Identifying the greatest surgeon-perceived barriers and challenges in performing corneal transplantation in India.

Objective: There is currently no systematic method of assessing limitations in performing corneal transplantation. The purpose of the study was to identify the limitations of performing corneal transplantation in India.

Design: Cross-sectional survey study.

Depression in High-Risk Offspring: The Mediating Role of Sleep Problems.

Parental depression is associated with offspring depression and sleep problems are prospectively associated with the development of depression. However, little work has examined sleep problems in the offspring of depressed parents and whether these problems partially account for the association between parent and offspring depression. This longitudinal study examined the indirect effect of sleep problems on the association between parent psychopathology and offspring depression in a sample of 10,953 10 to 12-year-old children participating in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Prospective Harmonization, Common Data Elements, and Sharing Strategies for Multicenter Pre-Clinical Traumatic Brain Injury Research in the Translational Outcomes Project in Neurotrauma Consortium.

Effective team science requires procedural harmonization for rigor and reproducibility. Multicenter studies across experimental modalities (domains) can help accelerate translation. The Translational Outcomes Project in NeuroTrauma (TOP-NT) is a pre-clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) consortium charged with establishing and validating noninvasive TBI assessment tools through team science.

Impacts of Weather Anomalies and Climate on Plant Disease.

Predicting the effects of climate change on plant disease is critical for protecting ecosystems and food production. Here, we show how disease pressure responds to short-term weather, historical climate and weather anomalies by compiling a global database (4339 plant-disease populations) of disease prevalence in both agricultural and wild plant systems. We hypothesised that weather and climate would play a larger role in disease in wild versus agricultural plant populations, which the results supported.

Histopathologic Progression and Metastatic Relapse Outcomes in Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Urinary Tract.

Introduction: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary tract (SCNEC-URO) has an inferior prognosis compared to conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC). Here, we evaluate the predictors and patterns of relapse after surgery.

Materials And Methods: We identified a definitive-surgery cohort (n = 224) from an institutional database of patients with cT1-T4NxM0 SCNEC-URO treated in 1985-2021.

Implementing Early Kangaroo Mother Care: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) has numerous maternal and neonatal benefits. KMC is often overlooked as a vital neonatal stabilization tool. Factors that influence the initiation of KMC by bedside staff include a lack of specific education on KMC, low confidence, and hesitancy due to the infant's clinical illness.

Conceptual and Evidence Update on Incidental Physical Activity: A Scoping Review of Experimental and Observational Studies.

Promoting incidental physical activity (IPA) can help reduce sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity levels in the population. However, there is heterogeneity in the definition of IPA, and studies have yet to synthesize the empirical findings on this topic. This review aimed to (1) Synthesize the definitions of the IPA used in the scientific literature, (2) Identify the behaviors part of the IPA, and (3) Synthesize the main findings on IPA.

A novel approach to decannulation of a tracheostomy tube using a 1-way speaking valve after upper airway trauma in 2 dogs.

Objective: To describe a novel approach to tracheostomy management in dogs with upper airway trauma.

Case Series Summary: Two dogs with upper airway trauma presented to an emergency department and required immediate intubation. To minimize sedation time, tracheostomy tubes were placed in both dogs.

Retrospective evaluation of dexamethasone for treatment of suspected critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency in dogs with septic shock (2017-2022): 60 cases.

Objective: To retrospectively compare and report vasopressor duration and mortality of septic dogs with hypotension refractory to vasopressor administration (presumed critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency [CIRCI]) treated with or without dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DxSP).

Design: Retrospective study (2017-2022).

Setting: Tertiary referral and teaching hospitals.

Visual assessment for frontal sinus radiographic identifications: Documenting accuracy and exploring the effects of experience.

Decedent positive identification via visual comparisons of frontal sinus radiographs is commonly used in the medicolegal field; however, only a handful of studies have empirically tested this method. This study aimed to test the accuracy of visual assessment in frontal sinus identifications across a large and experientially diverse participant sample. A Qualtrics survey presented participants with 25 pairs of cropped frontal sinus radiographs, asking them to determine if they matched and their confidence level.

Latent Trajectories of Change in Dietary Restriction During Treatment in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa.

Objective: Outcomes for low-weight restrictive eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), are sub-optimal. Reducing dietary restriction is a key treatment target. Understanding heterogeneity in patterns of change in dietary restriction may aid in improving outcomes.

Self-Diffusion of Star and Linear Polyelectrolytes in Salt-Free and Salt Solutions.

This work explored solution properties of linear and star poly(methacrylic acids) with four, six, and eight arms (PMAA, 4PMAA, PMAA, and 8PMAA, respectively) of matched molecular weights in a wide range of pH, salt, and polymer concentrations. Experimental measurements of self-diffusion were performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), and the results were interpreted using the scaling theory of polyelectrolyte solutions. While all PMAAs were pH sensitive and showed an increase in hydrodynamic radius ( ) with pH in the dilute regime, the of star polymers (measured at basic pH values) was significantly smaller for the star polyacids due to their more compact structure.

Associations between Driving Cessation and Mental Health among Rural and Urban Older Adults.

