Broiler farming and antibiotic use through an agency theory lens. A case study from West Bengal, India.

Chicken meat (broiler) production is a rapidly growing livestock sector in India, and one dominated by contract farming. Studies have reported high levels of antibiotic use in Indian broiler farms which is concerning given this is one of the driving forces for the development of antibiotic resistance. This study used the economic lens of agency theory to examine strategic decisions which occur during contract broiler production and their potential impact on antibiotic use, using West Bengal as a case study.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation of Amoxicillin Against in Dogs.

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria from companion animals poses significant public health risks. Prudent antibiotic use, particularly through pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling, is crucial for minimizing resistance. We investigated the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin (AMX) against .

First Report of the Thermophilic (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Central Adriatic Coast of Italy, in Abruzzo.

The Trabocchi Coast in the Chieti district of the mid-Adriatic (Italy) is one of the few rocky areas within the General Fisheries Commission GSA 17, alongside Mount Conero (Ancona 43°00'01″ N 13°52'13″ E) and the small San Nicola Rock (Ascoli Piceno; 43°32'0″ N 13°36'0″ E). This coastline is known for its biodiversity-rich bays, inlets, and submerged cliffs. Since 2015, annual biodiversity surveys have been conducted in the area, focusing on marine species richness and the identification of non-native species.

Predicting the abundance of Lepeophtheirus salmonis in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick.

Objective: The primary objective was to construct a time series model for the abundance of the adult female (AF) sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis in Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar farms in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada, for the period 2016-2021 and to illustrate its short-term predictive capabilities.

Methods: Sea lice are routinely counted for monitoring purposes, and these data are recorded in the Fish-iTrends database. A multivariable autoregressive linear mixed-effects model (second-order autoregressive structure) was generated with the outcome of the abundance of AF sea lice and included treatments, infestation pressures (a measure that represents the dose of exposure of sea louse parasitic stages to potential fish hosts) within sites (internal) and among sites (external), and other predictors.

Vaccine sero-monitoring and sero-surveillance of Peste des petits ruminants in small ruminants in West Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute or subacute, highly contagious, and economically important, transboundary disease of small ruminants caused by Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the seroconversion rate in PPR vaccinated flock of sheep (Sekela district) and the seroprevalence of PPRV in unvaccinated flocks of sheep and goats (Yilmanadensa district).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022 in two selected districts of West Gojjam zone, Ethiopia.

Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant Isolated from Cow Milk.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern and poses a significant threat to public health. The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including , also presents a risk of transmission to humans through the food chain, including milk. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of in raw milk in the Chattogram metropolitan area (CMA) of Bangladesh and their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Geographic risk assessment of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans invasion in Costa Rica as a means of informing emergence management and mitigation.

Remotely-sensed risk assessments of emerging, invasive pathogens are key to targeted surveillance and outbreak responses. The recent emergence and spread of the fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), in Europe has negatively impacted multiple salamander species. Scholars and practitioners are increasingly concerned about the potential consequences of this lethal pathogen in the Americas, where salamander biodiversity is higher than anywhere else in the world.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in pastoralists and their livestock in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan.

Background: Brucellosis poses serious public health implications and substantial economic losses in pastoral rural settings in South Sudan. In humans, brucellosis is almost always originating from animals. Current literature provides scant data regarding the seroprevalence of brucellosis in South Sudan.

Cooled Multifunctional Platforms to Alleviate Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens: Effects on Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality Traits.

Platforms have been shown to be a suitable environmental enrichment for broiler chickens, accommodating their motivation to roost and rest at an elevated position. In order to increase the animal welfare benefits, we designed prototype elevated platforms with additional functionalities: a local cooling system, a sheltered area underneath the platform and collection trays underneath the platform that prevent manure from falling on the litter. This study assessed the effects of these multifunctional platforms during thermoneutral and heat stress conditions on two key determinants of their commercial uptake potential, namely production performance, carcass and meat quality.

Livestock abortion surveillance in Tanzania reveals disease priorities and importance of timely collection of vaginal swab samples for attribution.

Lack of data on the aetiology of livestock diseases constrains effective interventions to improve livelihoods, food security and public health. Livestock abortion is an important disease syndrome affecting productivity and public health. Several pathogens are associated with livestock abortions but across Africa surveillance data rarely include information from abortions, little is known about aetiology and impacts, and data are not available to inform interventions.

Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups.

Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group-level processes such as subgroup formation and fission-fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals.

A new species of Myxobolus (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from the gills of the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus (Perciformes: Centrarchidae), from the Ouachita River Drainage of Western Arkansas.

Forty-two species of myxozoans, including 31 species of Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882, have been described from centrarchid fishes. One species, the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), has been reported to host at least three species of Myxobolus. Between March 2023 and June 2024, 42 L.

Microscopic findings of host-parasite interaction between the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, and the monogenean ectoparasite, Microcotyle sebastis.

This study was conducted to examine the pathogenesis of gill degeneration in the Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, infested with the monogenean ectoparasite, Microcotyle sebastis. We collected 30 Korean rockfish from a fish farm in Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, and examined them with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and histopathology, in March 2018. The monogenean trematode, M.

Isolation and identification of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from the feces of wild Korean water deer ().

Importance: Understanding the microbial diversity within the gastrointestinal tract of wild Korean water deer (KWD; ) is essential for gaining insights into their health and ecological interactions.

Objective: This study aims to isolate and identify aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species in the feces of wild KWD.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 55 wild KWD of varying age and sex.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Egg Residues of Amoxicillin, Single and in Combination with Bromhexine, in Laying Hens.

The need for antibiotics in commercial laying hens is increasing owing to intensive farming systems. Amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX), an aminopenicillin β-lactam antibiotic, exerts broad bactericidal activity. However, its short half-life necessitates frequent administration to ensure efficacy, thus limiting its use.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chicken and their respective farms environment in Malaysia.

Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) is an increasing public health threat. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from broiler chicken and their farm environment, in Kelantan Malaysia.

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Dairy Milk in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by fungi, pose significant health risks, especially to children and elderly individuals. In developing countries such as Nepal, the tropical climate promotes fungal growth, leading to elevated levels of AF in animal feed and milk. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in dairy milk from the Kathmandu District and to assess husbandry practices contributing to contamination.

African lineage 1a West Nile virus isolated from crocodiles exhibits low neuroinvasiveness in mice.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes encephalitis in humans and infects crocodiles, resulting in rashes and neurological signs. In Zambia, two distinct lineages of WNV have been detected in neighbouring areas: lineage 2 in mosquitoes and lineage 1a in farmed crocodiles. Considering the risk of direct or vector-mediated WNV transmission from crocodiles to mammals, it is necessary to elucidate the pathogenicity of WNV strains derived from crocodiles.

Development of a genotype-matched Newcastle disease DNA vaccine candidate adjuvanted with IL-28b for the control of targeted velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus in Africa.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an extremely contagious and deadly virus that affects numerous bird species, posing serious threats to poultry production on a global scale. In addition to implementing biosecurity practices in farming systems, vaccination remains the most effective means of controlling Newcastle disease (ND). However, while existing commercial vaccines provide some level of protection, the effectiveness of these vaccines can be questionable, particularly in field settings where the complexity of vaccination program implementation poses significant challenges, especially against virulent genotypes of NDV.

A comprehensive epidemiological approach documenting an outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4b among gulls, terns, and harbor seals in the Northeastern Pacific.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.

Trypanosoma cruzi infection in American black bears (Ursus americanus): A case report in a cub from California and serologic survey for exposure in wild black bears from several states.

Trypanosoma cruzi is an important cause of disease and death in humans and dogs, and although wildlife infections are common, less is known about disease manifestations. A 12-week-old male American black bear (Ursus americanus) cub with mild lethargy and anorexia presented to a wildlife rehabilitation center in Lake Tahoe, California. The cub continued to become increasingly weak and showed decreasing interest in play and other activities.

Isolation, characterization, and whole genome sequencing analysis of Aeromonas veronii from Channa argus in China.

Aeromonas veronii has emerged as a significant pathogen that impacts both fish and mammals. Recently, an infectious disease characterized by multiple ulcers on the body surface with a high mortality rate occurred in Channa argus cultured in Jiangsu Province, China. A Gram-negative bacterial strain (Aer12) was isolated from the body surface of the diseased fish and identified as A.