Acute Pancreatitis Caused by Tirzepatide.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, including tirzepatide (Mounjaro), are widely used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. While gastrointestinal side effects are common, acute pancreatitis remains a rare but significant complication. Limited evidence exists on the risks associated with switching between GLP-1 agonists, emphasizing the need for clinical awareness.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: State-of-the-science update and narrative review.

Objective: The long-recognized association of brain injury with increased risk of dementia has undergone significant refinement and more detailed study in recent decades. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a specific neurodegenerative tauopathy related to prior exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI). We aim to contextualize CTE within a historical perspective and among emerging data which highlights the scientific and conceptual evolution of CTE-related research in parallel with the broader field of neurodegenerative disease and dementia.

What Matters Most for Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy? A Best-Worst Scaling Discrete Choice Experiment.

Introduction: Florida remains a high-incidence, high-prevalence setting for HIV. Long-acting (LA) antiretroviral therapies (ART) could improve HIV-related outcomes and reduce transmission. This study identifies preferred LA ART characteristics and classes of preference among people with HIV (PWH) in Florida.

Associations of time to the operating room on outcomes in odontogenic infection.

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were correlations between the length of time from hospital admission to surgical intervention and the frequency of complications in patients with odontogenic infections. While odontogenic infection is well studied in terms of interventions and outcomes, less is known about hospital utilization and resource burden of odontogenic infection with respect to timeliness to intervention. A retrospective cohort analysis was used to examine correlations between time from admission to surgical intervention and clinical outcomes.

A climatically significant abiotic mechanism driving carbon loss and nitrogen limitation in peat bogs.

Sphagnum-dominated bogs are climatically impactful systems that exhibit two puzzling characteristics: CO:CH ratios are greater than those predicted by electron balance models and C decomposition rates are enigmatically slow. We hypothesized that Maillard reactions partially explain both phenomena by increasing apparent CO production via eliminative decarboxylation and sequestering bioavailable nitrogen (N). We tested this hypothesis using incubations of sterilized Maillard reactants, and live and sterilized bog peat.

Data from a multi-year targeted proteomics study of a longitudinal birth cohort of type 1 diabetes.

The deployment of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics experiments in a large cohort is sparse, leading to a lack of data available for benchmarking, method development or validation. Comprised of 6,426 plasma analyses, The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) proteomics validation study constitutes one of the largest targeted proteomics experiments in the literature to date. The proteomics data from this study were generated over the course of 2.

THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ASYMPTOMATIC AND SYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH CAROTID ARTERY STENOSIS.

Carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis is an important annual cause of stroke in the United States. Moreover, the incidence of carotid artery stenosis is significantly increasing due to the widespread popularity of high fat and high salt diets, sedentary lifestyles, and the increasing age of the population. Of major importance to cardiovascular specialists is the fact that individuals with atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis can have a prevalence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease as high as 50 to 75%.

N-Branched Tricyclic Guanidines as Novel Melanocortin-3 Receptor Agonists and Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonists.

The melanocortin receptors are a class of centrally and peripherally expressed G protein-coupled receptors, of which the MC3R and MC4R subtypes are implicated in the regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis and can serve as potential therapeutic targets for disorders such as obesity and cachexia. An unbiased high-throughput mixture-based library screen was implemented to identify novel ligands with an emphasis on the identification of nanomolar-potent agonists of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor. This screen yielded the discovery of an N-branched tricyclic guanidine scaffold (TPI2408) that contained three nanomolar potent mMC3R agonists and additional compounds that possessed antagonism for the mMC4R.

Connecting the dots: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and serrated polyps in the appendix.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) and serrated polyps (SPs) of the appendix, both characterized by KRAS mutations and overlapping morphologic features.

Methods: We analyzed 27 cases of LAMN and 24 cases of SP from archival records, reviewed pathology, and performed molecular analysis on select cases. Four cases initially diagnosed as LAMN were excluded for not meeting diagnostic criteria, and 1 SP case was reclassified as LAMN.

How Weight Bias and Stigma Undermine Healthcare Access and Utilization.

Purpose Of Review: To highlight recent evidence of the impact of weight bias and stigma on healthcare access and utilization.

Recent Findings: Healthcare access for patients with obesity is limited by weight-discriminatory policies such as body mass index cutoffs and weight loss requirements. These policies are based on flawed justifications without demonstrated medical benefits.

Impacts of Weather Anomalies and Climate on Plant Disease.

Predicting the effects of climate change on plant disease is critical for protecting ecosystems and food production. Here, we show how disease pressure responds to short-term weather, historical climate and weather anomalies by compiling a global database (4339 plant-disease populations) of disease prevalence in both agricultural and wild plant systems. We hypothesised that weather and climate would play a larger role in disease in wild versus agricultural plant populations, which the results supported.

Latent Trajectories of Change in Dietary Restriction During Treatment in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa.

Objective: Outcomes for low-weight restrictive eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), are sub-optimal. Reducing dietary restriction is a key treatment target. Understanding heterogeneity in patterns of change in dietary restriction may aid in improving outcomes.

Self-Diffusion of Star and Linear Polyelectrolytes in Salt-Free and Salt Solutions.

This work explored solution properties of linear and star poly(methacrylic acids) with four, six, and eight arms (PMAA, 4PMAA, PMAA, and 8PMAA, respectively) of matched molecular weights in a wide range of pH, salt, and polymer concentrations. Experimental measurements of self-diffusion were performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), and the results were interpreted using the scaling theory of polyelectrolyte solutions. While all PMAAs were pH sensitive and showed an increase in hydrodynamic radius ( ) with pH in the dilute regime, the of star polymers (measured at basic pH values) was significantly smaller for the star polyacids due to their more compact structure.

