Comparison of the FRIEND and Wasserman-Hansen Equations in Predicting Outcomes in Heart Failure.

Background Percentage of age-predicted peak oxygen uptake (VO) achieved (ppVO) has been widely used to stratify risk in patients with heart failure. However, there are limitations to traditional normal standards. We compared the recently derived FRIEND (Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: A National Data Base) equation to the widely used Wasserman-Hansen (WH) ppVO equation to predict outcomes in patients with heart failure.

Systematic Review and Regression Modeling of the Effects of Age, Body Size, and Exercise on Cardiovascular Parameters in Healthy Adults.

Purpose: Blood pressure, cardiac output, and ventricular volumes correlate to various subject features such as age, body size, and exercise intensity. The purpose of this study is to quantify this correlation through regression modeling.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to compile reference data of healthy subjects for several cardiovascular parameters and subject features.

Mental distress and its associations with behavioral outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey of Chinese adults.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate associations between mental distress and COVID-19-related changes in behavioral outcomes and potential modifiers (age, gender, educational attainment) of such associations.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods: An online survey using anonymous network sampling was conducted in China from April to May 2020 using a 74-item questionnaire.

Review of Recent Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Related to Enrollment/Adherence, Mental Health, and Other Populations.

This review overviews three topic areas observed to be highly active in the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) research literature published in 2019 and 2020. Topics summarized were enrollment or adherence in CR programs; mental health, particularly depression, stress, and anxiety of patients participating in CR programs; and patients participating in CR programs with diagnoses other than coronary artery bypass graft, myocardial infarction, or percutaneous coronary interventions.

Comparing individual and population differences in minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slopes using centile growth curves and log-linear allometry.

Identifying vulnerable groups and/or individuals' cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important challenge for clinicians/researchers alike. To quantify CRF accurately, the assessment of several variables is now standard practice including maximal oxygen uptake (' ) and ventilatory efficiency, the latter assessed using the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production ('/' ) slope. Recently, reference values (centiles) for '/' slopes for males and females aged 20 to 80 have been published, using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) data (treadmill protocol) from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND Registry).

U-shaped association between dietary calcium density intake during adolescence and hypertension in adulthood: a 20-year longitudinal nationwide study in China.

We assessed longitudinal association between calcium intake during adolescence and hypertension in adulthood. Longitudinal study data of 1611 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey during 1991-2011 were used. On average they were followed for 11·4 years.

Peak oxygen pulse and mortality risk in healthy women and men: The Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle Study (BALL ST).

Unlabelled: Peak oxygen pulse (O pulse) may have predictive utility for health outcomes yet, presently, has only been examined in men and only using a single baseline measure.

Purpose: The primary aim of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between O pulse and all-cause mortality in apparently healthy women and men. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between longitudinal changes to O pulse and mortality.

Low but not high exercise systolic blood pressure is associated with long-term all-cause mortality.

Objectives: The risks associated with achieving a high peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) during clinical exercise testing remain controversial, although this issue has not been evaluated in relation to predicted SBP standards. This cohort study aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of all-cause mortality in males in relation to reference values of peak SBP and the increase in SBP during exercise from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: A National Database (FRIEND).

Methods: We followed 7164 males (mean age: 58.

Revisiting the Relationship between WIC Participation and Breastfeeding among Low-Income Children in the U.S. after the 2009 WIC Food Package Revision.

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides breastfeeding support and free formula to low-income participating infants in the U.S. Literature has consistently documented worse breastfeeding outcomes in WIC infants and children than in non-participants, although self-selection bias poses a challenge in examining the relationship between WIC participation and breastfeeding in low-income mother-child dyads.

Comparison of non-exercise cardiorespiratory fitness prediction equations in apparently healthy adults.

Aims: A recent scientific statement suggests clinicians should routinely assess cardiorespiratory fitness using at least non-exercise prediction equations. However, no study has comprehensively compared the many non-exercise cardiorespiratory fitness prediction equations to directly-measured cardiorespiratory fitness using data from a single cohort. Our purpose was to compare the accuracy of non-exercise prediction equations to directly-measured cardiorespiratory fitness and evaluate their ability to classify an individual's cardiorespiratory fitness.

Bidirectional relationships between weight stigma and pediatric obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study for the first time quantified concurrent and bidirectional relationships between weight stigma and weight status in children, with age and gender as moderators. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for studies examined associations between weight stigma and weight status among children aged 6-18 years. Twenty-five studies (20 cross-sectional studies and five longitudinal studies) from six countries with 101,036 participants were included in review, and 18 were included in meta-analysis.

