Maternal characteristics are associated with human milk anti-inflammatory proteins in two populations.

Milk anti-inflammatory compounds are ubiquitous in milk but vary greatly within and between populations. The causes of this variation and how this variation impacts infant phenotype is not well-characterized. The goal of this study was to explain how maternal characteristics across two disparate populations impact the levels of TGF-β2 and IL-1ra in human milk.

The eSAH score: a simple practical predictive model for SAH mortality and outcomes.

We developed a simple quantifiable scoring system that predicts aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) mortality, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and modified Rankin scale (mRS) outcomes using readily available SAH admission data with SAH volume (SAHV) measured on computed tomography (CT). We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 277 patients with aSAH admitted at our Comprehensive Stroke Center at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, between January 5, 2012, and February 24, 2022. We developed a mathematical radiographic model SAHV that measures basal cisternal SAH blood volume using a derivation of the ABC/2 ellipsoid formula (A = width/thickness, B = length, C = vertical extension) on noncontrast CT, which we previously demonstrated is comparable to pixel-based manual segmentation on noncontrast CT.

Development and characterization of fluorescent cholesteryl probes with enhanced solvatochromic and pH-sensitive properties for live-cell imaging.

We present novel fluorescent cholesteryl probes (CNDs) with a modular design based on the solvatochromic 1,8-phthalimide scaffold. We have explored how different modules-linkers and head groups-affect the ability of these probes to integrate into lipid membranes and how they distribute intracellularly in mouse astrocytes and fibroblasts targeting lysosomes and lipid droplets. Each compound was assessed for its solvatochromic behavior in organic solvents and model membranes.

Rhizobacteria and Phytohormonal interactions increase Drought Tolerance in Phaseolus vulgaris through enhanced physiological and biochemical efficiency.

The cultivation of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in semi-arid regions is affected by drought. To explore potential alleviation strategies, we investigated the impact of inoculation with Bacillus velezensis, and the application of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) via foliage application (FA), which promote plant growth and enhance stress tolerance.

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models using semantic knowledge tuning.

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining significant popularity in recent years for specialized tasks using prompts due to their low computational cost. Standard methods like prefix tuning utilize special, modifiable tokens that lack semantic meaning and require extensive training for best performance, often falling short. In this context, we propose a novel method called Semantic Knowledge Tuning (SK-Tuning) for prompt and prefix tuning that employs meaningful words instead of random tokens.

Fourier analysis of signal dependent noise images.

An archetype signal dependent noise (SDN) model is a component used in analyzing images or signals acquired from different technologies. This model-component may share properties with stationary normal white noise (WN). Measurements from WN images were used as standards for making comparisons with SDN in both the image domain (ID) and Fourier domain (FD).

Nitazoxanide controls virus viability through its impact on membrane bioenergetics.

Viruses are dependent on cellular energy metabolism for their replication, and the drug nitazoxanide (Alinia) was shown to interfere with both processes. Nitazoxanide is an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Our hypothesis was that mitochondrial uncoupling underlies the antiviral effects of nitazoxanide.

Nonlinear coupling of closely spaced modes in atomically thin MoS nanoelectromechanical resonators.

Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) incorporating atomic or molecular layer van der Waals materials can support multimode resonances and exotic nonlinear dynamics. Here we investigate nonlinear coupling of closely spaced modes in a bilayer (2L) molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanoelectromechanical resonator. We model the response from a drumhead resonator using equations of two resonant modes with a dispersive coupling term to describe the vibration induced frequency shifts that result from the induced change in tension.

Impact of same-day sleeve gastrectomy surgery on postoperative emergency department visits: analysis from the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative.

Background: Same-day discharge after sleeve gastrectomy (SDDSG) is being performed in select patient populations with increased regularity since 2020.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of SDDSG on emergency department (ED) visits.

Setting: Academic and private practice bariatric surgery programs participating in a statewide quality improvement collaborative.

A Retrospective Study of Outcomes in a Rural Pediatric Population Treated for Venous Insufficiency.

Background: Endovascular radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and Endovascular Laser Ablation (EVLA) are minimally invasive methods to safely treat symptomatic varicose veins in pediatric patients. This research aimed to review the management of pediatric patients with venous insufficiency, evaluate the outcome, and determine the efficacy, convenience, and safety of ablation procedures in an outpatient setting.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients seen at six locations from 2013 to 2024 was completed.

Optimizing Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma Biopsy Acquisition: A Children's Oncology Group Bone Tumor Committee Consensus Statement.

Trends in diagnostic biopsy sample collection approaches for primary bone sarcomas have shifted in the past 2 decades. Although open/incisional biopsies used to be the predominant approach to obtain diagnostic material for Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, image-guided core needle biopsies have increased in frequency and are safe for patients. These procedures are less invasive and reduce recovery times but have potential limitations.

