Peripheral Mechanisms Underlying Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-Induced Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS).

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for approximately 70-75% of all bladder cancer cases. The standard treatment for high-risk NMIBC involves transurethral tumour resection followed by intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy. While BCG immunotherapy is both safe and effective, it frequently leads to the development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as urinary urgency, frequency, dysuria, and pelvic discomfort.

Modular Light-Emitting Diode Shelving Systems for Scalable Optogenetics.

Optogenetic experiments rely on the controlled delivery of light to diverse biological systems. Impressive devices have been recently developed to stimulate cells and small animals with multiple wavelengths and intensities. However, existing hardware solutions are often limited to a single sample holder, and their design and cost can further limit scalability.

Unlocking the secrets of trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists: new horizon in neuropsychiatric treatment.

For over seven decades, dopamine receptor 2 (D receptor) antagonists remained the mainstay treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. Although it is effective for treating hyperdopaminergic symptoms, it is often ineffective for treating negative and cognitive deficits. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a novel, pharmacological target in the treatment of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric conditions.

Trace amine associated receptor 1: predicted effects of single nucleotide variants on structure-function in geographically diverse populations.

Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a novel pharmaceutical target under investigation for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric conditions. TAAR1 single nucleotide variants (SNV) have been found in patients with schizophrenia and metabolic disorders. However, the frequency of variants in geographically diverse populations and the functional effects of such variants are unknown.

Facilitators and Barriers to Lung Cancer Screening during Long COVID: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Study Synthesis of Qualitative Research.

: Participation in targeted screening reduces lung cancer mortality by 30-60%, but screening is not universally available. Therefore, the study aimed to synthesize the evidence and identify facilitators and barriers to lung cancer screening participation globally. : Two reviewers screened primary studies using qualitative methods published up to February 2023.

Athletic retirement: factors contributing to sleep and mental health problems.

Introduction: The aim of this investigation was to determine which factors were associated with symptoms of sleep and mental health disorders in former athletes.

Methods: Former athletes (N = 173, 50% women) who retired from any competition level within the last 20 years participated in an online survey. The survey consisted of the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R), and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7).

Benzalkonium chloride disinfectant residues stimulate biofilm formation and increase survival of bacterial pathogens.

spp. are opportunistic human and animal pathogens found ubiquitously in marine environments. Globally, there is a predicted rise in the prevalence of spp.

Native Circular RNA Pulldown Method to Simultaneously Profile RNA and Protein Interactions.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a widespread, cell-, tissue-, and disease-specific class of largely non-coding RNA transcripts. These single-stranded, covalently-closed transcripts arise through non-canonical splicing of pre-mRNA, a process called back-splicing. Back-splicing results in circRNAs which are distinguishable from their cognate mRNA as they possess a unique sequence of nucleic acids called the backsplice junction (BSJ).

Using Expert Elicitation to Adjust Published Intervention Effects to Reflect the Local Context.

Unlabelled: Local health services make limited use of economic evaluation to inform decisions to fund new health service interventions. One barrier is the relevance of published intervention effects to the local setting, given these effects can strongly reflect the original evaluation context. Expert elicitation methods provide a structured approach to explicitly and transparently adjust published effect estimates, which can then be used in local-level economic evaluations to increase their local relevance.

A framework for local-level economic evaluation to inform implementation decisions: health service interventions to prevent hospital-acquired hypoglycemia.

Objectives: Published evidence on health service interventions should inform decision-making in local health services, but primary effectiveness studies and cost-effectiveness analyses are unlikely to reflect contexts other than those in which the evaluations were undertaken. A ten-step framework was developed and applied to use published evidence as the basis for local-level economic evaluations that estimate the expected costs and effects of new service intervention options in specific local contexts.

Methods: Working with a multidisciplinary group of local clinicians, the framework was applied to evaluate intervention options for preventing hospital-acquired hypoglycemia.

Pharmacological management of co-morbid obstructive sleep apnoea and insomnia.

Introduction: Clinical presentation of both insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (COMISA) is common. Approximately 30% of clinical cohorts with OSA have insomnia symptoms and vice versa. The underlying pathophysiology of COMISA is multifactorial.

