Enhancing Ophthalmic Care: The Transformative Potential of Digital Twins in Healthcare.

This literature review explores the emerging role of digital twin (DT) technology in ophthalmology, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize personalized medicine. DTs integrate diverse data sources, including genetic, environmental, and real-time patient data, to create dynamic, predictive models that enhance risk assessment, surgical planning, and postoperative care. The review highlights vital case studies demonstrating the application of DTs in improving the early detection and management of diseases such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.

Bridging the gap: A scoping review of endovascular and microsurgical approaches to anterior ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Introduction: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) are abnormal anastomoses between meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses. Typically, dAVF treatment involves an endovascular or microsurgical approach. Anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) dAVFs pose unique challenges due to their anatomy and location.

Intramedullary Nail Failure in a Subtrochanteric Fracture in a 62-Year-Old Woman.

Subtrochanteric fractures in older patients are typically due to low-energy falls. The standard of care is intramedullary nailing. The Smith & Nephew Trigen Intertan (Memphis, TN, US) is an intramedullary nail with a novel design that incorporates two integrated compression screws.

Differentiating Cystic Lesions in the Sellar Region of the Brain Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Early Diagnosis: A Prospective Review of the Novel Diagnostic Modalities.

This paper investigates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to enhance the differentiation of cystic lesions in the sellar region, such as pituitary adenomas, Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) and craniopharyngiomas (CP), through the use of advanced neuroimaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The goal is to explore how AI-driven models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), deep learning, and ensemble methods, can overcome the limitations of traditional diagnostic approaches, providing more accurate and early differentiation of these lesions. The review incorporates findings from critical studies, such as using the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) dataset (Kaggle, San Francisco, USA) for MRI-based brain research, highlighting the significance of statistical rigor and automated segmentation in developing reliable AI models.

Comparing the Artificial Intelligence Detection Models to Standard Diagnostic Methods and Alternative Models in Identifying Alzheimer's Disease in At-Risk or Early Symptomatic Individuals: A Scoping Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative illnesses place a heavy strain on the world's healthcare systems, particularly among the aging population. With a focus on research from January 2022 to September 2023, this scoping review, which adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-Scr) criteria, examines the changing landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for early AD detection and diagnosis. Forty-four carefully chosen articles were selected from a pool of 2,966 articles for the qualitative synthesis.

Updated Geriatrics Competencies for Graduating Medical Students: Training Physicians to Provide Age-Friendly Care.

Purpose: Medical student education in geriatrics is a critical need for every doctor-in-training as the population ages, with fewer than 7,000 geriatricians, and older patients, who now approach 20% of the U.S. population, having unique health care needs.

Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0 on StatPearls Oculoplastic Surgery Text- and Image-Based Exam Questions.

Introduction: The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has led to significant interest in their potential use as medical assistive tools. Prior investigations have analyzed the overall comparative performance of LLM versions within different ophthalmology subspecialties. However, limited investigations have characterized LLM performance on image-based questions, a recent advance in LLM capabilities.

Comparison of Gemini Advanced and ChatGPT 4.0's Performances on the Ophthalmology Resident Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) Examination Review Question Banks.

Background With advancements in natural language processing, tools such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (ChatGPT) version 4.0 and Google Bard's Gemini Advanced are being increasingly evaluated for their potential in various medical applications. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the performance of these language learning models (LLMs) on both image and non-image-based questions within the specialized field of Ophthalmology.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Regarding Medical Cannabis Among Patients and Providers in Florida's Long-Term Care Facilities.

Objectives: Medical cannabis (MC) has been found effective in treating multiple symptoms commonly experienced by older adults; however, residents in long-term care (LTC) often lack access to MC products. This study seeks to identify patterns and barriers to recommending MC to patients and to explore the knowledge and attitudes toward MC use among patients and providers.

Methods: The quantitative portion of this study employed a survey to assess the knowledge of, attitudes toward, and barriers to MC among 126 providers in Florida LTC.

Social-Emotional Development in the Summer Art Camp Setting.

