Single GAF domain phytochrome exhibits a pH-dependent shunt on the millisecond timescale.

The light-sensing activity of phytochromes is based on the reversible light-induced switching between two isomerization states of the bilin chromophore. These photo-transformations may not necessarily be only unidirectional, but could potentially branch back to the initial ground state in a thermally driven process termed shunt. Such shunts have been rarely reported, and thus our understanding of this process and its governing factors are limited.

The investigation of early metabolic level perturbation of northern quahog () in response to brevetoxin.

Brevetoxins are a type of neurotoxin produced in red tide blooms. Northern quahogs () are extensively used in commercial aquaculture farming, and early-stage metabolomics studies can provide early warnings of brevetoxins for farmers. In this study, NMR-based metabolomics was performed to investigate the response of clam gills and digestive glands under a series of sublethal doses of brevetoxins.

Early Diagnosis of Candidemia in the Intensive Care Unit by Clinical and Molecular Methods: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objective: Early diagnosis and treatment of candidemia in intensive care units (ICUs) remain a significant challenge globally because of the lack of well-established non-culture-based diagnostic methods. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors in critically ill ICU patients, develop a unique score, and create a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the early diagnosis of candidemia.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in three phases: 1) Retrospective analysis of 100 ICU patients from İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa between January 2017 and December 2018 to identify risk factors for invasive candidiasis, 2) development of Cerrahpaşa score based on these findings, and 3) prospective evaluation of 75 ICU patients, applying the newly created Cerrahpaşa score and implementing a rapid PCR-based test on whole blood samples.

Neuroinflammation at the Gray-White Matter Interface in Active-Duty U.S. Special Operations Forces.

Emerging evidence from autopsy studies indicates that interface astroglial scarring (IAS) at the gray-white matter junction is a pathological signature of repeated blast brain injury in military personnel. However, there is currently no neuroimaging test that detects IAS, which is a major barrier to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. In 27 active-duty U.

Cognitive aspects of motor control deteriorate while off treatment following subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation surgery in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: The long-term effects of surgery for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on cognitive aspects of motor control for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are largely unknown. We compared saccade latency and reach reaction time (RT) pre- and post-surgery while participants with PD were off-treatment.

Methods: In this preliminary study, we assessed people with PD approximately 1 month pre-surgery while OFF medication (OFF-MEDS) and about 8 months post-surgery while OFF medication and STN-DBS treatment (OFF-MEDS/OFF-DBS).

Closed trans-intersphincteric fistulotomy: a new modified sphincter-sparing technique for high transsphincteric anal fistula.

Background: The main goals of surgery for fistula-in-ano are to completely resolve the condition and maintain optimal anal function. Effective management of the internal opening during and proper postoperative drainage of the intersphincter plane are crucial for achieving successful outcomes. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of a novel sphincter-sparing technique for treating high transsphincteric anal fistula (HTAF).

Predictors of Technology Use: Evidence from Elite Older Adults.

Few studies have examined older, elite users of digital technology use. To address this gap, we examined predictors of novel technology use among this group. As hypothesized, several markers of successful aging predicted greater technology use in older elite users, including higher levels of cognition, socioeconomics, and self-efficacy.

Comparing outcomes of Aquablation versus holmium laser enucleation of prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Water Jet Ablation Therapy (WJAT) and Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) represent two common surgical treatments for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Despite their increasing use, there is no study between these two methods. We aim to evaluate their efficacy and safety through a network meta-analysis (NMA), providing critical insights for clinical decision-making in the management of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to BPH.

Accuracy of warm ischemia time measurement using a surgical intelligence software in partial nephrectomies: A validation study.

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to compare the accuracy of warm ischemia times (WITs) derived by a surgical artificial intelligence (AI) software to those documented in surgeon operative reports during partial nephrectomy procedures and to assess the potential of this technology in evaluating postoperative renal function.

Patients And Methods: A surgical AI software (Theator Inc., Palo Alto, CA) was used to capture and analyse videos of partial nephrectomies performed between October 2023 and April 2024.

Assessing the Current State of USA-Based Disaster Medicine Fellowships.

Objectives: This study aimed to understand the current landscape of USA-based disaster medicine (DM) programs through the lens of alumni and program directors (PDs). The data obtained from this study will provide valuable information to future learners as they ponder careers in disaster medicine and allow PDs to refine curricular offerings.

Methods: Two separate surveys were sent to USA-based DM program directors and alumni.

Simulations of Overhead Irrigation in a Greenhouse Setting Reveal the Potential for Splash Dispersal of Microconidia.

Management of Fusarium wilt of Watermelon, caused by the fungus f. sp. , or Fon, requires pathogen monitoring in watermelon production systems.

Streamlining Global Germplasm Exchange: Integrating Scientific Rigor and Common Sense to Exclude Phantom Agents from Regulation.

This collaborative work by over 180 researchers from 40+ countries addresses the challenges posed by "phantom agents"-putative pathogenic agents named in literature without supporting data on their existence. Those agents remain on regulatory lists, creating barriers in trade and plant certification. Historically identified based solely on symptoms, these agents lack isolates or sequence data, making reliable detection or risk assessment impossible.

Lost Prevention? Assessing Secondary and Tertiary Prevention Potential in Sexual Assault Awareness Month Events.

During Sexual Assault Awareness Month (SAAM), nonprofits place heavy value on delivering events, often with little evidence of their value to tertiary, secondary, and primary prevention. This multiple case design employed ethnographic methods to assess five SAAM events and the logic by which they contribute to prevention. Articulated through a pairing of communication and planned behavior theories, the findings indicated that events were mainly deployed in service of today's survivors, almost as an extension of intervention programming.

