Phylogeography and population structure of (Richardson, 1845) (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae) in the South China Sea.

The climate fluctuations during the Late Pleistocene significantly influenced the phylogeographic structure and historical dynamics of marine fishes in the marginal seas of the western Pacific Ocean. The puffer fish, , holds substantial nutritional and economic value in the South China Sea. To investigate the demographic history and population structure of the , the mitochondrial DNA and Cyt gene datasets from 300 individuals across eight populations in the South China Sea were sequenced.

Thermal heterogeneity is an important factor for maintaining the genetic differentiation pattern of the pelagic barnacle in the northwest Pacific.

Macrobenthic invertebrates are ubiquitously distributed in the epipelagic zone of the open ocean. Yet, our understanding of their genetic structure patterns remains poorly understood. Investigating the genetic differentiation patterns of pelagic and clarifying the potential roles of temperature maintaining this pattern are crucial for our understanding of the distribution and biodiversity of pelagic macrobenthos.