Introduction  Social-emotional development refers to the development of one's abilities to understand, regulate, and express emotions and to establish and maintain successful relationships with peers and adults. Education in the arts has been shown to promote learning these skills, but the relationship between social-emotional development and summer art camp has not been explored. Methods The objective of this study is to determine the potential for social-emotional development in a community-based art day camp.

Atypical Cutaneous Manifestation of Mycosis Fungoides: A Case Report.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that is characterized by atypical CD4+ T-cell aggregates in the epidermis. It is typically divided into three clinical phases, which consist of the patches, plaques, and tumor stages. There have been atypical manifestations of MF described in the literature, and it is hypothesized that the skin microbiota plays a role in the skin phenotype of MF patients.

Testicular Torsion as a Complication Following Preperitoneal Packing for Pelvic Fractures in a Motorcycle Accident: A Case Report.

This case report highlights a rare but significant complication of blunt trauma requiring preperitoneal packing and illustrates the intricate relationship between trauma surgery and urological emergencies. Testicular torsion is an acute urological emergency necessitating prompt surgical intervention to salvage testicular function. While commonly associated with intrinsic factors such as the "bell-clapper" deformity, extrinsic factors such as trauma and postoperative complications can also precipitate this condition.

Chromosomal 1p Duplication in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.

Chromosomal 1p duplications are a rarity, with minimal literature on the topic. As a result, it is useful to document patient presentations with this defect to help guide the management and treatment of future patients with this genetic abnormality. We present a successful case report of a patient with a chromosome 1p31.

Examining the Prevalence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries on Artificial Turf Surfaces Compared to Natural Grass Surfaces in Athletes: A Scoping Review.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly injured in sports such as American football and soccer. It is currently unknown if ACL injuries are more prevalent on natural grass or artificial turf fields. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyze research studies evaluating the effect of the playing surface on the prevalence of ACL injuries.

Alcohol use is associated with intracranial hemorrhage in older emergency department head trauma patients.

Objectives: Falls are common in adults aged 65 years and older and are the leading cause of traumatic brain injuries in this age group. Alcohol use may increase the risk of falls as well as the severity of resultant injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the association between self-reported alcohol use and the prevalence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in this patient group.

The Use of Amiloride and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Cisplatin-Induced Hypomagnesemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Cisplatin, a chemotherapy agent widely used since its FDA approval in 1978 for testicular cancer, is associated with nephrotoxicity and hypomagnesemia. Magnesium supplementation is not only a treatment for hypomagnesemia but also a well-established agent in preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN). Considering the challenges associated with intravenous magnesium use and even with the supplementation of oral forms, there is a need for drugs that effectively reduce urinary magnesium excretion.

Challenges and Implications for Substance Use and Mental Healthcare Among Under-Resourced Women in the COVID-19 Era.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated disparities in mental healthcare and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment access, especially in under-resourced communities. This study aimed to comprehend the experiences of under-resourced women with SUD during the pandemic, their knowledge and attitudes toward it, and its impact on substance use and treatment access.

Methods: A cross-sectional study included 66 under-resourced women receiving medically managed withdrawal treatment at a community residential SUD center.

The association of non-severe COVID-19 infection and progression to frailty among robust older veterans.

Background: Studies have shown that frailty was increased in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, it is not clear whether non-severe COVID-19 increases the risk for pre-frailty and frailty development. Our study aimed to determine the risk of developing frailty and pre-frailty in robust veterans who contracted non-severe COVID-19.

Correction to: Successful Endoscopic Retrograde Appendicitis Therapy Following a Recent ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001324.

Managing cow's milk protein allergy during the 2022 formula shortage: decision-making among pediatric healthcare providers.

Introduction: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) affects 2%-7% of infants and is managed with hypoallergenic formulas. The 2022 recalls of infant formulas due to factors including contamination led to specialty formula shortages, highlighting CMPA management challenges. Understanding healthcare providers' (HCPs) decision-making in transitioning to alternative formulas during shortages is crucial.