Sex-Based Differences in Endovascular Thrombectomy Outcomes for Large Ischemic Stroke: A SELECT2 Subanalysis.

Background: Several social and biological factors are shown to differentially affect stroke outcomes between men and women. We evaluated whether clinical outcomes and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) treatment effects differed between the sexes in patients presenting with large ischemic stroke.

Methods: The SELECT2 trial (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize Patient's Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke) was a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of EVT in patients with large strokes across the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand between October 2019 and September 2022.

Early antibiotic exposure and risk of psychiatric and neurocognitive outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prenatal and early-life periods pose a crucial neurodevelopmental window whereby disruptions to the intestinal microbiota and the developing brain may have adverse impacts. As antibiotics affect the human intestinal microbiome, it follows that early-life antibiotic exposure may be associated with later-life psychiatric or neurocognitive outcomes.

Aims: To explore the association between early-life (in utero and early childhood (age 0-2 years)) antibiotic exposure and the subsequent risk of psychiatric and neurocognitive outcomes.

IUPHAR Review on muscarinic M1 and M4 receptors as drug treatment targets relevant to the molecular pathology of schizophrenia.

Cobenfy, a co-formulation of xanomeline and trospium, is the first drug not acting on the dopaminergic system of the CNS approved for the treatment of schizophrenia by the FDA. Xanomeline is a muscarinic M1 and M4 receptor (CHRM1 and CHRM4) agonist whilst trospium is a peripherally active CHRM antagonist that reduces the unwanted peripheral side-effects of xanomeline. Relevant to this exciting development, this review details the human CNS cholinergic systems and how those systems are affected by the molecular pathology of schizophrenia in a way suggesting activating the CHRM1 and 4 would be beneficial in treating the disorder.

Depressive Symptoms and Gut Microbiota after Bowel Preparation and Colonoscopy: A Pre-Post Intervention Study.

Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is essential for visualisation of the colon during colonoscopy. Previous studies have identified changes in gut microbiota composition after MBP and colonoscopy. Considering the gut microbiota is increasingly implicated in psychiatry, we explored the potential impact of this intervention on mood and the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Lifestyle changes and patient-reported outcomes over five years in a sample of people with multiple sclerosis after a single multimodal intensive lifestyle education workshop.

Introduction: Modifiable lifestyle risk factors for progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been increasingly studied. This study employed a single-group design involving a one-off intensive live-in educational workshop on lifestyle modification for people with MS. We aimed to examine changes in a range of clinical and lifestyle variables and quality of life, self-efficacy, physical impact of MS and disability from baseline to 3- and 5-years post-intervention.

The Connections Between Alexithymia, Childhood Maltreatment, Impulsivity and Extreme Sensory Processing Patterns in Relation to Bipolar Symptoms in Inpatients With Bipolar Disorder.

Childhood maltreatment, alexithymia and impulsivity are related to bipolar disorder (BD), but the role of potential underlying mechanisms of this link, such as extreme sensory processing, in BD are unclear. This study compared sensory processing patterns between individuals with BD-I or BD-II and between those with and without alexithymia and childhood maltreatment. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the role of extreme sensory processing in the relationship between childhood trauma, alexithymia and impulsivity with both depression and mania in a sample of hospitalized individuals with BD (n = 300).

Prior Appendicectomy and Gut Microbiota Re-Establishment in Adults after Bowel Preparation and Colonoscopy.

Emerging evidence suggests that the human vermiform appendix is not a vestigial organ but rather an immunological organ of biological relevance. It is hypothesised that the appendix acts as a bacterial 'safe house' for commensal gut bacteria and facilitates re-inoculation of the colon after disruption through the release of biofilms. To date, no studies have attempted to explore this potential mechanistic function of the appendix.

Understanding the relationship between childhood abuse and affective symptoms in bipolar disorder: New insights from a network analysis.

