The Implications of Oxygen Dependent Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Sac Growth and Mortality Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.

Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a known risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth and rupture. The impact of COPD on AAA sac behavior following endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the association between COPD and sac remodeling after EVAR.

Clinical significance of sleepiness: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement.

Alertness is a necessity for well-being and performance, and sleepiness is associated with cognitive and functional impairments that can have a negative impact on performance, health, mood, safety, and quality of life. In severe cases, sleepiness can lead to debilitation, injury, or death. Sleepiness is a marker of insufficient sleep and is the major patient-reported symptom associated with disorders of sleep and wakefulness such as narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea.

Gastric Cancer Screening in the United States: A Review of Current Evidence, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the United States, gastric cancer incidence and mortality are substantially higher among non-White racial and ethnic groups and new immigrants from high-incidence countries. This is in large part related to the higher prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric premalignant changes in these populations.

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Gastric Premalignant Conditions.

Gastric premalignant conditions (GPMC) are common and include atrophic gastritis, gastric intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and certain gastric epithelial polyps. GPMC have an increased risk of progression to gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric cancer (GC) in the United States represents an important cancer disparity because incidence rates are 2- to 13-fold greater in non-White individuals, particularly early-generation immigrants from regions of high GC incidence.

Diagnosis of Aspergillus Osteomyelitis of the Clivus and Sella Turcica in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes and a History of Prolonged Intranasal Corticosteroid Use.

A 69-year-old immunocompetent male with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presented with atypical left-sided headaches, diverging from his usual migraine pattern. Historically experiencing right-sided migraines, the patient's shift to left-sided headaches occurred after a month of using fluticasone for cold-like symptoms and potential mold exposure at home. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested the diagnosis of skull base osteomyelitis.

Proceedings of the 12th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: cutting edge technology meets novel applications.

The Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Think Tank XII was held on August 21st to 23rd. This year we showcased groundbreaking advancements in neuromodulation technology, focusing heavily on the novel uses of existing technology as well as next-generation technology. Our keynote speaker shared the vision of using neuro artificial intelligence to predict depression using brain electrophysiology.

Emergence of inflammatory fibroblasts with aging in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome associated pulmonary fibrosis.

The longitudinal cellular interactions that drive pulmonary fibrosis are not well understood. To investigate the disease underpinnings associated with fibrosis onset and progression, we generated a scRNA-seq atlas of lungs from young and aged mouse models of multiple subtypes of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a collection of rare autosomal recessive diseases associated with albinism, platelet dysfunction, and pulmonary fibrosis. We have identified an age-dependent increase in SAA3 inflammatory lung fibroblasts in HPS mice, including in double-mutant HPS1-2 mice which develop spontaneous fibrosis.

Bacteria invade the brain following intracortical microelectrode implantation, inducing gut-brain axis disruption and contributing to reduced microelectrode performance.

Brain-machine interface performance can be affected by neuroinflammatory responses due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage following intracortical microelectrode implantation. Recent findings suggest that certain gut bacterial constituents might enter the brain through damaged BBB. Therefore, we hypothesized that damage to the BBB caused by microelectrode implantation could facilitate microbiome entry into the brain.

Hemodynamics are associated with subsequent lumen remodeling and clinical maturation of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula.

The pathogenesis of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure is unclear. We evaluated the associations of wall shear stress (WSS) with subsequent AVF remodeling and clinical maturation using regression models in this prospective cohort study. Participants underwent duplex ultrasound at postoperative Day 1, Week 2, and Week 6 to measure AVF blood flow rate and diameter of the draining vein and proximal artery.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the small intestine and mesentery: A rare case report.

Introduction: Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare plasma cell disorder that can occasionally involve the gastrointestinal tract, though involvement of the small intestine and mesentery is very uncommon. Diagnosis is challenging as patient presentation is variable with pain, obstruction, or bleeding, and imaging cannot differentiate between other malignancies. Diagnosis is not achieved until histopathological analysis of the resected mass.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Hyperglycemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) could potentially improve management of hyperglycemia compared with standard point-of-care glucose monitoring for critically ill patients. However, there is limited evidence to support routine use of CGMs in the ICU.

Research Question: In critically ill patients with hyperglycemia, do CGMs improve time within target glucose range compared with standard of care?

Study Design And Methods: This was an investigator-initiated, single-center, parallel-group, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Fat embolism syndrome following cosmetic breast reduction liposuction.

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that is primarily associated with long bone fractures, although cases have been reported following soft tissue trauma and cosmetic surgeries such as liposuction. The diagnosis of FES relies on clinical features with no specific laboratory or imaging findings. We present a case of FES in an otherwise healthy man presenting to the emergency room for evaluation of tachycardia, hypoxia and drowsiness on postoperative day 1 following breast reduction liposuction.

