Leveraging Large Language Models in Radiology Research: A Comprehensive User Guide.

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have been increasingly integrated into radiology research, revolutionizing the research landscape. The Radiology Research Alliance (RRA) of the Association for Academic Radiology (AAR) has convened a Task Force to develop this guide to help radiology researchers responsibly adopt LLM technologies. LLMs can improve various phases of the research process by helping to automate literature reviews, generate research questions, analyze complex datasets, and draft manuscripts.

Cannabis use before and after metabolic and bariatric surgery: literature review.

As accessibility and legalization of cannabis rise throughout the United States (US), programs have sought guidance about whether its use should be considered a contraindication or, if not a contraindication, what recommendations patients should receive regarding appropriate use before and after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). In this review, medical, nutritional, pharmacological, and psychological considerations are presented by a multidisciplinary group of members of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS). Research suggests several risks associated with long-term cannabis use in the general population, but research in the MBS population, specifically, is limited.

Approach to Patients with Metal Allergies in Foot and Ankle Surgery.

Metal allergies in surgery are often underreported and under diagnosed. Oftentimes, the symptoms of metal allergy closely resemble those of infection and the protocol is removal of the offending implant. Identification of metal allergies in the preoperative workup is imperative to provide the best patient care and outcomes.

The effect of antibiotic prophylaxis duration on infection rates and outcomes after head and neck reconstruction with bony free flaps and hardware.

Background: Although the literature supports a shorter course of 24 h of prophylaxis after head and neck free flap reconstruction, studies supporting this duration do not differentiate between flap types. There is a paucity of evidence on the optimal duration of prophylaxis for osteocutaneous free flaps with hardware, which may have higher rates of post-operative complications compared to other free flaps. This study aimed to examine the effect of different lengths of antibiotic prophylaxis on surgical site infection (SSI) rates after head and neck reconstruction with osteocutaneous free flaps and hardware.

Quantifying spatial inequities in traffic injury rates through the integration of urban road network measures and social vulnerability.

Mitigating traffic injury rate plays an essential role in sustainable urban development and is closely related to public health and human well-being. The inequity of traffic injury rate undermines equitable access to transportation infrastructure and poses a significant threat to the safety of residents during their commutes. Although previous studies have examined the association between socio-demographic characteristics and regional traffic crash risk, they seldom consider the spatial heterogeneity of the traffic injury rate inequity especially for the vulnerable groups.

Low-molecular weight organic acids can enhance the microbial reduction of iron oxide nanoparticles and pollutants by improving electrons transfer.

The combined application of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) and Fe(III) nanoparticles has garnered widespread interest in the contaminants transformation and removal. The efficiency of this composite system relies on the extracellular electron transfer (EET) process between DIRB and Fe(III) nanoparticles. While modifications to Fe(III) nanoparticles have demonstrated improvements in EET, enhancing DIRB activity also shows potential for further EET enhancement, meriting further investigation.

Incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective: Therapeutic interventions for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have increased greatly over the last decade but improvements outside of biomarker selected therapies have been limited. There remains a pressing need for more effective treatment options that can prolong survival and enhance the quality of life of patients with EOC. In contrast to the significant benefits of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) seen in many solid tumors, initial experience in EOC suggests limited efficacy of CPIs monotherapy.

Exosomes for Aesthetic Dermatology: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Update.

Background: Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles derived from various cell types and tissues that have many potential applications, generating great interest from researchers. One particularly intriguing application of exosomes is their use as a direct therapeutic for aesthetic indications. Several studies and case reports have explored the impact of exosomes for numerous cosmetic concerns but a consensus on the outcomes of these studies has not been established.

Guarding Drinking Water Safety against Harmful Algal Blooms: Could UV/Cl Treatment Be the Answer?

Frequent and severe occurrences of harmful algal blooms increasingly threaten human health by the release of microcystins (MCs). Urgent attention is directed toward managing MCs, as evidenced by rising HAB-related do not drink/do not boil advisories due to unsafe MC levels in drinking water. UV/chlorine treatment, in which UV light is applied simultaneously with chlorine, showed early promise for effectively degrading MC-LR to values below the World Health Organization's guideline limits.

Eugene Hertoghe (1860-1928): Pioneer in endocrinology and the treatment of hypothyroidism.

Eugène Hertoghe (1860-1928), a Belgian internist and former vice-president of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium, made significant contributions to the understanding and treatment of chronic hypothyroidism. He provided a detailed clinical description of the condition, emphasizing its multisystemic manifestations and hereditary aspects. Hertoghe also documented the therapeutic use of thyroid extract, reporting its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Percutaneous Nephrostomy in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Incidence, Risk Factors, Complications and Outcomes.