The impact of childhood abuse on the presentation of bipolar disorder could be further elucidated by comparing the networks of affective symptoms among individuals with and with no history of childhood abuse. Data from 476 participants in the Clinical Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness for Bipolar Disorder study were used to fit several regularised Gaussian Graphical Models. Differences in the presentation of depressive and manic symptoms were uncovered: only among participants with a history of childhood abuse, inadequacy and pessimism were central symptoms in the network of depressive symptoms, while racing thoughts was an important symptom in the network of manic symptoms.

Two thirds of patients may not need routine 12-month specialist review in an epilepsy clinic: A cross-sectional study of clinic appointments.

Objectives: Timely access to specialist outpatient clinics can be difficult to achieve as outpatient services are often oversubscribed leading to unacceptable wait times. New patients, or those with emergent issues may wait for appointments whilst existing patients are booked in for routine reviews "just in case" there is a problem, using considerable clinic resources. We investigated routine 12-month review appointments to assess whether these appointments changed patient management.

Multiscale heterogeneity of white matter morphometry in psychiatric disorders.

Background: Inter-individual variability in neurobiological and clinical characteristics in mental illness is often overlooked by classical group-mean case-control studies. Studies using normative modelling to infer person-specific deviations of grey matter volume have indicated that group means are not representative of most individuals. The extent to which this variability is present in white matter morphometry, which is integral to brain function, remains unclear.

Longitudinal epidemiology of multiple sclerosis over 60 years in Newcastle, Australia: 1961 to 2021.

Introduction: Newcastle, Australia, has been serially studied for MS epidemiology since 1961, showing consistently increasing prevalence estimates and incidence rates, including to our 2011 study.

Objectives: To assess the 2011-2021 epidemiology of MS in Newcastle and to compare with previous measures.

Methods: Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records of MS cases residing in Newcastle, as identified by public and private clinicians.

Anticoagulation Use and Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients with Large Core Stroke: A Secondary Analysis of the SELECT2 Trial.

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) safety and efficacy in patients with large core infarcts receiving oral anticoagulants (OAC) are unknown. In the SELECT2 trial (NCT03876457), 29 of 180 (16%; vitamin K antagonists 15, direct OACs 14) EVT, and 18 of 172 (10%; vitamin K antagonists 3, direct OACs 15) medical management (MM) patients reported OAC use at baseline. EVT was not associated with better clinical outcomes in the OAC group (EVT 6 [4-6] vs MM 5 [4-6], adjusted generalized odds ratio 0.

Nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals in the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis "Nutra NMA SCZ".

Sub-optimal response in schizophrenia is frequent, warranting augmentation strategies over treatment-as-usual (TAU). We assessed nutraceuticals/phytoceutical augmentation strategies via network meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder were identified via the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.

A phase 3 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of mirtazapine as a pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: a study protocol for the Tina Trial.

Background: There are no approved pharmacotherapies for methamphetamine use disorder. Two preliminary phase 2 randomised controlled trials have found mirtazapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant, to be effective in reducing methamphetamine use. The proposed Tina Trial is the first phase 3 placebo-controlled randomised trial to examine the effectiveness and safety of mirtazapine as an outpatient pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder.

The contribution of alexithymia, childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, and thyroid hormones to aggression and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) in schizophrenia.

There are individual effects of alexithymia, childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, and some biological markers on aggression and psychological distress in schizophrenia. However, the combined effects of these psychological and biological markers have not yet been fully studied. This study therefore aimed to investigate the influence of these psychological and biological markers on aggression and psychological distress (e.

A Brief Workplace Training Program to Support Help-Seeking for Mental Ill-Health: Protocol for the Helipad Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Most people with mental health problems do not seek help, with delays of even decades in seeking professional help. Lack of engagement with professional mental health services can lead to poor outcomes and functional impairment. However, few effective interventions have been identified to improve help-seeking in adults, and those that exist are not widely implemented to deliver public health impact.