A Target Responsive Metal Organic Framework Derived Bimetallic Apta-Switch for Reagentless Molecular Recognition.

By integrating iron-cobalt squarate bimetallic metal-organic framework (Fe-Co-SqBMoF) based smart material (SM) with functional DNA (fDNA), we designed a target responsive fDNA@Fe-Co-SqBMoF bioelectrode that exhibits recognition induced switchable response to serve as a reagentless single step electrochemical apta-switch (REA). The construct takes advantage of fDNA ability to bind and concentrate target on the receptor interface, while Fe-Co-SqBMoF@SM multifeatures to serve as an immobilization matrix and a signal generating electrochemical switch. Fe-Co-SqBMoF was introduced to prepare a redox active pencil graphite electrode (PGE), while fDNA (aptamer) was decorated on the receptor PGE to impart specificity and selectivity.

Comparison of umbilical artery pulsatility index reference ranges.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of four published reference standards for the umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) in predicting small-for-gestational age (SGA), adverse neonatal outcomes and obstetric complications in pregnancies at risk for fetal growth restriction.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective study of singleton pregnancies that underwent fetal growth assessment by ultrasound between 26 and 36 weeks' gestation. Pregnancies with estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference < 20 percentile with UA-PI measurements available were included.

Operating principles of interconnected feedback loops driving cell fate transitions.

Interconnected feedback loops are prevalent across biological mechanisms, including cell fate transitions enabled by epigenetic mechanisms in carcinomas. However, the operating principles of these networks remain largely unexplored. Here, we identify numerous interconnected feedback loops implicated in cell lineage decisions, which we discover to be the hallmarks of lower- and higher-dimensional state space.

Ferritin-based hybrid macromolecules experience unusual shift of stoichiometry distribution.

Ferritin-based hybrids are large 24-subunit macromolecules of megadalton scale have prospective applications ranging from drug delivery to recombinant vaccines, however, their rational design is challenging. Here, we architectured hybrids based on ferritin subunits from Helicobacter pylori and ones fused with a homolog of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier protein. We firstly revealed the stochastic nature of bacterial ferritin-based hybrids self-assembly by observing a sequential range of stoichiometries at totally different sample preparation procedures: coexpression in Escherichia coli cells and pH-dependent dis/reassembly.

Repeated non-hemorrhagic and non-contusional mild traumatic brain injury in rats elicits behavioral impairment with microglial activation, astrogliosis, and tauopathy: Reproducible and quantitative model of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has attracted attention due to sports-related head trauma or repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, the pathology of CTE remains underexplored. Reproducible and quantitative model of CTE has yet to be established.

hnRNPLL regulates MYOF alternative splicing and correlates with early metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly cancer known for its high rate of early metastasis, necessitating the discovery of the underlying mechanisms. Herein, we report that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNPLL) expression significantly increases at the invasion forefront in PDAC and is associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. Our findings revealed that hnRNPLL knockdown resulted in extensive exon skipping (ES) events.

Association of residency application data with subsequent general surgery residency graduate performance.

Background: When selecting surgical residents, programs emphasize quantifiable data from the Electronic Residency Application Service application. However, it is unclear whether Electronic Residency Application Service data are associated with future resident performance or any of the qualities (surgical judgment, leadership, and medical knowledge) that our group has identified as being predictive of graduate performance. Our objective was to determine whether residency application variables are associated with subsequent residency graduate performance as rated by surgical educators.

Predictors, Trends, and Outcomes of Parathyroid Autotransplantation in Pediatric Total Thyroidectomy.

Introduction: Assess temporal utilization trends, identify predictors, and compare early postoperative outcomes of parathyroid autotransplantation (PTAT) in pediatric total thyroidectomy (TT) patients.

Methods: Patients <18 y undergoing TT between 2015 and 2021 were obtained from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database. Characteristics and outcomes were described and stratified by extent of node dissection.

Assessing molecular changes underlying isopropylated phenyl phosphate (IPP)-induced larval sensorimotor response deficits in zebrafish.

Isopropylated phenyl phosphates (IPP) are an additive organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) that has been extensively used in furniture, electronics, automobiles, plastics, and children's products to slow down the spread of fire but its continued leaching leads to toxicity concerns. Toxicological information on this important legacy contaminant is limiting. Using zebrafish, our prior whole embryonic RNA-seq data revealed disruption of gene sets enriched for DNA methylation, neurotransmitter synthesis, retinoic acid signaling and eye development.

Can we realize seamless traffic safety at smart intersections by predicting and preventing impending crashes?

Intersections are frequently identified as crash hotspots for roadways in major cities, leading to significant human casualties. We propose crash likelihood prediction as an effective strategy to proactively prevent intersection crashes. So far, no reliable models have been developed for intersections that effectively account for the variation in crash types and the cyclical nature of Signal Phasing and Timing (SPaT) and traffic flow.

Geospatial Analysis of Multilevel Socioenvironmental Factors Impacting the Campylobacter Burden among Infants in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: A One Health Perspective.

Increasing attention has focused on health outcomes of Campylobacter infections among children younger than 5 years in low-resource settings. Recent evidence suggests that colonization by Campylobacter species contributes to environmental enteric dysfunction, malnutrition, and growth faltering in young children. Campylobacter species are zoonotic, and factors from humans, animals, and the environment are involved in transmission.