Impact of RSVpreF vaccination on reducing the burden of respiratory syncytial virus in infants and older adults.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a substantial health burden among infants and older adults. Prefusion F protein-based vaccines have shown high efficacy against RSV disease in clinical trials, offering promise for mitigating this burden through maternal and older adult immunization. Employing an individual-based model, we evaluated the impact of RSV vaccination on hospitalizations and deaths in 13 high-income countries, assuming that the vaccine does not prevent infection or transmission.

Epigenetics and individuality: from concepts to causality across timescales.

Traditionally, differences among individuals have been divided into genetic and environmental causes. However, both types of variation can underlie regulatory changes in gene expression - that is, epigenetic changes - that persist across cell divisions (developmental differentiation) and even across generations (transgenerational inheritance). Increasingly, epigenetic variation among individuals is recognized as an important factor in human diseases and ageing.

Associations of personality traits with actigraphic sleep in middle-aged and older adults.

Although prior studies have examined associations of personality traits with sleep, most have investigated self-reported sleep, been cross-sectional, and focused on younger and middle-aged adults. We investigated associations of personality with actigraphic sleep parameters and changes in sleep in 398 cognitively normal adults aged 40-95 years (M ± SD = 70.1 ± 12.

Population genomics and connectivity of Vazella pourtalesii sponge grounds of the northwest Atlantic with conservation implications of deep sea vulnerable marine ecosystems.

Sponges are key ecosystem engineers that shape, structure and enhance the biodiversity of marine benthic communities globally. Sponge aggregations and reefs are recognized as vulnerable marine ecosystems (or VMEs) due to their susceptibility to damage from bottom-contact fishing gears. Ensuring their long-term sustainability, preservation, and ecosystem functions requires the implementation of sound scientific conservation tools.

TDP-43 Cryptic RNAs in Perry Syndrome: Differences across Brain Regions and TDP-43 Proteinopathies.

Background: Perry syndrome (PS) is a rare and fatal hereditary autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in dynactin (DCTN1). PS brains accumulate inclusions positive for ubiquitin, transactive-response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), and to a lesser extent dynactin.

Objectives: Little is known regarding the contributions of TDP-43, an RNA binding protein that represses cryptic exon inclusion, in PS.

DaxibotulinumtoxinA Treatment for Laryngeal Respiratory Dystonia.

Background: Laryngeal respiratory dystonia (LRD) is diagnosed based on clinical presentation, patient history, and physical examination. Key indicators include dyspnea, desynchronized breathing patterns, and laryngoscopic findings that reveal vocal fold adduction during inspiration. Treatment for LRD remains controversial and often yields limited effectiveness.

Performance evaluation of a machine learning-based methodology using dynamical features to detect nonwear intervals in actigraphy data in a free-living setting.

Goal And Aims: One challenge using wearable sensors is nonwear time. Without a nonwear (e.g.

Clinical efficacy of OS-01 peptide formulation in reducing the signs of periorbital skin aging.

Background: The aging of the skin, particularly around the periorbital region, is a complex process characterized by the accumulation of senescent cells, decreased collagen production, and reduced skin elasticity, leading to visible signs such as fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging.

Objective: This study investigates the efficacy of a novel topical formulation, OS-01 EYE, containing the senomorphic peptide, OS-01, along with other active ingredients, in improving the skin around the eyes.

Methods: A 12-week clinical study was conducted with 22 participants who applied OS-01 EYE twice daily.

Role of MicroRNAs in Regulating Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Handling and Their Implications for Cardiomyocyte Function and Heart Disease.

The regulation of calcium signaling within cardiomyocytes is pivotal for maintaining cardiac function, with disruptions in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium handling linked to various heart diseases. This review explores the emerging role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating SR calcium dynamics, highlighting their influence on cardiomyocyte maturation, function, and disease progression. We present a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms by which specific miRNAs, such as miR-1, miR-24, and miR-22, regulate key components of calcium handling, including ryanodine receptors, SERCA, and NCX.

Invited review: Social housing of dairy calves: management factors affecting calf behavior, performance, and health - A systematic review.

Given increasing adoption of social housing for pre-weaned dairy calves, we conducted a systematic review to summarize existing literature describing effects of social housing management factors on behavior, performance, and health of dairy calves. Included articles addressed interventions applied to pre-weaned, socially housed dairy calves, encompassing age at introduction to social housing, group composition (size, stocking density, within-group age range, stability), and housing environment (space allowance, enrichment provision). Outcome measures addressed behavior, including social behavior, locomotor behavior, feeding behavior, abnormal oral behavior, and behavioral responses during tests; performance, including body measurements and weight gain; and health, including clinical health scores and mortality rate.

Cerebral cortical functional hyperconnectivity in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8).

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 8 (SCA8) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a bidirectionally expressed CTG●CAG expansion mutation in the ATXN-8 and ATXN8-OS genes. While SCA8 patients have motor abnormalities, patients may also exhibit psychiatric symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. It is difficult to elucidate how the disease alters brain function in areas with little or no degeneration producing both motor and cognitive symptoms.

