatment for epilepsy in patients with unilateral multilobar and hemispheric polymicrogyria (PMG).

Methods: We searched published studies until September 2022 related to unilateral multilobar and hemispheric PMG and included patients who were followed up at the Pediatric Epilepsy Centre of Peking University First Hospital in the past 10 years. We summarized the clinical characteristics and compared the long-term outcomes after surgical or nonsurgical (anti-seizure medications, ASMs) treatment.

Case report: Naturally occurring neurogenic stunned myocardium in a dog secondary to status epilepticus.

A 4-year-old male neutered Boston Terrier was presented with status epilepticus. He was diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy and hospitalized with supportive care. During hospitalization, the patient developed both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias as well as focal left ventricular dyskinesis.