Driving cessation is robustly associated with poor mental health outcomes among older adults; however, the magnitude of this relationship may differ by rurality. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between driving cessation and life satisfaction and depressive symptoms and assessed whether these relationships were moderated by rurality. Data is from participants in the 2014 and 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (mean age = 73; 58% female) with information on either depressive symptoms (n=5,650) or life satisfaction (n=1,931).

Vitiligo Exchange: An Expert Panel Discussion of Two Clinical Cases.

This article is based on a roundtable discussion in which three panelists review clinically relevant insights about vitiligo and discuss two cases that illustrate the multiple challenges faced by both patients and clinicians in managing this complex disease. The first is a 32-year-old White female patient with Fitzpatrick Skin Type III/IV with extensive depigmentation in the trunk area. The patient achieved 90-percent repigmentation with a combination therapy approach.

Predictors of county-level diabetes-related mortality risks in Florida, USA: a retrospective ecological study.

Background: Diabetes is an increasingly important public health problem due to its socioeconomic impact, high morbidity, and mortality. Although there is evidence of increasing diabetes-related deaths over the last ten years, little is known about the population level predictors of diabetes-related mortality risks (DRMR) in Florida. Identifying these predictors is important for guiding control programs geared at reducing the diabetes burden and improving population health.

Psychometric testing of the cross-culturally adapted Thai version of the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale version 3.0 in individuals with chronic illnesses.

Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale version 3.0 (SCSES-v3.0) in individuals with chronic illnesses.

Real-World Use of Tapinarof Cream 1% Once Daily in Patients with Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Case Series.

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is an inflammatory skin disease with multifactorial etiology, involving genetic and environmental factors. Many conventional therapies for SD (ie, topical antifungals, topical corticosteroids) are associated with incomplete efficacy, frequent and sometimes rapid disease recurrence, and restrictions on duration of therapy and anatomic sites of application. This may be because they cannot target multiple disease processes and/or are limited by safety considerations.

Through the lens of Good Participatory Practice: Findings and lessons learned from the healthcare worker subcommittee of the COVID-19 Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes Registry.

Participant representation, including the Good Participatory Practice guidelines, in the design and execution of clinical research can profoundly affect research structure and process. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, an online registry called the Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes (HERO) Registry, was launched to capture the experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) on the pandemic frontlines. It evolved into a program that distributed COVID-19-related information and connected participants with COVID-19-related research opportunities.

Greening the Urban Landscape: Assessing the Impact of Tree-Planting Initiatives and Climate Influences on Miami-Dade County's Greenness.

In urban settings, trees and greenery play a vital role in environmental well-being and community vitality. This study explores the impact of Miami-Dade County's tree-planting initiative on urban greenness and considers the influence of climate dynamics. Using Landsat data from 2006 to 2019, we find stable overall greenness, with 5.

Impact of Post-Stroke Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Introduction: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is associated with exposure to traumatic events, especially in the military setting. However, patients who experience stroke may develop anxiety about their stroke event and may re-experience transient neurological symptoms as a result. A significant portion develop the persistent and disabling symptoms of PTSD.

Race and ethnic disparities in rehabilitation services and functional recovery post-stroke.

Objective: To identify race/ethnic disparities in rehabilitation services after stroke and characterize the independent associations of each of race/ethnicity and rehabilitation to functional recovery post-stroke.

Methods: The Transitions of Care Stroke Disparities Study (TCSD-S) is a prospective cohort study designed to reduce disparities and to optimize the transitions of care for stroke survivors throughout the state of Florida. Participant characteristics were extracted from the American Heart Association's Get-With-The-Guidelines-Stroke dataset.

Corrigendum: Cipaglucosidase alfa plus miglustat: linking mechanism of action to clinical outcomes in late-onset Pompe disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.

Effectiveness of a 5-day adapted swim instruction program for children with disabilities.

Background: Drowning is a leading cause of death for children. Some populations of children with disabilities, such as children with autism, experience a health disparity in drowning when compared to peers without disabilities.

Objective: This study presents a secondary data analysis of the response to intervention for a 5-day adapted swim instruction program (iCan Swim) for children with disabilities ( = 164 participants) ages 3-18 years.

Acute effects of Nordic hamstring exercise on ultrasound shear wave elastography.

Aim: The Nordic hamstring curl appears effective in reducing the incidence of injury in physically active young adults, likely through its capacity as an eccentric exercise to increase muscle stiffness. Although eccentric exercises have been shown to increase muscle stiffness, medium- and long-term Nordic hamstring curl training programs have not demonstrated an effect on muscle stiffness. This study examined the acute effects of a single session of Nordic hamstring curls on the stiffness of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles using ultrasound shear wave elastography, an accepted method for measuring passive muscle stiffness.

Discovery of PRMT5 N-Terminal TIM Barrel Ligands from Machine-Learning-Based Virtual Screening.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which symmetrically dimethylates cytosolic and nuclear proteins, has been demonstrated as an important cancer therapeutic target. In recent years, many advanced achievements in PRMT5 inhibitor development have been made. Most PRMT5 inhibitors in the clinical trial focus on targeting the C-terminal catalytic domain, whereas developing small molecules to interrupt the PRMT5/pICLn (methylosome subunit) protein-protein interface is also of great importance for inhibiting PRMT5.