Beyond the urothelium: Interplay between autonomic nervous system and bladder inflammation in urinary tract infection, bladder pain syndrome with interstitial cystitis and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in spinal cord injury-ICI-RS 2023.

Introduction: Inflammation and neuronal hypersensitivity are reactive protective mechanisms after urothelial injury. In lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD), such as urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder pain syndrome with interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and neurogenic LUTD after spinal cord injury (SCI), chronic inflammation can develop. It is unclear how the protective reactionary inflammation escalates into chronic disease in some patients.

The Effect of Ginger Supplementation on the Improvement of Dyspeptic Symptoms in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia.

Background Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder with a higher occurrence in the Western world. Conventional medications are not effective for FD with patients turning to alternative herbal medicines such as ginger. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ginger supplementation on the improvement of FD symptoms.

Next-Generation JAK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Lessons from Structure-Based Drug Discovery Approaches.

Unlabelled: Selective inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK) 2 have been in demand since the discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation present in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN); however, the structural basis of V617F oncogenicity has only recently been elucidated. New structural studies reveal a role for other JAK2 domains, beyond the kinase domain, that contribute to pathogenic signaling. Here we evaluate the structure-based approaches that led to recently-approved type I JAK2 inhibitors (fedratinib and pacritinib), as well as type II (BBT594 and CHZ868) and pseudokinase inhibitors under development (JNJ7706621).

'Quitlink': Outcomes of a randomised controlled trial of peer researcher facilitated referral to a tailored quitline tobacco treatment for people receiving mental health services.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a tailored quitline tobacco treatment ('Quitlink') among people receiving support for mental health conditions.

Methods: We employed a prospective, cluster-randomised, open, blinded endpoint design to compare a control condition to our 'Quitlink' intervention. Both conditions received a brief intervention delivered by a peer researcher.

A multicentric consortium study demonstrates that dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 is not a dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase.

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) protects against cardiovascular disease by metabolising the risk factor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). However, the question whether the second DDAH isoform, DDAH2, directly metabolises ADMA has remained unanswered. Consequently, it is still unclear if DDAH2 may be a potential target for ADMA-lowering therapies or if drug development efforts should focus on DDAH2's known physiological functions in mitochondrial fission, angiogenesis, vascular remodelling, insulin secretion, and immune responses.

Functional Characterisation of the Circular RNA, , in Huntington's Disease.

Trinucleotide repeat disorders comprise ~20 severe, inherited, human neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders, which result from an abnormal expansion of repetitive sequences in the DNA. The most common of these, Huntington's disease (HD), results from expansion of the CAG repeat region in exon 1 of the gene via an unknown mechanism. Since non-coding RNAs have been implicated in the initiation and progression of many diseases, herein we focused on a circular RNA (circRNA) molecule arising from non-canonical splicing (backsplicing) of pre-mRNA.

Peripheral and central neuroplasticity in a mouse model of endometriosis.

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is the most debilitating symptom of gynaecological disorders such as endometriosis. However, it remains unclear how sensory neurons from pelvic organs affected by endometriosis, such as the female reproductive tract, detect and transmit nociceptive events and how these signals are processed within the central nervous system (CNS). Using a previously characterized mouse model of endometriosis, we investigated whether the increased pain sensitivity occurring in endometriosis could be attributed to (i) changes in mechanosensory properties of sensory afferents innervating the reproductive tract, (ii) alterations in sensory input from reproductive organs to the spinal cord or (iii) neuroinflammation and sensitization of spinal neural circuits.

The RNA interactome in the Hallmarks of Cancer.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules are indispensable for cellular homeostasis in healthy and malignant cells. However, the functions of RNA extend well beyond that of a protein-coding template. Rather, both coding and non-coding RNA molecules function through critical interactions with a plethora of cellular molecules, including other RNAs, DNA, and proteins.

Comparative Assessment of Docking Programs for Docking and Virtual Screening of Ribosomal Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Agents.

Oxazolidinones are a broad-spectrum class of synthetic antibiotics that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Many crystal structures of the ribosomes with oxazolidinone ligands have been reported in the literature, facilitating structure-based design using methods such as molecular docking. It would be of great interest to know in advance how well docking methods can reproduce the correct ligand binding modes and rank these correctly.