Recommendations to reduce and prevent negative health outcomes and healthcare costs among night shift nurses: An AAN consensus paper.

A growing body of evidence demonstrates occupational night shift hazards. Decades of research point to health risks for nurses contributing to chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cognitive/mental health, and cancers-all associated with earlier mortality. Patient safety, recruitment and retention of quality nursing workforce, and related costs are important concerns associated with night shift work.

The HET (history, electrocardiogram, and troponin) score has low efficacy and negative predictive value in a multisite U.S. cohort study.

Introduction: The History, Electrocardiogram, and Troponin (HET) score is a simplified alternative to the HEART score for risk stratifying emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the HET score for 30-day cardiac death or myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the STOP-CP multisite cohort study.

Poorer longitudinal growth among HIV exposed compared to unexposed infants in Kenya.

Background: Most infants born to women living with HIV (WLH) are HIV-exposed but uninfected exposed infants have poorer growth than HIV-unexposed uninfected children. Few large studies have compared children who are exposed (CHEU) and unexposed (CHUU) in the era of dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART).

Setting: Longitudinal study of mother-infant CHEU and CHUU pairs in Nairobi and Western Kenya.

Fibro-osseous lesions of the sinonasal tract: a contemporary review.

Purpose Of Review: Fibro-osseous lesions (FOL) are benign, slow-growing lesions that are often incidentally discovered in the sinonasal cavity. They may necessitate surgical resection in patients with postobstructive sinusitis, or in cases of cranial nerve and orbital compression. We examine the recent advancements in otolaryngology relating to diagnostic characteristics and treatments for FOL, with emphasis on new technologies to improve outcomes and reduce recurrence.

More Than Body Parts: A New Ethos of Anatomy Education.

A new ethos of anatomy education goes beyond the learning of body parts in the traditional curriculum. In the traditional curriculum, the focus of only providing information on the structure of the human body left certain learning opportunities overlooked, marginalized, or dismissed as irrelevant; thus, opportunities to foster and shape professional attributes in health care learners were lost. Furthermore, changes in curricula structures and reductions in anatomy teaching hours have necessitated a transformation in how anatomy education is perceived and delivered.

BCMA-directed CAR T-cell Therapy in patients with multiple myeloma and CNS involvement.

We investigated BCMA-directed CART in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and CNS involvement. Ten patients who received either ide-cel (n=6) or cilta-cel (n=4) were included in this analysis. Patients had brain/cranial nerve and/or spinal cord involvement/leptomeningeal disease evident on either MRI (100%) and/or CSF (40%).

Assembly of Pyrenes through a Quadruple Photochemical Cascade: Blocking Groups Allow Diversion from the Double Mallory Path to Photocyclization at the Bay Region.

We present a six-step cascade that converts 1,3-distyrylbenzenes (-stilbenes) into nonsymmetric pyrenes in 40-60% yields. This sequence merges photochemical steps, ,-alkene isomerization, a 6π photochemical electrocyclization (Mallory photocyclization); the new bay region cyclization, with two radical iodine-mediated aromatization steps; and an optional aryl migration. This work illustrates how the inherent challenges of engineering excited state reactivity can be addressed by logical design.

Deep Proteome Coverage of Microglia Using a Streamlined Data-Independent Acquisition-Based Proteomic Workflow: Method Consideration for a Phenotypically Diverse Cell Type.

As the primary innate immune cells of the brain, microglia play a key role in various homeostatic and disease-related processes. To carry out their numerous functions, microglia adopt a wide range of phenotypic states. The proteomic landscape represents a more accurate molecular representation of these phenotypes; however, microglia present unique challenges for proteomic analysis.

Objectively-Measured Sedentary Time and Self-Reported Prescription Medication Use Among Adults: A Pilot Study.

While previous research has linked physical activity (PA) with lower prescription medication consumption, limited evidence has investigated sedentary time (ST) as a major contributor to medication use, despite ST's known association with chronic disease and mortality risk, even when PA volume is considered. This study aimed to examine the independent associations between objectively measured ST, patterns of sedentary bouts, and self-reported prescription medication use among adults ≥25 years of age. Thirty-two participants reported the number and type of medications they were currently prescribed and wore an accelerometer continuously on their hip for seven days to detect their ST.

Mechanisms of Neurosyphilis-Induced Dementia: Insights into Pathophysiology.

Neurosyphilis-induced dementia represents a severe manifestation of tertiary syphilis, characterized by cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments. This condition arises from the progression of syphilis to the central nervous system, where the spirochete causes damage through invasion, chronic inflammation, and neurodegeneration. The pathophysiology involves chronic inflammatory responses, direct bacterial damage, and proteinopathies.