Animal models of hormonal contraceptives: Understanding drug-specific and user-specific variables.

This manuscript reviews findings from the symposium "Hormonal Contraceptives and the Brain: A Focus on Rodent Models," presented at the 2024 meeting for Steroids and the Nervous System in Turin, Italy. Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) are widely used by over 300 million women globally, yet their neurobiological and behavioral impacts have only recently gained extensive research attention. This review emphasizes the importance of animal models in studying these effects due to the practical and ethical limitations of human studies.

Epidermal growth factor dampens pro-inflammatory gene expression induced by interferon-gamma in global transcriptome analysis of keratinocytes.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) are used to treat certain cancers but frequently cause cutaneous inflammation that can hinder treatment. This is due in part to the effects of EGFRIs on pro-inflammatory signaling by interferon-γ (IFN-γ). However, the impact of EGFR ligands (i.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacologic Management of Adults With Dyslipidemia.

Objective: To review the evidence and provide updated and new recommendations for the pharmacologic management of adults with dyslipidemia to prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes. These recommendations are intended for use by clinicians, health care team members, patients, caregivers, and other stakeholders.

Methods: This guideline was developed by a multidisciplinary task force of content experts and guideline methodologists based on systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials or cohort studies from database inception to November 7, 2023.

Comparison of Investigator-Reported and Centrally Adjudicated Heart Failure Outcomes in the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial.

Background: There is limited published information on outcome adjudication in heart failure (HF) trials, particularly in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Objectives: The study sought to compare investigator reports with clinical events committee (CEC) adjudication and assess the impact of the SCTI (Standardized Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials) criteria.

Methods: In the EMPEROR-Preserved (EMPagliflozin outcome tRial in Patients with chronic heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction) trial, we compared investigator reports with CEC for concordance, treatment effect on primary composite outcome events and components (first event primary heart failure hospitalization [HHF] or cardiovascular [CV] mortality), prognosis after first HHF, total HHF, and trial duration with and without SCTI criteria.

CORONIS symposium 2023: Scientific and clinical frontiers in ocular surface innervation.

The 5th CORONIS Symposium, held during the 2023 Congress of the European Association for Vision and Eye Research (EVER), highlighted the growing importance of ocular surface innervation in eye surface disorders. This article summarises the insights and perspectives shared during the symposium, which focused on the clinical relevance of ocular surface innervation, as well as on the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for ocular surface pathologies linked to disturbed sensory innervation. Through robust interdisciplinary collaborations, these developments hold great potential to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Trend of cardiovascular mortality among metastatic renal cell cancer patients in the US from 2005 to 2020.

Recent advances in treating advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with distant metastasis have significantly enhanced cancer-specific outcomes. However, these patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and events. This study aims to investigate the trend of incidence-based mortality specific to CVD in patients with metastatic RCC.

Comprehensive echocardiographic protocol for pigs with emphasis on diastolic function: advantages over MRI assessment.

Swine are increasingly used in cardiovascular research due to their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans, particularly for studying diastolic dysfunction. Although MRI offers excellent structural imaging, echocardiography provides superior real-time assessment of diastolic parameters. To address the lack of standardized methods and reduce variability across studies, we present a comprehensive guide for performing echocardiography in Yorkshire pigs, detailing anatomical considerations, equipment requirements, and technical approaches.

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV.

Background: Aging-related comorbidities are more common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to people without HIV. The gut microbiome may play a role in healthy aging; however, this relationship remains unexplored in the context of HIV.

Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool from 1409 women (69% with HIV; 2304 samples) and 990 men (54% with HIV; 1008 samples) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study.

Vancomycin AUC-Dosing Initiative at a Regional Antibiotic Stewardship Collaborative.

Background: Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) are multidisciplinary teams that optimize anti-infective use across health systems. The Veterans Health Administration mandates all facilities to implement ASPs and requires the development of ASP collaboratives in its regional Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISNs).

Observations: The Veterans Affairs Sunshine Healthcare Network (VISN 8) serves > 1.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Screening and Surveillance in Individuals at Increased Risk for Gastric Cancer in the United States: Expert Review.

Description: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of preventable cancer and mortality in certain US populations. The most impactful way to reduce GC mortality is via primary prevention, namely Helicobacter pylori eradication, and secondary prevention, namely endoscopic screening and surveillance of precancerous conditions, such as gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). An emerging body of evidence supports the possible impact of these strategies on GC incidence and mortality in identifiable high-risk populations in the United States.