A longitudinal study of sleep, weight status, and weight-related behaviors: Childhood Obesity Study in China Mega-cities.

Background: The aim of the study was to examine correlates of sleep and assess its associations with weight status and related behaviors.

Methods: Data were collected in 2015-2017 for 3298 children aged 6-17 years and their parents in 5 Chinese mega-cities. One thousand six hundred and ninety-one children with measured weight, height, and waist circumference in ≥2 surveys were included for longitudinal data analyses.

The V˙E/V˙co2 Slope During Maximal Treadmill Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: REFERENCE STANDARDS FROM FRIEND (FITNESS REGISTRY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISE: A NATIONAL DATABASE).

Purpose: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is the gold standard approach for the assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The primary aim of the current study was to determine reference standards for the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (V˙E/V˙co2) slope in a cohort from the "Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: A National Database" (FRIEND) Registry.

Methods: The current analysis included 2512 tests from 10 CPX laboratories in the United States.

Eating-out behaviors, associated factors and associations with obesity in Chinese school children: findings from the childhood obesity study in China mega-cities.

Purpose: Eating-out and prevalence of obesity/overweight have been rising rapidly in China in the past two decades due to social economic developments. This study examined Chinese school children's eating-out behaviors and associated factors, including their association with obesity during a 3-year follow.

Methods: Data were collected from 3313 primary and middle school children aged 7-16 years in five mega-cites across China in 2015, 2016 and 2017, in an open cohort study.

Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Obesity and Biological, Behavioral, and Sociocultural Influences in the United States: A Systematic Review.

For a comprehensive understanding of high-level obesity in the USA, we studied the trends of obesity prevalence since 2007, and related biological, behavioral, and sociocultural factors in obesity racial/ethnic disparities. We searched PubMed, Embase, and national data archives for the studies using national survey data and published in English from January 1, 2007 to September 11, 2020. Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed.

Temporal, geographical and demographic trends of stroke prevalence in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: China has made large efforts to reduce stroke prevalence. We aimed to systematically examine the prevalence of stroke in China over the past two decades.

Methods: Databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, and PubMed, were systematically searched for studies published in English or Chinese that reported stroke prevalence in China during 2000-2017.

Trends in cardiorespiratory fitness among apparently healthy adults from the Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle STudy (BALL ST) cohort from 1970-2019.

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD mortality. However, little is known in regards to how CRF has trended in apparently healthy adults over the past several decades.

Purpose: To analyze trends in CRF and CVD risk factors over the last 50 years in a population of apparently healthy adult men and women.

A 3-year longitudinal study of the association of physical activity and sedentary behaviours with childhood obesity in China: The childhood obesity study in China mega-cities.

Objectives: Examine school children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) during 2015 to 2017 in China, and study their associations with children's weight status and relevant gender differences.

Methods: This open cohort study included students from five major cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an, Nanjing, and Chengdu) across China. Data were collected from students in 2015, 2016, and 2017 (n = 5535) and from their parents and school personnel.

Increasing physical activity in the community setting.

Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for both mental and physical health, yet many individuals do not meet PA recommendations. There are a multitude of approaches to increase levels of PA and the role of the community is one area of growing interest. This review discusses the community environment as well as programs within the community and their influence on PA levels.

Systematic causality mapping of factors leading to accidental falls of older adults.

Introduction: According to WHO's statistical evidence, accidental falls are the second leading causes of death worldwide. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aims to provide a holistic view of risk factors and unfold the missing or less addressed but crucial factors that lead to accidental falls of the older adults. It also intends to profile the risk factors at different levels, which helps exhibit the level of consistency relationship between various risk factors and falls.

Healthy Vascular Aging Is Associated With Higher Cardiorespiratory Fitness.

Background: Healthy vascular aging (HVA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are each independently associated with lower cardiovascular disease-related mortality. It is unknown, however, whether the CRF-related reductions in cardiovascular disease risk are related to HVA. We hypothesized that HVA would be associated with higher CRF in men and women from the Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle STudy (BALL ST).

Nutrition transition and double burden of malnutrition in Africa: A case study of four selected countries with different social economic development.

Background: Disease and lifestyle patterns have been changing rapidly especially in Africa due to transformation in economic development and urbanization. Research on the magnitude and consequences of these transformations in Africa is limited. This study investigates the shifts in nutritional status in children and adults in four selected low-, middle- and high-income countries in Africa, identifies factors associated with the shifts, and provides recommendations for future studies.