Five-minute exposure to a novel appetitive food substance is sufficient time for a microRNA-dependent long-term memory to form.

The Garcia effect is a unique form of conditioned taste aversion which requires that a novel food stimulus be followed sometime later by a sickness state associated with the novel food stimulus. The long-lasting associative memory resulting from the Garcia effect ensures that organisms avoid toxic foods in their environment. Considering its ecological relevance, we sought to investigate whether a brief encounter (5 min) with a novel, appetitive food stimulus can cause a persisting long-term memory (LTM) to form that would in turn block the Garcia effect in Lymnaea stagnalis.

[Analysis of the psychological causes of early substance use among adolescents in school and university settings].

Experimentation with psychoactive substances (PAS), such as alcohol, tobacco or cannabis, is common in adolescence, and continues to pose a public health issue that can lead to failure at school and university. Most of the work on these issues focuses on addiction-related aspects, and little on the underlying causes of addiction. This article sheds psycho-social theoretical light on the causes of first-time use of APS, and cannabis in particular.

Adaptive variable sampling model for performance analysis in high cache-performance computing environments.

High-performance computing provides computing power for a variety of scientific disciplines, supporting advancements by offering insights beyond metacognition. Maximizing computing performance without wasting resources is a major research issue. Predicting the performance of a computer's next state is effective for scheduling.

Cheating and the effect of promises in Indian and German children.

Cheating is harmful to others and society at large. Promises have been shown to increase honesty in children, but their effectiveness has not been compared between different cultural contexts. In a study (2019) with 7- to 12-year-olds (N = 406, 48% female, middle-class), voluntary promises reduced cheating in Indian, but not in German children.

Computerized cognitive testing in patients with Parkinson's disease: an Indian perspective.

This study investigates perspectives on computer-based assessments among elderly individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) in India for more efficient usability of digital assessments for this population. Content analysis was conducted on 30 participants diagnosed with PD, who were interviewed for their preferences and perspectives on integrating technology in healthcare assessments. Elderly individuals with PD in India favored paper-pencil assessments over computer-based alternatives due to limited technological familiarity, resistance to change, lack of trust in healthcare technology and PD-related motor challenges.

Prey populations with different predation histories show differences in behavioral and transcriptional effects under acute predation threat.

Predator detection induces both behavioral and physiological responses in prey organisms. Our model organism, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, shows multiple defensive behaviors in response to predator cues. In this study, we investigated and compared the transcriptional effects induced by the exposure to a predator scent (i.

Recent Advances and Perspectives of Nanomaterials in Agricultural Management and Associated Environmental Risk: A Review.

The advancement in nanotechnology has enabled a significant expansion in agricultural production. Agri-nanotechnology is an emerging discipline where nanotechnological methods provide diverse nanomaterials (NMs) such as nanopesticides, nanoherbicides, nanofertilizers and different nanoforms of agrochemicals for agricultural management. Applications of nanofabricated products can potentially improve the shelf life, stability, bioavailability, safety and environmental sustainability of active ingredients for sustained release.

Synergy of climate change with country success and city quality of life.

Most people around the world have felt the effects of climate change on their quality of life. This study sought to achieve the maximum efficiency for climate change actions with the minimum negative impact on the well-being of countries and cities. The Climate Change and Country Success (CS) and Climate Change and Cities' Quality of Life (CQL) models and maps of the world created as part of this research showed that as economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental metrics of countries and cities improve, so do their climate change indicators.

Enhancing the Breast Histopathology Image Analysis for Cancer Detection Using Variational Autoencoder.

A breast tissue biopsy is performed to identify the nature of a tumour, as it can be either cancerous or benign. The first implementations involved the use of machine learning algorithms. Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were used to classify the input histopathological images into whether they were cancerous or non-cancerous.

Novel taste, sickness, and memory: Lipopolysaccharide to induce a Garcia-like effect in inbred and wild strains of Lymnaea stagnalis.

Food is not only necessary for our survival but also elicits pleasure. However, when a novel food is followed sometime later by nausea or sickness animals form a long-lasting association to avoid that food. This phenomenon is called the 'Garcia effect'.

Patterns in the Prevalence of Unvaccinated Children Across 36 States and Union Territories in India, 1993-2021.

Importance: Children who do not receive any routine vaccinations (ie, who have 0-dose status) are at elevated risk of death, morbidity, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities that limit their development over the life course. India has the world's highest number of children with 0-dose status; analysis of national and subnational patterns is the first important step to addressing this problem.

Objectives: To examine the patterns among children with 0-dose immunization status across all 36 states and union territories (UTs) in India over 29 years, from 1993 to 2021, and to elucidate the relative share of multiple geographic regions in the total geographic variation in 0-dose immunization.

Mindful parenting-A thematic exploration of narratives from Indian mothers.

Introduction: With the global crisis of COVID-19 continuing, Indian mothers have not received adequate attention with respect to their challenges and mothering experiences. The current study explored mindful parenting practices in a cohort of Indian mothers of children aged 10 years and below that emerged in response to the challenges posed by COVID-19.

