Secondary metabolite profiling of seeds extract by GC-EI/MS and NMR analysis.

(Aristolochiaceae), commonly known as the Brazilian Dutchman's pipe, is cultivated globally as an ornamental vine, admired for the unique shape of its large flowers. In our ongoing research into the chemical composition of , the ethanol extract from its seeds was fractionated using chromatographic techniques, resulting in the isolation and identification of allantoin, along with the lignans kobusin, eudesmin, and methylarctigenin. The fractions were further analysed by NMR and GC - EI/MS, employing a molecular networking approach and retention index comparison, which led to the annotation of four sterols, eleven aliphatic alcohols, one saturated fatty acid, two unsaturated fatty acids, ten esters of saturated fatty acids, ten esters of unsaturated fatty acids, and one lactone.

Evidence-Based Medicine in Otolaryngology Part 17: A Qualitative Research Primer.

As qualitative data analysis becomes more frequently applied within the fields of medicine and surgery, it is beneficial to expand our knowledge of the utility, methodology, and interpretation of these techniques. While qualitative research serves a distinct purpose and differs from quantitative research, both can be approached with diligence, with careful techniques that are similarly maintained and respected. In advance of this installment in the Evidence-Based Medicine in Otolaryngology series, we presented a comparison between qualitative and quantitative methods.

Extractive optimization of bioactive compounds in aerial parts of using Box-Behnken experimental design.

is known for its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, attributed to triterpenes, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aimed to optimise the extraction process for aerial parts of using vortex extraction. A Box-Behnken experimental design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of three independent variables: sample-to-solvent ratio, velocity, and temperature.

Ecodevelopmental influences on latent classes of substance use among urban American Indian adolescents.

Unlabelled: The large majority (over 70%) of American Indian adolescents who reside in cities rather than tribal lands or rural areas report relatively earlier onset of substance use and more harmful associated health effects, compared to their non-Native peers.

Objective: This study investigated multilevel ecodevelopmental influences on empirically derived patterns of substance use among urban American Indian adolescents.

Method: Data came from 8th, 10th, and 12th grade American Indian adolescents ( = 2,407) in metropolitan areas of Arizona.

Athlete Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators Abuse: A Systematic Review.

Background: Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are small-molecule compounds that exert agonist and antagonist effects on androgen receptors in a tissue-specific fashion. Because of their performance-enhancing implications, SARMs are increasingly abused by athletes. To date, SARMs have no Food and Drug Administration approved use, and recent case reports associate the use of SARMs with deleterious effects such as drug-induced liver injury, myocarditis, and tendon rupture.

Identification of Cannabis Product Characteristics and Pricing on Dark Web Markets.

Growing cannabis use has made it the most widely cultivated and trafficked illicit drug globally according to the World Health Organization, with 147 million people consuming cannabis-derived products (CDPs) in various product forms and constituency. Despite restrictions in certain countries, unregulated access can still be found on the dark web which specializes in trafficking of illicit goods. The objective was to systematically collect data from multiple marketplaces to identify types of cannabis products offered for sale.

Contamination assessment and source identification of metals and metalloids in submicron road dust (PM) in Moscow Megacity.

The content of 39 metals and metalloids (MMs) in submicron road dust (PM fraction) was studied in the traffic zone, residential courtyards with parking lots, and on pedestrian roads in parks in Moscow. The geochemical profiles of PM vary slightly between different types of roads and courtyards but differ significantly from those in parks. In Moscow, compared to other cities worldwide, submicron road dust contains less As, Sb, Mo, Cr, Cd, Sn, Tl, Ca, Rb, La, Y, U, but more Cu, Zn, Co, Fe, Mn, Ti, Zr, Al, V.

Historical redlining and clustering of present-day breast cancer factors.

Purpose: Historical redlining, a 1930s-era form of residential segregation and proxy of structural racism, has been associated with breast cancer risk, stage, and survival, but research is lacking on how known present-day breast cancer risk factors are related to historical redlining. We aimed to describe the clustering of present-day neighborhood-level breast cancer risk factors with historical redlining and evaluate geographic patterning across the US.

Methods: This ecologic study included US neighborhoods (census tracts) with Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) grades, defined as having a score in the Historic Redlining Score dataset; 2019 Population Level Analysis and Community EStimates (PLACES) data; and 2014-2016 Environmental Justice Index (EJI) data.

Research progress of non-coding RNA regulating the role of PANoptosis in diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that is endemic worldwide and is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia accompanied by multiple severe complications, including cardiovascular disease, kidney dysfunction, neuropathy, and retinopathy. The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications is multifactorial, involving various molecular and cellular pathways. In recent years, research has indicated that mechanisms of cell death play a significant role in the advancement of diabetes and its complications.

Clinical manifestation and laboratory data of illicit drugs versus other substances intoxication in children.