Associations between Driving Cessation and Mental Health among Rural and Urban Older Adults.

Driving cessation is robustly associated with poor mental health outcomes among older adults; however, the magnitude of this relationship may differ by rurality. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between driving cessation and life satisfaction and depressive symptoms and assessed whether these relationships were moderated by rurality. Data is from participants in the 2014 and 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (mean age = 73; 58% female) with information on either depressive symptoms (n=5,650) or life satisfaction (n=1,931).

Predictors of county-level diabetes-related mortality risks in Florida, USA: a retrospective ecological study.

Background: Diabetes is an increasingly important public health problem due to its socioeconomic impact, high morbidity, and mortality. Although there is evidence of increasing diabetes-related deaths over the last ten years, little is known about the population level predictors of diabetes-related mortality risks (DRMR) in Florida. Identifying these predictors is important for guiding control programs geared at reducing the diabetes burden and improving population health.

Greening the Urban Landscape: Assessing the Impact of Tree-Planting Initiatives and Climate Influences on Miami-Dade County's Greenness.

In urban settings, trees and greenery play a vital role in environmental well-being and community vitality. This study explores the impact of Miami-Dade County's tree-planting initiative on urban greenness and considers the influence of climate dynamics. Using Landsat data from 2006 to 2019, we find stable overall greenness, with 5.

Deleterious coding variation associated with autism is consistent across populations, as exemplified by admixed Latin American populations.

The past decade has seen remarkable progress in identifying genes that, when impacted by deleterious coding variation, confer high risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, and other developmental disorders. However, most underlying gene discovery efforts have focused on individuals of European ancestry, limiting insights into genetic risks across diverse populations. To help address this, the Genomics of Autism in Latin American Ancestries Consortium (GALA) was formed, presenting here the largest sequencing study of ASD in Latin American individuals (n>15,000).

Race and ethnic disparities in rehabilitation services and functional recovery post-stroke.

Objective: To identify race/ethnic disparities in rehabilitation services after stroke and characterize the independent associations of each of race/ethnicity and rehabilitation to functional recovery post-stroke.

Methods: The Transitions of Care Stroke Disparities Study (TCSD-S) is a prospective cohort study designed to reduce disparities and to optimize the transitions of care for stroke survivors throughout the state of Florida. Participant characteristics were extracted from the American Heart Association's Get-With-The-Guidelines-Stroke dataset.

Corrigendum: Cipaglucosidase alfa plus miglustat: linking mechanism of action to clinical outcomes in late-onset Pompe disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.

Effectiveness of a 5-day adapted swim instruction program for children with disabilities.

Background: Drowning is a leading cause of death for children. Some populations of children with disabilities, such as children with autism, experience a health disparity in drowning when compared to peers without disabilities.

Objective: This study presents a secondary data analysis of the response to intervention for a 5-day adapted swim instruction program (iCan Swim) for children with disabilities ( = 164 participants) ages 3-18 years.

Acute effects of Nordic hamstring exercise on ultrasound shear wave elastography.

Aim: The Nordic hamstring curl appears effective in reducing the incidence of injury in physically active young adults, likely through its capacity as an eccentric exercise to increase muscle stiffness. Although eccentric exercises have been shown to increase muscle stiffness, medium- and long-term Nordic hamstring curl training programs have not demonstrated an effect on muscle stiffness. This study examined the acute effects of a single session of Nordic hamstring curls on the stiffness of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles using ultrasound shear wave elastography, an accepted method for measuring passive muscle stiffness.

EPISeg: Automated segmentation of the spinal cord on echo planar images using open-access multi-center data.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the spinal cord is relevant for studying sensation, movement, and autonomic function. Preprocessing of spinal cord fMRI data involves segmentation of the spinal cord on gradient-echo echo planar imaging (EPI) images. Current automated segmentation methods do not work well on these data, due to the low spatial resolution, susceptibility artifacts causing distortions and signal drop-out, ghosting, and motion-related artifacts.

Optimizing the Efficacy of Vaccine-Induced Immunotherapy in Melanomas.

Cancer therapeutic vaccines are used to strengthen a patient's own immune system by amplifying existing immune responses. Intralesional administration of the bacteria-based emm55 vaccine together with the PD1 checkpoint inhibitor produced a strong anti-tumor effect against the B16 melanoma murine model. However, it is not trivial to design an optimal order and frequency of injections for combination therapies.

Absolute measurement of fast and slow neuronal signals with fluorescence lifetime photometry at high temporal resolution.

The concentrations of extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules, such as dopamine and cAMP, change over both fast and slow timescales and impact downstream pathways in a cell-type specific manner. Fluorescence sensors currently used to monitor such signals are typically optimized to detect fast, relative changes in concentration of the target molecule. They are less well suited to detect slowly-changing signals and rarely provide absolute measurements of either fast and slow signaling components.

Discovery of PRMT5 N-Terminal TIM Barrel Ligands from Machine-Learning-Based Virtual Screening.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which symmetrically dimethylates cytosolic and nuclear proteins, has been demonstrated as an important cancer therapeutic target. In recent years, many advanced achievements in PRMT5 inhibitor development have been made. Most PRMT5 inhibitors in the clinical trial focus on targeting the C-terminal catalytic domain, whereas developing small molecules to interrupt the PRMT5/pICLn (methylosome subunit) protein-protein interface is also of great importance for inhibiting PRMT5.