Methods: In-depth virtual interviews were conducted with 31 urban Indian mothers to explore their lived experiences of mothering during the global crisis and their engagements with mindful parenting practices.

Currencies of greater interest for central Asian economies: an analysis of exchange market pressure amid global and regional interdependence.

Central Asian Economies (CAEs) have diverse exchange rate policies. They have recorded higher volatility in the foreign exchange market since inception. High volatility of the transition era has drifted these economies towards partial dollarization.

Small area variations in four measures of poverty among Indian households: Econometric analysis of National Family Health Survey 2019-2021.

India has seen enormous reductions in poverty in the past few decades. However, much of this progress has been unequal throughout the country. This paper examined the 2019-2021 National Family Health Survey to examine small area variations in four measures of household poverty.

"I Don't Want to Have the Time When I Do Nothing": Aging and Reconfigured Leisure Practices During the Pandemic.

In this paper, we contend that urban middle-class older Indians engaged in "serious leisure" as a way to reimagine and reconfigure the structure of everyday life during the pandemic-led epochal downtime. In particular, we heuristically show that leisure activity patterns and constraint negotiation strategies among older Indians followed conceptual semblances with the dominant leisure-based typology of . By thematically analysing household surveys (n = 71), time-use diaries and in-depth interviews (n = 15) of middle to upper middle-class individuals (55-80 years), we show how both men and women distinguished between serious leisure that is marked by motivation, agency and perseverance with that of unstructured, routinized free-time (or causal leisure).

Hopes and fears regarding care robots: Content analysis of newspapers in East Asia and Western Europe, 2001-2020.

Background: As a type of welfare technology, care robotics is now widely seen as a potential aide to rehabilitation, increasing independence and enhancing the wellbeing of people with disabilities and older adults. Research into and development of care robots have both been vigorously promoted in North America, Europe and Asia, and the competition for technological advancement in robotics is becoming fierce. AI ethics and policy guidelines are being established.

Antibody Class(es) Predictor for Epitopes (AbCPE): A Multi-Label Classification Algorithm.

Development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies to deal with infectious and other diseases are the most perceptible scientific interventions that have had huge impact on public health including that in the current Covid-19 pandemic. From inactivation methodologies to reverse vaccinology, vaccine development strategies of 21st century have undergone several transformations and are moving towards rational design approaches. These developments are driven by data as the combinatorials involved in antigenic diversity of pathogens and immune repertoire of hosts are enormous.

Blocked by Gender: Disparities in COVID19 infection detection in Tamil Nadu, India.

Globally, a gender gap in COVID-19 has been noted with men reporting higher share of both morbidity and deaths compared to women. While the gender gap in fatalities has been similar across the globe, there have been interesting disparities in the detection of COVID-19 cases in men and women. While wealthier, more developed nations have generally seen similar case detection in men and women, LMICs especially in Asia have seen far greater proportion of COVID-19 cases among men than women.

Role of income and government responsiveness in reducing the death toll from floods in Indian states.

Floods are the most commonly occurring natural disasters in India due to India's unique geographical location and socioeconomic conditions. Frequent flooding causes enormous loss of human lives and damage crops and public utilities. Furthermore, floods adversely affect economic development and increase the government's financial burden by increasing spending on various disaster mitigation measures.

Small area variation in severe, moderate, and mild anemia among women and children: A multilevel analysis of 707 districts in India.

India is home to the highest global number of women and children suffering from anemia, with one in every two women impacted. India's current strategy for targeting areas with a high anemia burden is based on district-level averages, yet this fails to capture the substantial small area variation in micro-geographical (small area) units such as villages. We conducted statistical and econometric analyses to quantify the extent of small area variation in the three grades of anemia (severe, moderate, and mild) among women and children across 36 states/union territories and 707 districts of India.

Plasma microRNA expression and immunoregulatory cytokines in an Indian population occupationally exposed to cadmium.

Following its accumulation in the body, cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with devastating effects on multiple organ system of the human body. The immune system is one of the sensitive targets for Cd-induced toxicity. Recently, studies have demonstrated a significant role of Cd in inducing epigenetic alterations.

A Statistical Model of COVID-19 Infection Incidence in the Southern Indian State of Tamil Nadu.

In this manuscript, we present an analysis of COVID-19 infection incidence in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. We used seroprevalence survey data along with COVID-19 fatality reports from a six-month period (1 June 2020 to 30 November 2020) to estimate age- and sex-specific COVID-19 infection fatality rates (IFR) for Tamil Nadu. We used these IFRs to estimate new infections occurring daily using the daily COVID-19 fatality reports published by the Government of Tamil Nadu.

Characterization of Uncharacterized Proteins From Multiple Strains of .

() is a multi-strain, spore-forming, Gram-positive, opportunistic enteropathogen bacteria, majorly associated with nosocomial infections, resulting in severe diarrhoea and colon inflammation. Several antibiotics including penicillin, tetracycline, and clindamycin have been employed to control infection, but studies have suggested that injudicious use of antibiotics has led to the development of resistance in strains. However, many proteins from its genome are still considered uncharacterized proteins that might serve crucial functions and assist in the biological understanding of the organism.