Children are highly sensitive to toxins which can damage their organs and lead to death. Investigating the main causes of intoxication could reduce mortality and morbidity in children. In this cross-sectional study, the documents of all poisoned patients (214 cases) admitted to the emergency department of Taleghani children`s Hospital between April 2020 and 2023 were investigated.

Effect of intramuscular treatment with different iron dextran dosages and non-inferiority study to gleptoferron.

Background: Prevention of iron deficiency in suckling piglets by intramuscular injection of a standardized amount of iron dextran or gleptoferron in the first days of life can lead to over- or underdosage with respective health risks. Currently, combined iron products containing an active substance against coccidia are also used on farms. When using a combination product targeting two diseases, an adjustment of the necessary amount of iron to prevent anaemia in the frame of a farm-specific treatment protocol is not possible.

Managing xylazine-involved overdoses in a community harm reduction setting: lessons from Tijuana, Mexico.

Background: Xylazine is a α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, used for sedation in veterinary contexts. Although it is increasingly found in overdose deaths across North America, the clinical management of xylazine-involved overdoses has not been extensively studied, especially in community-based harm reduction settings. Here we present a clinical series of xylazine-involved overdose and share the clinical approach and lessons learned by a community overdose response team in Tijuana, Mexico amidst the arrival of xylazine.

Surgical resection of a solitary fibrous tumour causing refractory hypoglycaemia: Doege-Potter syndrome.

Solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) are rare soft tissue masses that are often clinically silent until they cause mass effect. A paraneoplastic syndrome manifesting as persistent hypoglycaemia, termed Doege-Potter syndrome (DPS), can be associated with these lesions. Surgical treatment is recommended for the management of these tumours.

Machine Learning-Based Estimation of Hoarseness Severity Using Acoustic Signals Recorded During High-Speed Videoendoscopy.

Objectives: This study investigates the use of sustained phonations recorded during high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) for machine learning-based assessment of hoarseness severity (H). The performance of this approach is compared with conventional recordings obtained during voice therapy to evaluate key differences and limitations of HSV-derived acoustic recordings.

Methods: A database of 617 voice recordings with a duration of 250 ms was gathered during HSV examination (HS).

Integrating social learning, social networks, and non-parental transgenerational plasticity.

Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) has largely focused on how parental exposure to ecological conditions shapes the phenotypes of future generations. However, organisms acquire information about their ecological environment via social learning, which can also shape TGP in profound ways. We demonstrate that non-parents alter how parents detect and respond to environmental cues in ways that spillover to affect offspring, non-parents influence offspring even without direct physical interactions, and parental cues received by offspring can alter the phenotypes of other juveniles.

Exploring the potential of machine learning models to predict nasal measurements through facial landmarks.

Statement Of Problem: Information on predicting the measurements of the nose from selected facial landmarks to assist in maxillofacial prosthodontics is lacking.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the efficiency of machine learning models in predicting the length and width of the nose from selected facial landmarks.

Material And Methods: Two-dimensional frontal and lateral photographs were made of 100 men and 100 women.

Applications for Laser in Veterinary Dermatology.

Laser usage in veterinary dermatology has increased in popularity over the last several decades. Carbon dioxide (CO) laser is the leading modality in surgical laser for veterinary dermatology because of its unmatched performance with soft tissue, particularly the skin. This laser cuts and coagulates tissue via the photothermal effect of laser energy when interacting with soft tissues with high water content, such as skin.

Livestock: Public Interface (Exhibition Livestock/Petting Zoo/Agritourism).

The article discusses the importance of biosecurity in exhibitions, shows, and other public livestock venues, such as petting zoos and agritourism sites. It highlights the risks of disease transmission from animals to humans and between animal groups. The document emphasizes the role of veterinarians in developing biosecurity measures and plans, which should be specific to each venue and reviewed regularly.

Are pectoralis minor length and posterior shoulder tightness associated with patient-reported shoulder pain and disability?

Background: Pectoralis minor (PM) shortening and posterior shoulder tightness (PST) are considered potential soft tissue alterations associated with rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP). Yet, their precise contribution to pain and disability remains unclear.

Purpose: To explore the association between both PM length and PST and self-reported shoulder pain and disability in individuals with and without RCRSP.

Textbook outcome in liver surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: defining predictors of an optimal postoperative course using machine learning.

Background: We sought to define textbook outcome in liver surgery (TOLS) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) by considering the implications of perioperative outcomes on overall survival (OS).

Methods: Using a multi-institutional database, TOLS for ICC was defined by employing novel machine learning (ML) models to identify perioperative factors most strongly predictive of OS ≥ 12 months. Subsequently, clinicopathologic factors associated with achieving TOLS were investigated.

Next-generation sequencing demonstrates racial and sex differences in genomic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma patients: an AACR GENIE project analysis.

Background: Genomic variations related to racial and sex differences among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been investigated. We sought to characterize the mutational landscape of patients with HCC relative to race and sex.

Methods: The American Association for Cancer Research GENIE project (v16.