Ureteral stenosis is a frequent complication after kidney transplantation, causing significant morbidity and potential graft function impairment. Treatment options include conservative management, endourological procedures, surgical interventions and percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN). While PCN effectively relieves obstruction, it comes with its own complications.

The Importance and Psychometric Soundness of an Instrument to Measure Holistic Nursing in NP Care.

The Nurse Practitioner Holistic Caring Instrument (NPHCI) is a 19-item, investigator-developed instrument designed to measure holistic caring in nurse practitioner (NP) practice. This paper evaluates multi-sample psychometric testing of the instrument, describing data from three samples, with analysis supporting the NPHCI as a valid and reliable instrument. Methods: The NPHCI has been administered in patient, NP program faculty, and NP convenience samples.

RNA N4-acetylcytidine modification and its role in health and diseases.

N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification is a crucial RNA modification widely present in eukaryotic RNA. Previous studies have demonstrated that ac4C plays a pivotal role in viral infections. Despite numerous studies highlighting the strong correlation between ac4C modification and cancer progression, its detailed roles and molecular mechanisms in normal physiological processes and cancer progression remain incompletely understood.

When Essential Thrombocythemia Goes Triple-Negative: A Case of Acquired von Willebrand Disease.

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) disorder characterized by persistent thrombocytosis and characterized by frequent association with cellular genetic alterations. The 10%-15% of ET that is not associated with genetic abnormalities is known as triple-negative essential thrombocythemia (TNET). A common complication observed in around 20% of ET patients is the development of acquired von Willebrand disease (AvWD).

The role of mitochondria in aging, cell death, and tumor immunity.

Mitochondria are essential double-membrane organelles with intricate structures and diverse functions within cells. Under normal physiological conditions, mitochondria regulate cellular metabolism and maintain energy homeostasis via the electron transport chain, mediate stem cell fate, and modulate reactive oxygen species production, playing a pivotal role in energy supply and lifespan extension. However, mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to various pathological changes, including cellular aging, necrosis, dysregulated tumor immunity, and the initiation and progression of cancer.

Corrigendum to "Image-guided superficial radiation therapy has superior 2-year recurrence probability to Mohs micrographic surgery" [Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol. 43 (2023) 100678].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.

Comparison of two techniques to blind end jejunum and ileum for jejunocaecostomy in horses.

Background: Jejunocaecostomy (JC) is frequently required to bypass diseased ileum as a side-to-side (SS) anastomosis with blind end closure of the small intestine. The effects of the blind end closure method on the performance of the anastomosis have not been studied.

Objectives: To compare handsewn and stapled blind end closures of the ileum and jejunum.

L-type Calcium Channel Blockade Worsens Glucose Tolerance and β-Cell Function in C57BL6/J Mice Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia.

Intermittent hypoxemia (IH), a pathophysiologic consequence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), adversely affects insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance. Nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker frequently used for treatment of hypertension, can also impair insulin sensitivity and secretion. However, the cumulative and interactive repercussions of IH and nifedipine on glucose homeostasis have not been previously investigated.

First Report of Postharvest Fruit Rot on Passion Fruit () caused by in the U.S.A.

The commercial production of passion fruit is geographically limited (California, Florida, and Hawaii), but the development of cold-tolerant varieties could expand it beyond warm-climate states (Stafne et.al. 2023).

Behavioral intention to receive self-financed and fully-subsidized herpes zoster vaccines among community-living older adults in Hong Kong: A random telephone survey.

Herpes zoster (HZ) among older adults has consistently been a concern. Despite the availability of vaccines, HZ vaccination remains underutilized globally. This study investigated the behavioral intention of older adults in Hong Kong to receive self-financed or fully subsidized HZ vaccines.

Bag Technique: Best Practices for Managing the Home Care Bag.

Home care clinicians have transported equipment and supplies to their patients' homes for decades using a bag that's been referred to as a "nursing bag" or "medical bag," among others. Regardless of what the bag is called, how it and its contents are managed is essential to prevent the transmission of potentially pathogenic microorganisms from one patient's home to another when making home visits. Bag technique is a component of the standard precautions implemented in home care and an essential practice that applies to all patients receiving in-home care, regardless of their suspected or confirmed infectious state.

Multiparametric grading of glaucoma severity by histopathology can enable post-mortem substratification of disease state.

Neurodegeneration in glaucoma patients is clinically identified through longitudinal assessment of structure-function changes, including intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratios from fundus images, and optical coherence tomography imaging of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Use of human post-mortem ocular tissue for basic research is rising in the glaucoma field, yet there are challenges in assessing disease stage and severity, since tissue donations with informed consent are often unaccompanied by detailed pre-mortem clinical information. Further, the interpretation of disease severity based solely on anatomical and morphological assessments by histology can be affected by differences in death-to-preservation time and tissue processing.