Quantifying microplastics concentration of invertebrates from three Antarctic fjords.

Microplastics, small pieces of plastic measuring less than five millimeters, have spread to all ecosystems, even those in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. In particular, microplastics have been found contaminating water in emerging fjords, or inlets created by deglaciation, along the Antarctic Peninsula. Microplastics contamination puts fjord communities, which are unique and dominated by benthic species, at high risk for microplastic exposure leading to issues with feeding, endocrine disruption, and exposure to adsorbed toxins, all of which lower fecundity and survivability.

Complex interplay: The interactions between citrus tristeza virus and its host.

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the largest and most economically important RNA viruses infecting plants. CTV's interactions with various citrus hosts can result in three diseases: quick decline, stem pitting, or seedling yellows. Studying CTV poses several challenges owing to its significant genetic diversity and the highly specific occurrence of disease symptoms when different genotypes infect different citrus hosts.

Multi-omics integration and immune profiling identify possible causal networks leading to uterine microbiome dysbiosis in dairy cows that develop metritis.

Background: Cows that develop metritis experience dysbiosis of their uterine microbiome, where opportunistic pathogens overtake uterine commensals. An effective immune response is critical for maintaining uterine health. Nonetheless, periparturient cows experience immune dysregulation, which seems to be intensified by prepartum over-condition.

Harmful Marketing: An Overlooked Social Determinant of Health.

This paper reviews evidence about the impact of marketing on ill health. We summarize evidence that marketing practices in six industries (tobacco, alcohol, pharmaceutical, processed food, firearm, and fossil fuel) are causal influences on the occurrence of injury, disease, and premature death. For each industry, we provide a brief overview on the extent of harmful marketing, efforts from each industry to obscure or otherwise conceal the impact of their marketing strategies, and efforts to counter the impact of harmful marketing in these industries.

Assessing the preservation potential of successive hurricane overwash deposits in Florida, USA mangroves.

Geologic records of tropical cyclones (TCs) in low-energy, back-barrier environments are established by identifying marine sediments via their allochthonous biogeochemical signal. These records have the potential to reconstruct TC intensity and frequency through time. However, modern analog studies are needed to understand which biogeochemical indicators of overwash sediments are best preserved and how post-depositional changes may affect their preservation.

Physiological Responses of Elite Cheerleaders During Training and Simulated Competition Routines.

Purpose: Competitive cheerleading (cheersport) is a physically demanding sport; however, there is a lack of information regarding its acute physiological responses during training or competition in these athletes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate these responses during both training sessions and simulated cheerleading competition routines (full-outs) among elite cheersport athletes.

Methods: Six Coed and 10 All Girl elite cheerleaders were included in this study.

Collaboration encourages innovation: setting new standards in wound care with the Wound Care Collaborative Community expert panel consensus Recommendations.

Background: The Wound Care Collaborative Community (WCCC) assesses shortcomings and unmet needs in wound care by partnering with key stakeholders, such as the National Institutes of Health, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), industry leaders, and expert health care providers and researchers, to advance the study of wound healing. Through this work, the WCCC has identified a few key barriers to innovation in wound care. The WCCC aims to accelerate the development of science-based, patient-centered solutions and address public policy challenges related to ensuring patients receive early access to innovative treatment options.

We All Need at Least One Friend Who Understands What We Do Not Say: A Scoping Review of Friendship and Augmentative and Alternative Communication.

Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to understand what is known about the friendships of individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. Because communication is important to friendship, severe communication impairment may impact the establishment or maintenance of friendships in unique and important ways.

Method: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews and Covidence software using an established set of operationally defined inclusion criteria supported the identification of the 46 papers included in this review.

Acute Effect of High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Blood Pressure in Females Living with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension.

Background: The acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on blood pressure (BP) may depend on the exercise protocol performed. Purpose: To compare the acute effect of high and low-volume HIIT on post-exercise and ambulatory BP in untrained older females diagnosed with both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN). Methods: Fifteen females (69 [65 ─ 74] years) completed a crossover study with three experimental conditions: 1) REST (35 min in sitting position); 2) HIIT10 (10 × 1 min at 90% heart rate max [HRmax]), and 3) HIIT4 (4 × 4 min at 90% HRmax).

Impact of Left Ventricular Size on Outcomes Following HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Analysis of the European Registry for Patients With Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS).

We investigated the association of preimplant left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) with outcomes after HeartMate 3 (HM3) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Patients from the European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS) registry who underwent HM3 implantation from August 2014 to February 2023 (n = 834) were analyzed according to preoperative LVEDD: less than or equal to 65 (n = 251), 65-80 (n = 441), and greater than or equal to 80 mm (n = 142). The mean age was 54.

Azine Dearomatization in Natural Product Total Synthesis.

Since antiquity, alkaloid natural products have served as medicinal ingredients that still contribute as an inspiration for the development of novel therapeutics. For the synthetic chemist, much of the importance of natural products lies in their acting as a forcing-function for the invention of new synthetic strategies and tactics for molecular assembly. With this rich history in mind, it remains an important goal for chemists to build nitrogenous structures with greater efficiency, abiding by economies of synthesis.